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Background: Reducing maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity are major public health concern globally and demands policies and commitments, strategy formulations and implementation and improved health-care service delivery and management. This study aimed to evaluate the status of emergency obstetric care (EmOC) services in primary health care centers in selected local government areas of Rivers State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study, which was conducted among primary health-care workers in Rivers State, Nigeria. Data obtained were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Among the participants in the intervention group, 72 (79.1%) were females, while 19 (20.9%) were males. In the control group, 67 (78.8%) were females, while 18 (21.2%) were males. There was no statistically significant difference between the intervention and the control groups as regards sex (χ2 = 0.0023; P = 0.96). There was no statistically significant difference in the marital status of the participants between the intervention and control groups (χ2 = 0.81; P = 0.93). Midwives/nurses were highest in number with 32 (35.2%) and 27 (31.8%) in the intervention and control groups, respectively, and the least were health attendants with 6 (6.6%) and 7 (8.2%) in the intervention and control groups, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between participants in the intervention and control groups (χ2 = 1.05; P = 0.96). Conclusions: This study revealed that of all the EmOC signal functions, administration of antibiotics, and oxytocics were the most performed. This study revealed a nonperformance of other signal functions, namely administration of parenteral anticonvulsants for preeclampsia and eclampsia using magnesium sulfate, removal of retained products, assisted vaginal delivery using vacuum extraction or forceps delivery, blood transfusion, and surgery.

Objective: About 50%–60% of all cancer cases will require radiotherapy during their treatment. Nonetheless, radiotherapy facilities are limited in low- and middle-income countries and despite high cancer burden in these regions of the world, only 5% have access to radiation therapy. This study identified the location of radiotherapy centers, the types of radiotherapy machines available and the personnel available in each radiotherapy center in Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study conducted across the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria from May 2020 to April 2021. A questionnaire having sections on facility profile, status of facility, and human resources, was used to elucidate information for the study. Descriptive statistics (frequency and proportion) were used to describe facilities’ characteristics, status, and human resources available. Results: Out of nine radiotherapy centers evaluated, the majority 33.3% ( n = 3) were found in the southwest geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Out of 10 equipment and accessories evaluated for availability, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital and University of Benin Teaching Hospital had the highest number of available equipment and accessories 90% ( n = 9) each respectively. Out of the nine centers evaluated, only four centers had at least one functional equipment. The highest number 64.3% ( n = 9) out of the 14 required number of staff in each center was found at University College Hospital. Out of 31 medical physicists identified, the majority 22.6% ( n = 7) was found at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital. Conclusion: A high percentage of radiotherapy centers in Nigeria lacks the equipment and manpower to function optimally and is located within the southwest geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Therefore, proper investment in the radiotherapy service through private–public partnership, staff training, and equipment upgrade and maintenance could substantially improve the state of cancer care.

Background Computed Tomography (CT) is an invaluable imaging tool in the diagnostic workup of patients presenting with head trauma, stroke, brain tumour and epilepsy. The objective of this study was to document the common intracranial pathologies as revealed by CT in our setting and also determine if the indications for CT scan are justified so that patients are not exposed to radiation unnecessarily. Materials and methods This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Hansa Clinic Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria. Demographic data and brain CT radiological reports with imaging findings and clinical indications for patients referred to this study centre from January, 2017 to January 2019 were retrieved from the CT reports' archives and reviewed retrospectively. Relevant information such age, gender, radiological CT findings and clinical indications were collected using structured proforma. Results A total of 300 patients' brain CT radiological reports were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 41.25 ± 16.5 years with majority been within the age group of 31–40 years 92 (30.67%). Out of 300 cases, normal finding was highest 117 (39%) and the least was intracranial physiological calcification, which is 1 (0.33%). Headache is the most common clinical indication, 53 (17.67%) the least was unsteady Gait, which is 3 (1%). The Chi-square test revealed that there was statistically significance relationship between brain CT findings and clinical indications for the investigations (X2 = 285.60, p = 0.002). Conclusion The study showed that more males than females undergo brain CT scan with headache being the most common presenting complaint. The majority of findings of the brain CT scans in this study are normal despite, myriads of complaints necessitating the investigations. The study also revealed significant association between clinical indications and CT findings.

Introduction: The radiation dose absorbed during Computed Tomography (CT) investigation of the head, which could be reduced by altering the scan parameters, is of great concern considering the radiosensitive organs around this region. Aim: To investigate the relationship between variations in scan parameters and image quality in brain CT scanning. Materials and Methods: This was an experimental crosssectional study conducted at a private diagnostic clinic in Enugu State, Nigeria, from September 2018 to February 2019 with a total sample size of 150. All adult patients who reported at the centre for non contrast CT of brain during the study period {but not limited to participants with Anteroposterior Circumference Diameter (APCD) 170-180 cm of brain} were selected using consecutive sampling method. The samples was divided into three groups, a control group and two experimental groups. Scan parameters such as kilovolts (kV), milliamperes (mA) and Gantry Rotation Time (GRT) varied across the three groups studied and the corresponding image parameters such as image noise, Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR) and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) were obtained and statistically analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: There were statistically significant correlations of image parameters with scan parameters Group I (control): (CNR: r=0.857, p-value

Introduction: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) currently is an excellent imaging modality of choice for the demonstration of pathologies of the lumbar spine and the intervertebral disc. A sound knowledge of the common pathologies of the lumbar spine in our setting will assist clinicians and radiologists in making accurate diagnosis. Aim: To determine the type and distribution of MRI findings in lumbar spine pathologies and its demographic correlation in Rivers State. Materials and Methods: This was an observational crosssectional study carried out among all symptomatic and asymptomatic patients who were referred for lumbar spine MRI at some selected Imaging Diagnostics Centres in Rivers State, from May 2020 to November 2020. The lumbar spine MRI examinations were performed using 0.35 Tesla MRI machines with both planar surface and multicoil phased array. The patients were evaluated for disabilities using the Nurick grading classifications. Data obtained were analysed using both descriptive (mean, deviation, frequency and percentage) and inferential (Pearson’s Correlation) statistical tools. The level of statistically significance was set at p