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Hormone sensitive lipase is one of three enzymes involved in lipolysis process and encoded by LIPE gene. In this study we investigated LIPE gene polymorphism c.442 G>A influence on carcass traits in hybrid pigs. Genomic DNA extracted using Chelex resin, genotypes determined using RFLP-PCR. Allele A observed with frequency 0,738, allele G - 0,262. The most common genotype was AA, genotype GG was observed with lower frequency, genotype AG was rarest. While evaluating population heterozygosity, it was noticed that observed heterozygosity was only 0,075, while expected heterozygosity was 0,387. In observed pig population allele A is associated with better animal muscularity, allele G - with greater fat content.

Growth hormone (GH) regulates growth, development and various metabolic activities. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms in growth hormone (GH) gene on performance traits in pigs. Genotypes of growth hormone gene (GH) were established with PCR-RFLP technique using FokI endonuclease. Porcine GH gene AA genotype was found with frequency 0.121, AG genotype - 0.474 and GG genotype with frequency 0.405. Animals with GG genotype had less body fat amount and higher muscularity percent, compared to AG and AA genotype animal. Pigs with GG genotype had the lowest age while reaching 100 kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to identify polymorphism in the Obese (leptin) gene of crossbred sows with disordered reproduction and to investigate if there are differences between the genotypes of sow Obese (leptin) gene in backfat thickness after weaning, viability of piglets and preservation of piglets until weaning. The polymorphism of the porcine leptin gene of sows of disordered reproduction and differences between the genotypes of Obese (leptin) gene in backfat thickness after weaning, born piglets' viability and preservation of piglets were analyzed in 85 crossbred sows. The backfat thickness was determined after the last weaning of piglets using a-mode ultrasonography in 3 points (P): P(l) -- between 6-7 ribs; P(2) -- 10th rib; P(3) -- behind the last rib. The number of born alive, stillborn and weaned piglets was estimated from reproductive cards of sows. DNA samples from the blood of sows for determining polymorphism were obtained by PCR and restricted fragment lengths with restriction enzyme Hinfl were: 152 bp (allele T) and 84 + 68 bp (allele C). The frequencies of detected genotypes TT, TC and CC were 0.63, 0.31 and 0.06 respectively of sows with disordered reproduction population. The estimated frequencies of alleles were 0.79 for allele T and 0.21 for allele C. Based on our research results we found that backfat thickness after weaning in sows of the CC genotype was highest compared to the sows of TT and TC genotypes at: P(l) -- 4.6 and 3.1 mm (PO.05), at P(2) -- 5.0 and 4.5 mm (P<0.05) and at P(3) -- 3.5 and 2.7 mm (P<0.05) respectively. The biggest number (52.94 %) of sows with anoestrus after weaning was detected in TT genotype group. There was no statistically significant difference among different genotypes and the number of born, stillborn piglets, but there was a tendency that sows with CC genotype with a higher backfat thickness had got more live born and less stillborn piglets compared with sows with TC and TT genotype. We found that preservation of piglets till weaning was best in sows of TT genotype (90.63 %) compared with sows of TC and CC genotypes. The piglets preservation quality for sows with TC and CC genotype was by 0.78 % and 3.25 % lower (PO.05) respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study is to investigate the polymorphism of growth hormone gene in cattle grown in Lithuania and its influence on farming characteristics. In the investigated group of 291 cattle belonging to 10 breeds the growth hormone gene allele A was found with the frequency of 0.751 and allele B with the frequency of 0.249. Allele A was found with the maximum frequency (0.900) in Hereford breed and allele B (0.438) in Simmental breed. The growth hormone allele frequencies between dairy and beef cattle breeds did not differ. Growth hormone gene genotype AA was found in 62.9% of the cattle, heterozygous AB genotype in 24.4% and BB genotype in 12.7%. Genotype A.A, with the highest frequency of 90% was found in Hereford cattle, genotype AB in 55.6% of Lithuanian Black and White and genotype BB in 37.5% of the old Lithuanian Black and White breed. Through investigation of the effects of genetic factors on the indicators of bovine mill yield and composition, the largest statistically significant impact of the growth hormone gene to the average percentage of fat content and milk yield was determined. It affected around 2% of the diversity of these indicators. Allele A of the growth hormone increases mill fat percentage, and allele B increases mill volume during lactation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of the study was to investigate polymorphism of bovine kappa casein gene in Lithuanian milk cattle population and to evaluate relation of certain genotypes with milk production traits expressed by genome scores. DNA samples were collected from 189 milk breed cattle reared in Lithuania. DNA was extracted from blood by salt method (Miller et al., 1998). Bovine kappa casein gene polymorphism study was performed by PCR-RFLP method (Soria et al., 2003). After PCR 935 bp fragment was recieved, which was digested with restriction enzymes HaeIII / HindIII and the fragments were separated in the 3% agarose gel, what allowed to identify the kappa casein A, B, E alleles. A allele with frequency 0,72, E allele with frequency 0.05. B allele, which can be used to carry out selection to improve milk processing properties was found 0.23 frequency. Six genotypes were identified: AA, AB, AE, BB, BE, EE at different frequencies. The most common was the AA genotype, which had 49.2% of the tested animals. EE was least frequently occurring genotype, which had only 0.5% of the tested animals. The biggest influence on the milk processing properties having BB genotipe was found in 2.1% of the cows. Cows with kappa casein AA genotype had the highest genomic scores for milk yield (6.05), observing statistically significant difference between kappa casein AA and AB genotypes (P<0.05); the highest protein amount genomic values had kappa casein BB genotype cows (6.25), the highest protein percent genomic scores had BB and BE genotype cows. Dispersion analysis showed that 2.8% of milk yield variation expressed by genomic scores, 0.2% of protein amount variation and 3.3% of protein percent variation (P <0.05) are dependent from kappa casein gene genotype. These results create opportunities to improve the properties of milk processing in Lithuanian dairy cattle population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithuanian Black & White (LBW) and Lithuanian Red (LR) cattle belonging to the modern breeds form 99% of the total Lithuanian cattle population. These breeds have been intensively selected for milk production during the last 50 years. Associations were analysed between polymorphisms localized in six different polymorphic sites: four polymorphisms in the 5' noncoding region of GHR gene: RFLP-AluI, -AccI and -Fnu4HI (located within the 1,206-bp LINE-1 element) and -Sau96I (located within the P1 promoter); one polymorphic site located in exon V of GH gene — RFLP-AluI, and RsaI polymorphic site located in exon 3 of the bovine PRL gene, including 52 LBW and 136 LR cattle. Genomes were identificated by the PCR-RFLP method. The relative frequencies of alleles were determined for Lithuanian Black & White and Lithuanian Red cattle: GHR(Alu+) and GHR(Alu-) alleles — 0.45, 0.55 and 0.64, 0.36; GHR(Acc+) and GHR(Acc-) alleles — 0.62, 0.38 and 0.53, 0.47; GHR(Fnu4H+)) and GHR(Fnu4H-) alleles — 0.87, 0.13 and 0.90, 0.10; GHR(Sau96+) allele — 1.00 and 1.00, GHR(Sau96-) allele were not found in both breeds; GHL and GHV alleles — 0.70, 0.30 and 0.77, 0.23; PRLA and PRLB alleles — 0.79, 0.21 and 0.87, 0.13, respectively. Except for GHR-Fnu4HI and GH-AluI loci, significant differences between the allele frequencies of LBW and LR cattle were found of GHR-AluI, -AccI, and PRL-RsaI genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]