Search

Bu çalışma, Erzurum ili Aşkale İlçesindeki süt sığırcılığı işletmelerinde hayvan sağlığı uygulamaları ve sığır yetiştiricilerinin hayvan refahı konusunda görüşleri hakkında bilgi elde etmek üzere yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın materyalini 221 işletmeci ile yüz yüze yapılan anketlerden elde edilen veriler oluşturmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, yetiştiricilerin %79,8’nin gebe ineklere septisemi aşısı yaptırmadığı saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, işletmelerin sadece %20,7’sinin veterinerlik hizmetlerinden yararlandığı tespit edilmiştir. İşletmelerin %68,6’sında ecza dolabı ve ilkyardım kitleri bulunduğu ve en yüksek oranda bu ekipmanlara sahip işletmelerin 41-50 baş hayvana sahip işletmeler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yıllık sağlık harcamaları bakımından işletmelerin yarıdan fazlası 1000-5000 ₺ harcamada bulundukları ve 31-40 baş hayvana sahip işletmelerde bu harcamaların en fazla (%46,7) olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, işletmelerin %44,6’sının yeme vitamin-mineral-tuz takviyesi yaptığı ve söz konusu işletmelerinde vitamin takviyesinin daha yüksek oranda (%66,7) yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, hayvanlar üzerindeki sıcak ve soğuk stresi gidermek amacıyla genellikle sıcak havalarda su ile serinletme (%92,2) yapıldığı, soğuk havalardan korunmak için ise ahır izolasyonuna (%84,2) önem verdikleri saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, Yetiştiricilerin %95,0’i hayvan refahının gerekliliğini belirtmiş ve hayvan refahında en önemli unsurun ise genellikle hayvanlar için stressiz bir ortamın oluşturulması (%59,4) olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. Yetiştiricilerin çoğunluğu işletmelerinde hayvan refahını sağladıklarını (%78,1) ve hayvanlarının gayet sağlıklı olduğunu (%89,5) bildirmişlerdir.

Study objectives included the assessment of carcass fatty acid composition and meat texture characteristics of younger Holstein Friesian bulls. Three experimental groups were formed based on the weights of the 23 young bulls at slaughter: lighter, medium, and heavier. Samples were taken from the Gluteus medius (GM) and Longissimus thoracis muscles 24 h after slaughter. Fatty acid composition, Warner-Bratzler Meat Shear (WBS) measurements, as well as textural profile analysis (TPA) and sensory analysis of the muscle samples were conducted. The fatty acid composition was determined using Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). Polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fatty acids give a neutral hypocholesterolemic effect in direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) contents, DFA/OFA (C14:0+C16:0) ratio, hardness, Warner-Bratzler Shear force and also the chews number – which is desirable - before swallowing (NCBS) the meat were significantly decreased with the increasing slaughter weight. Higher slaughter weight resulted in a larger amount of beef with a better panel tenderness score; however, the meat obtained from the LSW group was less healthy considering the fatty acid profile. Additionally, internal fat contained the highest saturated fatty acids concentrations, while subcutaneous fat contained the highest amount of monounsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, intramuscular fat levels were highest in PUFA and PUFA/SFA ratio. As a result, this study strongly suggests that slaughter weight and anatomical location of fat samples contribute significantly to meat texture characteristics and fatty acid profiles in Holstein Friesian bulls.

Background: Farm profitability depends on raising healthy calves, which rests on successful feeding and management programs. Objective: To determine the effects of weaning weight on growth performance, feed efficiency, behavioral traits, as well as feeding cost of Holstein-Friesian and Brown Swiss calves. Methods: Sixty-seven newborn dairy calves were allocated into four weaning-weight groups [60 kg (n=18), 65 kg (n=19), 70 kg (n=18) and 75 kg (n=12)]. Body weights (BW) and measurements were recorded at birth, weaning, and four months of age. An instantaneous sampling method was used to collect behavioral data. Results: Daily weight gain of Brown Swiss calves was higher than Holsteins between weaning and four months of age (p

This study was carried out in the central county of Ağrı Province in order to reveal the cattle feeding habits of cattle breeders. For this purpose, data were obtained by conducting a face-to-face survey with 400 dairy cattle owners of the enterprises in the county. According to the results obtained from this study, it was determined that 91.5% of the breeders produced their forage crops. It was also found out that barley, alfalfa, and sainfoin were the most produced plants in these enterprises. However, the production of the corn silage, which is an important source of roughage for dairy cattle, was performed at a very low level (1.2%). Dry hay (93.5%) took first place among the roughage sources used in these enterprises, and it was followed by alfalfa hay (61.5%) and wheat-barley straw (28.0%). Corn silage was used at a low level (7.8%) in the cattle enterprises. It was determined that cattle breeders in the central county of Ağrı province were deficient in terms of some information about cattle feeding practices. It was also demonstrated that it was necessary to increase the usage and production of corn silage as forage crops and to implement rational animal feeding practices in place of the old traditional animal feeding habits. Therefore, cattle breeders in the central county of Ağrı province should be involved in technical training programs about the cattle feeding and forage planting. As result of the courses given to the cattle breeders, their technical information about cattle nutrition and preparation of ration would be updated. For this purpose, it is also recommended that agricultural extension service should be boosted to increase the education level and awareness of the cattle breeders in the rural areas.

The study was carried out to investigate to determine effects of the different levels of the direct-fed microbials (DFM) plus exogenous feed enzymes (EFE) on the body weights, weight gains, feed efficiency ratio, some behavioral traits as well as fecal consistency index of male Brown Swiss calves. For this purpose, 18 male Brown Swiss calves were allocated to three groups (control, 10 g and 20 g head/day of DFM plus EFE). Weights obtained at weaning time and 6 months of age of the calves in 10 g head/day of DFM plus EFE group were respectively 7.3% and 7.1% heavier than these of animals in control group. The calves in 10 g head/day of DFM plus EFE group in pre-weaning and between birth and 6 months of age periods also had respectively 16.0% and 7.3% higher total weight gains than calves in the control group. Feed efficiency ratio of the calves fed diets with 10 g DFM plus EFE had 64.2% better than that of calves in control group. Average fecal consistency score of the calves fed a diet supplemented with 10 g head/day of DFM plus EFE had the lowest score (P

The study was carried out to investigate the magnitude of non-genetic factors influencing linear type traits and to estimate phenotypic correlations among these traits in Simmental cows. The 16 linear type traits were recorded for 148 Simmental cows reared in a private farm in Eastern Turkey. A statistical model used in this research included fixed effects of stage of lactation, parity, season at time of classification and classifier. The age at time of classification was included to the statistical model as co-variable. Parity, stage of lactation, season at time of classification and classifier effect was significant (P

This research was carried to determine the herd management and transhumance activities of the nomads between 2017-2018 years at in Iğdır province in South Anatolia Region of Turkey. A survey was conducted with 174 breeders registered in the Sheep-Goat Breeders Association. χ2 (Chi-Square) test was used for statistical analyses. It is determined that 25.2% of the breeders are illiterate while 74.8% hold a diploma of some level. Milking is carried out in 91.4% of the farms while no milking is done in the remaining 8.6%. Suckling time of lamb and milking time in the sheep was 147.18±1.55 and 59.02±2.00 days, respectively. Total milk yield of sheep is determined 238.36±10.02 g day-1. The number of feeding times of the sheep was determined as 2.91±0.03. The average amount of concentrate forage, corn silage, straw, and dry weed were determined as 566.38±15.68, 700.00±118.02 (n= 8), 900.00±55.09 and 1449.70±43.89 g, respectively. 80.5% of the growers sell milk, 10.9% use it in self-consumption and 8.6% do not milk. As a result, it is concluded that the semi-nomadic families in Iğdır province practice traditional breeding and are experienced in ovine breeding.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of slaughter age (young vs. old), muscle type (Longissimus dorsi (LD), Gluteus medius (GM)) and fat deposits (kidney knob and channel fat, subcutaneous fat, intramuscular fat) on chemical, organoleptic, textural characteristics and fatty acid composition of Holstein Friesian bull meat. For this purpose, the carcasses of 26 Holstein Friesian bulls that had been fattened on the same private farm were assigned to two experimental groups based on their age at slaughter: a young group (YG) (average age: 17.0 ± 1.0 months old) and an old group (OG) (average age: 22.0 ± 1.0 months old). The percentage of crude protein, panel tenderness score, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and saturated fatty acid (SFA) content, the PUFA/SFA ratio and the hypocholesterolemic fatty acid (DFA)/hypercholesterolemic fatty acid (OFA) ratio of the bull carcasses decreased significantly with increasing slaughter age. By contrast, the OFA content of the carcasses significantly increased (p < 0.05) with increasing slaughter age. Advanced slaughter age resulted in lower panel tenderness scores. Additionally, the meat of the bulls in the OG was considered to be less healthy because of the less desirable fatty acid composition and nutritional indices, such as the PUFA/SFA and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratios, compared to the meat from the bulls in the YG. Furthermore, the intramuscular fat and internal fat contained high percentages of PUFA and SFA and high PUFA/SFA and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratios. Interestingly, the percentage of OFA content in the internal and intramuscular fat tissues decreased with increasing slaughter age. In conclusion, this study provided evidence that slaughter age and muscle and fat type are essential sources of variations in the textural characteristics, sensory panel attributes and fatty acid profile of meat from Holstein Friesian bulls.

In this study, genetic parameters, macro environmental factors and genetic, phenotypic and environmental trends for actual and 305 day milk yield of Brown Swiss cattle reared in Research Farm of Agricultural College at Atatürk University were estimated. Estimated breeding values that were used for calculation of the genetic trend and genetic parameters were estimated by using MTDFREML computer package program. Environmental factors affecting on actual and 305day milk yields were analysed by using Harvey statistic package program. While effects of the years and parities on the actual and 305-day milk yields were highly significant, the influence of the calving season was found to be insignificant. Environmental and phenotypic trends for actual and 305-day milk yields were determined as -33.2 kg and -29.0 kg; and -27.8±19.1 kg/year and -25.9±8.7 kg/year respectively. Genetic trends for actual and 305-day milk yields were calculated as 5.4±3.8 kg and 3.1±3.4 kg. Heritability’s for actual and 305-day milk yields were 0.21±0.12 and 0.16±0.14 respectively. Repeatability values for actual and 305-day milk yield were found as 0.29 and 0.33 respectively.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the possibility of the reducing weaning age of Brown Swiss x Eastern Anatolian Red F1 crossbred calves reared in North East Region of Anatolia. A total of 26 calves were housed in individual hutches and weaned at 2 (early weaning) or 3 (late weaning) months of age. While weaning weight of the calves in different weaning age treatment groups was significantly (P

The purpose of this study was to compare performances of 27 Brown Swiss calves (13 male, 14 female) fed acidified whole milk (AM) or sweet whole milk (SM) at 8% of birth weight during 35 days. Daily body weight gains of calves that consumed AM were similar to those for calves fed SM. Overall feed efficiency ratio of AM-fed calves was also similar to those of SM-fed calves. Calf faecal consistency score and percent days with scours (P

Bu araşt ı rmada, Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Çiftli ğrnde yetiştirilen Esmer ve Siyah Alaca buza ğı lar 30, 45 ve 60. günde sütten kesilmi şler ve buza ğı lara içirilen günlük süt miktar ı doğ um ağı rl ığı n ı n si oran ı nda. tutulmuştur. Esmer ve Siyah Alaca di şi buza ğı lar ı n doğum a ğı rl ı klar ı s ı ras ı yla; 33.6±0.9 ve 32.6±1.6 kg olarak bulunmuştur. 30, 45 ve 60 günde sütten kesilen s ığı rlar ı n 12. ay a ğı rl ı kları ; 205.9±8.0, 204.9±7.4 ve 211.3±5.1 kg , 18. ay a ğı rl ı klar ı ; 289.9±7.8, 283.6±7.2 ve 297.1±4.9 kg olarak bulunmu ştur. Doğ um - onsekiz ay aras ı dönemde günlük canl ı ağı rl ı k artışı ortalamaları 30. günde sütten kesilen buza ğı larda 0.47±0.008 , 45 günlük sütten kesim grubunda 0.46±0.008 ve 60. günde sütten kesilen buza ğı larda 0.49±0.015 kg olarak saptanm ış ve gruplar arası farklar önemsiz bulunmuştur.