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AbstractZeolite imidazolate framework 8 (ZIF-8), which is a special subgroup of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), has gained more interest due to its desirable characteristics. ZIF-8 was synthesized at room temperature to prepare an efficient adsorbent. The synthesized ZIF-8 was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. This adsorbent was employed for the preconcentration of trace amounts of Cd (II) and Co (II) ions in soil, vegetable juice, and water samples with vortex-assisted dispersive solid phase microextraction (DSPME) before their identification by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). The experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm models. The monolayer adsorption capacity of ZIF-8 was found to be 238.10 mg g−1 and 90.90 mg g−1 for Cd (II) and Co (II) ions, respectively. The kinetics of the adsorption were tested using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models. The results showed that the adsorption of Cd (II) and Co(II) ions onto ZIF-8 proceeds according to the pseudo-second-order- model. Under the optimum conditions, the method showed a good linear dynamic range (2–2000 µg L−1), (0.9–4000µg L−1) with a lower limit of detection (0.6 µg L−1), (0.27 µg L−1) and preconcentration factor (62.5), (33.33) for Co (II) and Cd(II) respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 1.0% for 0.5 mg L−1. The method is highly selective as there are no significant interferences from matrix cations and anions even at high concentrations. These results reveal the potential use of the synthesized ZIF-8 as an effective adsorbent and used for preconcentration of Cd(II) and Co(II) ions from environmental samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) as semiconductor‐like materials, are considered to be promising photocatalysts for heterogeneous phtotocatalytic oxidation of styrene. Herein, copper‐based MOFs and titanium dioxide composite bifunctional photocatalyst (Cu–benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxylate‐titanium dioxide, Cu‐BTC‐TiO2) wereas synthesized, and the selective oxidation of styrene was achieved under mild conditions of oxygen and water. Cu‐BTC‐TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) exhibited more than three times higher styrene conversion than Cu‐BTC and TiO2 individually under same condition, and the desired product benzaldehyde can be obtained with up to 82% yield. The improved performance may be attributed to the acid site of Cu‐BTC, which is conducive to the adsorption and activation of styrene. In addition, the formation of heterojunction between Cu‐BTC and TiO2 can regulate the band gap of photocatalyst, which is favorable for light absorption, and facilitate the separation, transportation and utilization of photogenerated electron holes. The present protocol features good functional group tolerance, mild reaction conditions, and the reusability of catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A modified Metal‐Organic Framework UiO‐66‐NH2‐based photocathode in a zero‐gap gas phase photoelectrolyzer was applied for CO2 reduction. Four types of porous carbon fiber layers with different wettability were employed to tailor the local environment of the cathodic surface reactions, optimizing activity and selectivity towards formate, methanol, and ethanol. Results are explained by mass transport through the different type and arrangement of carbon fiber support layers in the photocathodes and the resulting local environment at the UiO‐66‐NH2 catalyst. The highest energy‐to‐fuel conversion efficiency of 1.06 % towards hydrocarbons was achieved with the most hydrophobic carbon fiber (H23C2). The results are a step further in understanding how the design and composition of the photoelectrodes in photoelectrochemical electrolyzers can impact the CO2 reduction efficiency and selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macroporous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit immense promise as carriers for immobilizing macromolecules, notably lipases. Nevertheless, their minute particle dimensions pose challenges in the recycling process, thereby significantly constraining their widespread practical utilization. To address this limitation, this study explores the potential of incorporating magnetic substances during the carbonization process, especially focusing on the use of magnetically carbonized Macro-MIL-88A for lipase immobilization and biodiesel production. The effects of different carbonation temperatures on macroporous MIL-88A and microporous MIL-88A were investigated. Our findings revealed that the carbonization temperature influenced the preservation of the 3D structure and the generation of magnetite. Carbonized Macro-MIL-88A (Macro-Fe3O4-C) at 500 °C exhibited superior specific activity and enhanced activity recovery. Lipase immobilized on Macro-Fe3O4-C (Macro-Fe3O4-C-TLL) demonstrated higher methanol tolerance during the biodiesel production process compared to Micro-Fe3O4-C. The reduced reusability of Macro-Fe3O4-C-TLL was attributed to the adsorption of the by-product glycerol. We further investigated pre- and posthydrophobic modifications on Macro-Fe3O4-C and found that post-PDMS modification maintained both high enzyme loading and good reusability of the immobilized lipase during biodiesel production. This study presents a promising method to enhance the reusability of immobilized large molecules by incorporating magnetite via a straightforward carbonization process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palladium is one of the most utilized metals in catalysis, particularly for hydrogenation and oxidation, cross C–C coupling, hydrogen formation, photocatalytic and electrocatalytic energy conversion reactions. Heterogeneous catalysis is undergoing a considerable move involving molecular aspects, which allows a better control and understanding of the structure–reactivity relationship toward optimization of the catalyst performances and selectivities. Inspired by organometallic catalysis, nanocatalytic materials that provide heterogeneization, nanocatalyst stabilization and optimized synergies include iron oxides, polymers, dendrimers, magnetic iron oxides, metal–organic and covalent-organic frameworks, carbons, atomically precise nanoclusters and other subnanoclusters such as single atoms, dual atoms and their combination and synergies with nanoparticles. In these nanocomposites, the number of catalytically utilized expansive Pd atoms is minimized. This mini-review addresses new trends of Pd nanocatalysis including these aspects with selected examples and examines perspectives. Progress of Pd nanocatalysis are reviewed including dramatic recent decrease of Pd sub-nanoparticle size utilizing modern organic or inorganic framework matrices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic wound healing is a great clinical challenge due to the microenvironment of hyperglycemia and high pH value, bacterial infection and persistent inflammation. Here, we develop a cascade nanoreactor hydrogel (Arg@Zn-MOF-GOx Gel, AZG-Gel) with arginine (Arg) loaded Zinc metal organic framework (Zn-MOF) and glucose oxidase (GOx) based on chondroitin sulfate (CS) and Pluronic (F127) to accelerate diabetic infected wound healing. GOx in AZG-Gel was triggered by hyperglycemic environment to reduce local glucose and pH, and simultaneously produced hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) to enable Arg-to release nitric oxide (NO) for inflammation regulation, providing a suitable microenvironment for wound healing. Zinc ions (Zn2+) released from acid-responsive Zn-MOF significantly inhibited the proliferation and biofilm formation of S.aureus and E.coli. AZG-Gel significantly accelerated diabetic infected wound healing by down-regulating pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, up-regulating anti-inflammatory factor IL-4, promoting angiogenesis and collagen deposition in vivo. Collectively, our nanoreactor cascade strategy combining "endogenous improvement (reducing glucose and pH)" with "exogenous resistance (anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory)" provides a new idea for promoting diabetic infected wound healing by addressing both symptoms and root causes. A cascade nanoreactor (AZG-Gel) is constructed to solve three key problems in diabetic wound healing, namely, hyperglycemia and high pH microenvironment, bacterial infection and persistent inflammation. Local glucose and pH levels are reduced by GOx to provide a suitable microenvironment for wound healing. The release of Zn2+ significantly inhibits bacterial proliferation and biofilm formation, and NO reduces wound inflammation and promotes angiogenesis. The pH change when AZG-Gel is applied to wounds is expected to enable the visualization of wound healing to guide the treatment of diabetic wound. Our strategy of "endogenous improvement (reducing glucose and pH)" combined with "exogenous resistance (anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory)" provides a new way for promoting diabetic wound healing. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fine chemicals are produced in small annual volume batch processes (often <10,000 tonnes per year), with a high associated price (usually >USD 10/kg). As a result of their usage in the production of speciality chemicals, in areas including agrochemicals, fragrances, and pharmaceuticals, the need for them will remain high for the foreseeable future. This review article assesses current methods used to produce fine chemicals with heterogeneous catalysts, including both well-established and newer experimental methods. A wide range of methods, utilising microporous and mesoporous catalysts, has been explored, including their preparation and modification before use in industry. Their potential drawbacks and benefits have been analysed, with their feasibility compared to newer, recently emerging catalysts. The field of heterogeneous catalysis for fine chemical production is a dynamic and ever-changing area of research. This deeper insight into catalytic behaviour and material properties will produce more efficient, selective, and sustainable processes in the fine chemical industry. The findings from this article will provide an excellent foundation for further exploration and a critical review in the field of fine chemical production using micro- and mesoporous heterogeneous catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces a high-performance Ce–Co MOFs/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposite, synthesized via hydrothermal methods, designed to advance supercapacitor technology. The integration of Ce–Co metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with Ti3C2Tx (Mxene) yields a composite that exhibits superior electrochemical properties. Structural analyses, including X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), confirm the successful formation of the composite, featuring well-defined rod-like Ce–Co MOFs and layered Ti3C2Tx sheets.Electrochemical evaluation highlights the exceptional performance of the Ce–Co MOFs/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposite, achieving a specific capacitance of 483.3 Fg⁻1 at 10 mVs⁻1, a notable enhancement over the 200 Fg⁻1 of Ce–Co MOFs. It also delivers a high energy density of 78.48 Whkg⁻1 compared to 19 Whkg⁻1 for Ce–Co MOFs. Remarkably, the nanocomposite shows outstanding cyclic stability with a capacitance retention of 109 % after 4000 cycles and electrochemical surface area (ECSA) of 845 cm2, coupled with a reduced charge transfer resistance (Rct) of 2.601 Ω and an equivalent series resistance (ESR) of 0.8 Ω. These findings demonstrate that the Ce–Co MOFs/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposite is a groundbreaking material, offering enhanced energy storage, conductivity, and durability, positioning it as a leading candidate for next-generation supercapacitors.

Transition metal oxides (TMOs) possess the distinct advantage of high theoretical specific capacity and are considered as one of the promising alternatives to carbon-based anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. However, the significant volume expansion experienced by TMOs during lithiation and delithiation processes leads to rapid capacity fading, thereby limiting their widespread applications. In this study, we synthesized PMoO12@NH2-MIL-53(Fe) precursors through a solvothermal method followed by high-temperature treatment to obtain FeMoO4/Fe2O3-NC nanocomposites. The inclusion of FeMoO4 as a crucial component not only provides a large capacity but also enhances the performance due to the synergistic effects with Fe2O3. The resulting multicomponent FeMoO4/Fe2O3-NC nanoparticles exhibit exceptional cycling stability and rate capability. Under optimized conditions, the specific capacity of FeMoO4/Fe2O3-NC can be maintained at approximately 1021 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1, while achieving an average specific capacity of up to 862 mAh g−1 even under high current densities such as 500 mA g−1. In conclusion, the research potential of FeMoO4/Fe2O3-NC anodes for lithium-ion batteries is worth more attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), a relatively new category of materials which came into attention about two decades ago, have caught attention of researchers across industrial sectors including food additives, flavor, food packaging and food sensing. More than 100,000 such structures have been synthesized, and approximately 500,000 have been theoretically determined. However, most of these structures are synthesized using transition metal ions and petroleum derived ligands which creates cytotoxicity and sustainability related concerns, respectively. Additional challenges with MOFs include thermal, moisture, and hydrothermal stability as well as pH sensitivity, reusability and scalability. To mitigate the environmental, sustainability and toxicological concerns, researchers have utilized bio-compatible and edible linkers such as polyphenols, cyclodextrins, peptides, amino acids etc. linked with non-toxic cations including endogenous/intercellular cations such as Zn2+, Fe2+, Fe3+ Mg2+, Ca2+, and K+ among others. Other factors hinder the real-life applications of these bio-compatible MOFs including thermal or hydrothermal stability, pH of the application medium, food-contact and cytotoxicity concerns. This paper systematically provides an overview of various factors such as coordination ability, acid dissociation constant and acid bond orbitals among others and links them to the thermal, hydrothermal stability and reusability. Various MOFs made from edible, biocompatible, biological ligands and endogenous non-toxic ions suitable for food, food packaging or food contact application have been identified. Structure, porosity and physical properties of these MOF families have been summarized. • MOFs made from edible, biocompatible, biological ligands and endogenous non-toxic ions suitable for food contact application are summarized. • Systematic overview of factors affecting the thermal, hydrothermal stability and reusability is provided. • Structure, porosity and physical properties of these MOF families have been summarized. • Cytotoxicity and environmental concerns have been addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of novel nanozymes for environmental contamination remediation is a worthwhile research direction. However, most of the reported nanozymes cannot degrade efficiently due to the limitation of the internal active sites not being able to come into direct contact with contaminants. Therefore, we reported Fe-N-C single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) with atomically dispersed FeN4 active sites anchored on a three-dimensional hierarchically ordered microporous-mesoporous-macroporous nitrogen doped carbon matrix (3DOM Fe-N-C) for the degradation of a targeted environmental pollutant (rhodamine B (RhB)). The three-dimensional (3D) hierarchically ordered porous structure may accelerate mass transfer and improve the accessibility of active sites. This structure and high metal atom utilization endow Fe-N-C SAzyme with enhanced tri-enzyme-mimic activities, comprising oxidase-mimic, peroxidase-mimic, and catalase-mimic activities. Based on its excellent peroxidase-mimic activity, 3DOM Fe-N-C can degrade RhB by hydroxyl radicals (·OH) generated in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. This study provides a new idea for designing porous Fe-N-C SAzymes for environmental contamination remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) could greatly improve the power generation and degradation performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). MOFs and their compound derivatives played key role in cathode, anode and proton exchange membrane of MFCs, which greatly promoted the power generation of MFC and the degradation efficiency of various pollutants. However, MOFs were still possessed some defects, such as complex synthesis process, difficult regulation, instability, etc. Moreover, the application of MFC was limited in low power density, system internal resistance, microbial consumption, etc. Which further limited the degradation of pollutants by MFC. The existing problems and various improvement schemes of MOFs for MFCs were further summarized, which would provide references for promoting the application of MOFs materials in MFC system. It was expected to enhance the application of MOFs materials and promote the performance of MFC. • The types, design and synthesis methods of MOFs and their complex were summarized. • The research progress of MOFs compound in MFC degradation was reviewed. • The research trend of MOFs composites in MFC degradation was prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Compared with the traditional separation method, we propose a new composite sponge material with the advantages of low energy consumption, fast collection rate, and safety. • The synthetic UiO-66-NH 2 and polylactic acid are both green and safe new materials, which benefit environmental protection and have great potential in treating organic pollutants in water bodies. • The oil/water separation efficiency of the prepared superhydrophobic sponge is higher than 99%, and the water content in the separated oil–water mixture is less than 10 ppm. In recent years, oil and organic solvent pollution of water bodies have deteriorated water quality, harmed ecosystems, and presented serious concerns to human health and biodiversity. Traditional oil/water separation technologies are inefficient, consume a lot of energy, and are difficult to operate. As a result, finding efficient, environmentally beneficial, and long-term separation solutions to manage water pollution is challenging. This paper proposes UNP@MS, a MOF-based sponge material to achieve superhydrophobicity and super lipophilicity, the material is developed on a melamine sponge loaded with UiO-66-NH 2 and grafted with a polylactic acid (PLA) component. It achieves a remarkable oil/water separation efficiency of 99% even under difficult conditions (such as acidic or alkaline solutions) and displays exceptional separation efficiency for various oils. Furthermore, the oil absorption capacity maintains at 85% after ten cycles of oil absorption, exhibiting outstanding stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Hydrophobic surface treated HKUST-1 (HHK-x) is manufactured. • High stability in continuous exposure to moisture containing air condition. • Sacrificial hydrolysis reaction of hydrophobic layer protects the structure. • Water sorption resistance is enhanced by 50.2 % compared to pristine HKUST-1. Imparting water resistance is important for structures which is vulnerable to moisture to maintain the performance. In this study, octadecyltrimethoxysilane (ODTMS), which forms a hydrophobic surface through polymerization on the surface of the material, was used to enhance the hydrophobicity of HKUST-1 (HHK-x). This self-assembled structure reacts as sacrificial barrier to continuously penetrating H 2 O molecules and this effect is evaluated with detection of O–H peak (3323 cm−1) in FT-IR spectra. The gas adsorption performance is conducted with CO 2 gas and the adsorption amount was reduced by 20 % (from 5.77 to 4.62 mmol/g at 25 °C, 1 bar) compared with the pristine HKUST-1 following the trend of specific surface area. However, water adsorption amount was reduced by 50.2 %, which is 2.5 times higher than the decrease in CO 2 adsorption capacity. In addition, when the N 2 adsorption and cycle adsorption performances were compared after exposing the sample to air for five days, it was confirmed that HHK-40 maintained its microporous structure and stable performance. The manufactured materials exhibited higher durability in a cyclic vapor sorption test depending on the loading amount of ODTMS and exhibits different tendency depending on the rate of humidity. These results experimentally indicate that accessible self-assembly process of ODTMS on water-vulnerable materials to be sustainable and stable in humid air conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Adsorption is one of the most promising methods to remove pollutants from water. • MOFs is considered as important adsorbent due to excellent structural performance. • Various modification methods on the structure of MOF and its derivatives are reviewed. • The adsorption mechanism and the factors that affect the performance are discussed. Emerging contaminants have widely existed in terrestrial and river and lake ecosystems, and gradually bioaccumulate and amplify along the food chain, seriously threatening the survival of animals and plants and human health. Adsorption has long been regarded as one of the most promising methods to remove pollutants from wastewater. Among various adsorbent materials, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), a new class of porous materials, are considered as an excellent adsorbent due to its high specific surface area, high porosity, high crystallinity, tunable pore size and structure, and abundant active sites. In this review, we analyze the influences of different preparation and modification methods on the structure of MOFs and the improvement of adsorption properties of MOFs and its derivatives. In addition, we focus on the emerging contaminants that pose a great threat to human life and health, and further analyze the adsorption mechanism and the factors that affect the adsorption performance. This review emphasizes the application value of the materials, summarizes the challenges faced by the application of MOFs in adsorbing emerging contaminants, and provides insights for future large-scale applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MOFs adsorption membrane poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)@ZIF-67 is proposed to composite with in-situ polymerized (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA)/SN/LiTFSI to construct composite solid electrolyte, leading to enhanced ionic conductivity and interfacial stability due to the adsorption functionality. [Display omitted] • Nanofiber connected MOFs adsorption membrane is proposed to composite with in situ polymerized PEGDA/SN/LiTFSI to construct composite solid electrolyte. • SN and anions are adsorbed through porous structure and Lewis acid-base action to liberate more free lithium ions, synergizing with SN to increase ionic conductivity. • The adsorbed SN is limited to react with lithium metal anode and MOFs can distribute lithium ions evenly to improve the interfacial stability. • The solid electrolyte improves the rate and cycling performances of both LFP and NCM622 based lithium metal batteries. Polymer solid electrolytes have good flexibility and processibility, but the ionic conductivity is low and compositing with succinonitrile (SN) is one of the most effective strategies. However, severe side reaction between high reactive SN and lithium (Li) metal results in inferior interfacial stability. Herein, MOFs adsorption membrane poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)@ZIF-67 is prepared by facile electrospinning and in-situ coordinated growth to guarantee homogenous distributed MOFs connected by nanofibers, which is composited with in-situ polymerized (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA)/SN/LiTFSI to construct composite solid electrolyte. MOFs adsorb SN and anions through porous structure and Lewis acid-base action to liberate more free Li+, leading to enhanced ionic conductivity (1.29 mS cm−1 at 30°C) and Li+ transference number (0.63). The adsorbed SN is limited to react with Li metal and MOFs can distribute Li+ evenly, leading to uniform plating/stripping and improved interfacial stability. The Li||Li cell shows stable Li plating/stripping for 920 h at 0.1 mA cm−2. The LFP||Li cell demonstrates excellent rate and cycling performances with capacity retention of 90 % after 500 cycles at 0.5C. The NCM622||Li shows good rate and cycling performances. This strategy opens up a new avenue to design adsorption membrane based solid electrolytes for Li metal batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer matrix is vulnerable to fire hazards and needs to add flame retardants to enhance its performance and make its application scenarios more extensive. At this stage, it is more necessary to add multiple flame-retardant elements and build a multi-component synergistic system. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have been studied for nearly three decades since their introduction. MOFs are known for their structural advantages but have only been applied to flame-retardant polymers for a relatively short period of time. In this paper, we review the development of MOFs utilized as flame retardants and analyze the flame-retardant mechanisms in the gas phase and condensed phase from the original MOF materials, modified MOF composites, and MOF-derived composites as flame retardants, respectively. The effects of carbon-based materials, phosphorus-based materials, nitrogen-based materials, and biomass on the flame-retardant properties of polymers are discussed in the context of MOFs. The construction of MOF multi-structured flame retardants is also introduced, and a variety of MOF-based flame retardants with different morphologies are shown to broaden the ideas for subsequent research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with redox active metal ions and diverse organic linkers have been broadly investigated as the expecting electrode materials for supercapacitors. Here, the hollow Ni/Co‐MOFs with uniform and small protrusions can be obtained by a simple one‐pot solvothermal process, controlling the size of the protrusions on the MOFs surface by regulating the molar ratio between metal ions and trimesic acid linkers. The small protrusions can supply plenty of redox sites for the electrochemical reactions while the hollow spheres should offer sufficient contact area for the electrolyte to reduce the ion transport resistance. The prepared Ni/Co‐MOFs exhibit promising performance in the supercapacitors. The Ni/Co‐MOF with ratio of 1:1 (metal ions:trimesic acid linkers) gives outstanding performance that the specific capacity can reach 828 C g−1 when the current density is 1 A g−1 and the rate capability can reach 68% at 20 A g−1. This work may cast light on tuning the structure of MOFs to boost electrochemical capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unveiling the structural design and synthesizing mechanism of the metallic crystalline precursors is of great significance for constructing hetero-interfaces and enhancing the EW attenuation in electromagnetic wave absorbing materials (EWAMs). Herein, two diverse crystalline Mo-species incorporated metal-organic framework precursors were designed for studying the phase conversion during the high-temperature treatment and evaluating their electromagnetic wave (EW) absorbing mechanism. The MoO 4 as the node on the framework and the Mo 12 O 40 cluster as guest in the framework derived β -Mo 2 C and η -MoC in MoC x /Co@NC hybrids, respectively. The EW absorbing performance results indicated a superior RL min of −47.72 dB at 11.76 GHz at the thickness of 2.0 mm and a wide effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.58 GHz (7.44–12.02 GHz) covering the whole X-band at the thickness of 2.5 mm for η -MoC/Co@NC. The "Host-Guest" precursor induced the uniformly distributed η -MoC and metallic Co nanoparticles in the N-doped carbon matrix, generating abundant 3d/4d hetero-interfaces and intense synergistic interaction. The crucial role of thermal stability of the crystalline framework and phase conversion among multi-components were investigated, which lighten the structural design of the high-performance EWAMs in the future. A brilliant structural design strategy of Host-Guest structural precursor (Mo-POM@Co-ZIF) was proved for obtaining a high-efficient EWAM (η -MoC/Co@NC). The highly porous structure and uniformly distributed hetero-interfaces enhanced the electromagnetic attenuation and impedance matching, displaying superior SRL of −176.39 and −159.07 at 1.5 and 2.0 mm, and wide EAB of 4.58 GHz (7.44–12.02 GHz) which covered the whole X-band at 2.5 mm. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rational manipulation of electron transfer in photocatalysts are essential for the photocatalytic nitrogen fixation. In this study, a boron (B)-doping strategy is proposed for boosting the electron transfer of MOF-based photocatalysts. A series of B-doped Ti-MOFs, NH 2 /B-MIL-125 (NBM), were synthesized by a facile one-pot hydrothermal method, in which NH 2 -MIL-125, 2-aminoterephthalic acid (NH 2 -H 2 BDC) as the organic ligand, was chosen as the model material and the second ligand 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid (CPBA) was employed as the B source. The B element in CPBA is successfully incorporated into the MOF skeleton by forming the B-O-Ti bonds. The electron-deficient B atom can accommodate more photogenerated electrons, which acts as a "high-speed bridge" between the metal and ligand, thus effectively increasing the electron further transferring along the ligand-metal charge transfer (LMCT) path. Consequently, the recombination of photogenerated carriers is inhibited, greatly enhancing the photocatalytic nitrogen fixation performance. The optimal NBM sample exhibits an NH 3 generation rate of 286.4 μmol g−1 L−1 under full spectrum, which is 2.9 times higher than that of pristine NH 2 -MIL-125 (73.4 μmol g−1 L−1). This study may provide a promising strategy to acquire high-efficiency photocatalysts via the electron-deficient element doping. [Display omitted] • B-doping strategy is proposed to increase the transferrable electrons in MOF-based photocatalysts. • B-doped Ti-MOFs NH 2 /B-MIL-125 were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. • Electron-deficient B acts as a "high-speed bridge", boosting electron transfer along LMCT path. • Photocatalytic NH 3 yield of optimal NH 2 /B-MIL-125 reaches 286.4 μmol h−1 g−1 under full spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sensitive detection, extraction and analysis of organic compounds such as pharmaceuticals as contaminants in food is very crucial. For this purpose, the effective utilization of sustainable nanomaterials is a promising strategy that combines the benefits of sustainability principles with nanotechnology to ensure the quality and safety of food products. Eco-friendly nanomaterials are distinguished by their exceptional properties, including sustainable synthesis, minimized ecological impact, and production from renewable or waste resources (e.g., cellulose, chitosan, lignin). This review paper elucidates the latest advancements and emerging trends in the development of eco-friendly nanomaterial-based sensor and extraction platforms for the efficient detection and removal of antibiotics as organic contaminants from food samples. The introduction section briefly outlines the significance and benefits of nanomaterials in the construction of sensor platforms. Subsequently, green methodologies for the synthesis of nanomaterials are discussed. Then, the paper progresses with various applications of eco-friendly nanomaterial-based sensor platforms and separation systems towards antibiotic contaminants in food samples. The final section offers conclusions and future perspectives. [Display omitted] • Eco-friendly nanomaterials enable sensitive antibiotic detection in food. • Green synthesis methods reduce environmental impact using renewable resources. • Eco-friendly solvents ensure safer nanomaterial production for food safety. • Future research targets scalable production and commercial nanomaterial platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a versatile category of porous coordination polymers which can be differentiated from other porous nanomaterials due to their fascinating properties such as adaptable surface chemistry, tuneable functionalities, and exceedingly large surface area and uniform/controllable pore size. This newly emerging family of materials with such extraordinary attributes has generated strong research interest, making pristine MOFs and MOF based hybrids a potential platform for a diverse range of applications. However, inferior electrical conductivities and poor chemical stabilities in aqueous solutions have narrowed MOF's application base. In this review article, recent advancement in the synthesis techniques of MOFs and the impact of various production parameters on their physical, chemical, and electrochemical characteristics have been discussed in detail. In addition, their electrochemical performance in rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells and electrochemical sensors has been discussed briefly. Furthermore, future research direction and anticipated challenges have also been reviewed.

• Progress in developing/applying various nanostructured adsorbents has been reviewed. • LDHs, graphene, CNTs, MXenes, MOFs, and ZIFs are very promising HMs adsorbents. • Latest advancements in adsorptive removal of HMs from wastewater have been analyzed. • Adsorption isotherm, kinetics, thermodynamics, mechanism, etc., have been discussed. • Challenges/limitations are highlighted; future research directions are identified. Heavy metals (HMs) are among the most hazardous water pollutants due to their toxic (when ionized in water) and non-biodegradable nature. Although there are several methods that can be used to remove HMs from contaminated water samples, adsorption is one of the most attractive techniques for water decontamination due to its several attractive attributes. However, the efficacy of the adsorptive removal of HMs from wastewater greatly depends on the characteristics of the utilized adsorbents. Recently, nanostructured adsorbents such as layered double/triple hydroxides (LDHs/LTHs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene-based materials, MXenes, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), and zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) have emerged as attractive tools for the removal of HMs from wastewater. Although there are a few review articles on each of these nanomaterials, comprehensive reviews documenting the applications of all these nanomaterials in one place are still greatly lacking. Additionally, adsorptive removal of HMs is a rapidly evolving field, requiring up-to-date comprehensive reviews in order to analyse, assess, and summarize the scattered information in recently published research articles, making it convenient for researchers and professionals to easily follow the progress in the field. Therefore, the main objective of this article is to comprehensively review recent studies on the adsorptive removal of HMs from contaminated water samples using nanostructured adsorbents (i.e., LDHs/LTHs, CNTs, graphene, MXenes, MOFs, ZIFs, and nanocomposites containing any of these nanomaterials). Besides their synthesis approaches, the adsorption performance of these nanomaterials towards HMs are extensively reviewed. Adsorption kinetics, isotherm, the effects of several adsorption parameters, adsorption thermodynamics, and reusability/recyclability of these nanostructured adsorbents are thoroughly and critically reviewed. Obstacles, challenges, limitations, and remaining knowledge gaps are identified, and future works to address them have been highlighted. Hence, the present article offers a state-of-the-art and comprehensive review of the various aspects of HMs removal from wastewater samples using nanostructured adsorbents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are formed by self-assembly of metal ions and organic ligands. A special type of MOF called ZIF-8, which is formed by self-assembly of zinc ions and 2-methylimidazole, shows excellent stability in aqueous solutions and disintegrates under acidic conditions. These properties make ZIF-8 a suitable carrier material for pH-stimulated drug delivery systems. Glabridin is an isoflavane compound that is widely present in the roots of licorice. Because of its outstanding skin whitening properties, glabridin is widely used as a whitener in the cosmetics industry. In this study, ZIF-8 was employed to encapsulate glabridin. Glabridin-loaded ZIF-8 was successfully prepared with a drug encapsulation efficiency of 98.67%. The prepared sample showed a fusiform or cruciate flower-like structure, and its size was about 3 μm. ZIF-8 enabled pH-controlled release of glabridin. Moreover, ZIF-8 encapsulation significantly enhanced the intracellular anti-oxidant activity and melanogenesis inhibitory activity of glabridin. This study provides a new approach that shows great potential to improve the biological application of glabridin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon disulfide (CS2) is a highly volatile neurotoxic species. It is known to cause atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease and contributes significantly to sulfur-based pollutants. Therefore, effective detection and capture of carbon disulfide represents an important aspect of research efforts for the protection of human and environmental health. In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of two strongly luminescent and robust isoreticular metal organic frameworks (MOFs) Zr6(µ3-O)4(OH)8(tcbpe)2(H2O)4 (here termed 1) and Zr6(µ3-O)4(OH)8(tcbpe-f)2(H2O)4 (here termed 2) and their use as fluorescent sensors for the detection of carbon disulfide. Both MOFs demonstrate a calorimetric bathochromic shift in the optical bandgap and strong luminescence quenching upon exposure to carbon disulfide. The interactions between carbon disulfide and the frameworks are analyzed by in-situ infrared spectroscopy and computational modelling by density functional theory. These results reveal that both the Zr metal node and organic ligand act as the preferential binding sites and interact strongly with carbon disulfide.

Abstract A considerable concern in exploring clean, efficient, and renewable energy resources to effectively replace fossil fuels and to combat the environmental problems and energy scarcities for a sustainable future has been observed. In this context, hydrogen is a clean, renewable, energetically efficient fuel with infinite potential for the future, which can generate a large amount of energy through the electrocatalytic splitting of earth‐abundant water resources. Noble metals, owing to their extraordinary efficiency and stability, are state‐of‐the‐art catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) process. However, their scarcity and high cost hamper their commercialization. To replace these expensive noble‐metal‐based materials, researchers are extensively working on the development of cost effective, stable, conductive, and efficient non‐noble metal based materials such as transition metal oxides, borides, nitrides, sulfides, phosphides, selenides, perovskites oxides, and layered double hydroxides, where the incorporation of heteroatoms improves the electrocatalytic activity by modifying the electronic structure and enhances the conductivity and stability. In the case of transition‐metal based metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and MOF‐derived materials, the unique structure of MOFs with a high surface area and porosity, as well as rich redox chemistry of transition metals, leads to excellent response towards the OER process. Moreover, direct utilization of carbonaceous materials or making their composites with transition metals not only enhances the conductivity due to their conductive nature but also promotes stability by strongly binding with the electrocatalyst. Owing to the presence of functional groups on the surface or through different interactions, they provide multiple paths for facile electron and ion transport due to the sheet/network like structure, which help in the fine dispersion of electrocatalyst due to high surface area, prevent agglomeration, and in turn results in improved electrocatalytic activity. Besides these advances, a) there is still a need for a thorough understanding of reaction mechanism via in situ spectroscopic techniques to further optimize the composition and design of electrocatalyst to get desired results, b) the stability of the materials should be further enhanced to practically utilize synthesized material under harsh conditions without degradation, and c) the utilization of these optimized OER catalysts in a solar cell to consume solar energy (renewable energy source), remains a key requirement of the modern era.

We report a 2-D MOF nanosheets/PES-PEG mixed matrix membrane, which exhibited greatly enhanced CO 2 permeability and separation performance. [Display omitted] • The porous 2-D MOFs nanosheets were introduced into PES-g-PEG copolymer for fabricating MMMs. • The influence of the contents of 2-D MOFs nanosheets on membrane performance were discussed. • The obtained MMMs exhibited enhanced CO 2 diffusion and solubility thus efficient CO 2 separation performance. • The MOFs nanosheets improved the anti-plasticization capability and operation stability of original membrane. Polymeric materials with polyethylene glycol (PEG) which contains ether oxygen groups are utilized as CO 2 separation membranes due to the high selectivity, while suffered from low gas permeability owing to small free volume. The 2-D MOFs nanosheets showed excellent gas molecules permeance because of the unique pore structure and ultra-high specific surface with nanoscale thickness. In this work, the PES-g-PEG copolymer were prepared by thiol-ene click chemistry, the 2-D MOFs nanosheets were then introduced to fabricate MMMs. Benefitting from the effective transfer of MOFs nanosheets for CO 2 , the obtained MMMs exhibited greatly enhanced CO 2 permeability (4 times higher than original PES-g-PEG membrane) and separation performance (71.7% increase of selectivity for CO 2 /N 2 and 72.6% increase of selectivity for CO 2 /CH 4). In addition, the introduction of 2-D MOFs nanosheets also improved the anti-plasticization capability and operation stability of the original PES-G-PEG membranes, the MMMs exhibited excellent stability for CO 2 separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite membranes comprising NH2-MIL-125(Ti)/PEBAX coated on PDMS/PSf were prepared in this work, and their gas separation performance for high CO2 feed gas was investigated under various operating circumstances, such as pressure and CO2 concentration, in mixed gas conditions. The functional groups and morphology of the prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). CO2 concentration and feed gas pressure were demonstrated to have a considerable impact on the CO2 and CH4 permeance, as well as the CO2/CH4 mixed gas selectivity of the resultant membrane. As CO2 concentration was raised from 14.5 vol % to 70 vol %, a trade-off between permeance and selectivity was found, as CO2 permeance increased by 136% and CO2/CH4 selectivity reduced by 42.17%. The membrane produced in this work exhibited pressure durability up to 9 bar and adequate gas separation performance at feed gas conditions consisting of high CO2 content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • La-MOFs was prepared by adjusting ligands for fluoride removal from water. • La-BDC material exhibits a high fluoride adsorption capacity of 171.7 mg/g. • Adsorbents have excellent performance with high stability and renewability. • Adsorption mechanism is proposed as ligand exchange and coordination. • La-MOFs is a potential adsorbent for practical application. Excess fluoride in water poses a threat to ecology and human health, which has attracted global attention. In this study, a series of lanthanum-based metal–organic frameworks (La-MOFs) were synthesized by varying the organic ligands (i.e. , terephthalic acid (BDC), trimesic acid (BTC), biphenyl-4,4-dicarboxylic acid (BPDC), 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid (BHTA), and 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid (PMA)) to control the microscopic structure of the MOFs and subsequently apply them for the removal of fluoride in water. The maximum capture capacities of La-BTC, La-BPDC, La-BHTA, La-PMA, and La-BDC at 298 K are 105.2, 125.9, 145.5, 158.9, and 171.7 mg g−1, respectively. The adsorption capacity is greater than most reported adsorbents. The adsorption isotherms of La-MOFs for fluoride are well fit to the Langmuir isotherm model. In addition, the adsorption kinetics of La-BTC, La-BPDC, La-BHTA, La-PMA, and La-BDC follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the kinetic rate-limiting step of adsorption is chemical adsorption. Thermodynamics revealed that temperature is favorable for the adsorption of fluoride. Meanwhile, La-BTC, La-BPDC, La-BHTA, La-PMA, and La-BDC are suitable for the removal of fluoride in a relatively wide pH range (4.0–9.0). Simultaneously, from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, electrostatic attraction and ligand exchange are identified as the main action mechanisms for the adsorption of fluoride of La-MOFs. The prepared La-MOFs are used as efficient adsorbents for removal of fluoride in actual water, indicating that they have great potential in removing fluoride in real and complex environmental water. This work provides a new strategy for designing adsorbents with adjustable microstructure and expected function to effectively recover fluorosis in water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among various novel antimicrobial therapies, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) exhibits its advantages for the treatment of bacterial infections due to its high penetration depth and low side effects. In this study, a new nanosonosensitizer (HFH@ZIF-8) that loads sonosensitizer hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) into zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), was constructed for killing multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and treatment of in vivo infection diseases by SDT. In particular, the developed HFH@ZIF-8 exhibited enhanced water-solubility, good biocompatibility, and improved disease-targeting capability for delivering and releasing HMME and ablating the infected lesion. More importantly, the presence of oxygen-carrying hemoglobin for HFH@ZIF-8 can offer sufficient oxygen consumption by SDT, augmenting the efficacy of SDT by improving ROS generating efficiency against deep tissue multidrug-resistant bacterial infection. Therefore, this study paves a new avenue for treating infection disease, particularly for antibiotic resistant bacterial infection.

A modified Metal-Organic Framework UiO-66-NH 2 -based photocathode in a zero-gap gas phase photoelectrolyzer was applied for CO 2 reduction. Four types of porous carbon fiber layers with different wettability were employed to tailor the local environment of the cathodic surface reactions, optimizing activity and selectivity towards formate, methanol, and ethanol. Results are explained by mass transport through the different type and arrangement of carbon fiber support layers in the photocathodes and the resulting local environment at the UiO-66-NH 2 catalyst. The highest energy-to-fuel conversion efficiency of 1.06 % towards hydrocarbons was achieved with the most hydrophobic carbon fiber (H23C2). The results are a step further in understanding how the design and composition of the photoelectrodes in photoelectrochemical electrolyzers can impact the CO 2 reduction efficiency and selectivity., (© 2024 The Authors. ChemSusChem published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Traditional electromagnetic absorbing materials (EWAMs) are usually single functions and can easily affect their performance in diverse application scenarios. Effective integration of EWAMs into multiple function components is a valuable strategy to achieve maximum absorption and multifunction performance while maintaining their indispensable physical and chemical properties. In this work, the polyoxometalates (POMs) serving as "guests" are embedded within the Co-MOFs to construct 3d/4d-bimetallic based crystalline precursors of dielectric/magnetic synergistic system. The proper pyrolysis temperature induced the homogeneously distributed metallic Co and MoC x hetero-units into carbon matrix with modified porous defect engineering to enhance electromagnetic wave (EW). Owing to the brilliant synergistic effect of polarization, magnetic loss, and impedance matching, the superior RL min of -47.72 dB at 11.76 GHz at the thickness of 2.0 mm and a wide adequate absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.58 GHz (7.44-12.02 GHz) covered the whole X-band at the thickness of 2.5 mm for η-MoC/Co@NC-800 are observed. More importantly, the resulting MoC x hybrid polyimide (MCP) aerogel exhibits desirable properties such as structural robustness, nonflammability, excellent thermal insulation, and self-cleaning capabilities that are comparable to those of commercially available products. This work offers inspiration and strategy for creating multipurpose microwave absorbers with intricate structural designs., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

The third generation of metal‐organic frameworks responds to the advent of a guest molecule and on the application of external stimuli such as temperature, light, mechanical stress, and pressure. They are used in separation, sensing, drug delivery, gas storage, catalysis, etc due to their ability to make adjustments in their pore size. This review covers the basic details of flexible MOFs such as synthesis, recent approaches in controlling flexibility, and some applications in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The new FeS 2 /N-C nanoparticles are synthesized by calcination strategy from NH 2 -MIL-101 prepared by solvothermal method. • The electrodes have superior cycling stability and high reversible capacity due to the special morphology and N-doped. • This work reveals the effect of N-doped and MOF synthesis time on transition metal sulfides. Among multitudinous lithium storage electrode materials, transition metal sulfides have attracted widespread attention because of high theoretical capacity and wide availability. However, these anodes still suffer poor capacity retention and limited cycle life. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are important precursors for fabricating functional materials for energy conversion and storage. A study of their derivatization process is of great significance for the design of materials with specific functional properties. In this paper, a new FeS 2 /N-C nanoparticle is synthesized by calcination strategy from NH 2 -MIL-101 prepared by solvothermal method. Due to the coordination effect of nitrogen-doped carbon and special particle morphology, the synthesized FeS 2 /N-C nanoparticles have superior cycling stability and high reversible capacity. This work provides a better understanding of the carbonization process of MOFs and reveals the effect of N-doped and MOF synthesis time on transition metal sulfides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased levels of heavy metals (HMs) in aquatic environments poses serious health and ecological concerns. Hence, several approaches have been proposed to eliminate/reduce the levels of HMs before the discharge/reuse of HMs-contaminated waters. Adsorption is one of the most attractive processes for water decontamination; however, the efficiency of this process greatly depends on the choice of adsorbent. Therefore, the key aim of this article is to review the progress in the development and application of different classes of conventional and emerging adsorbents for the abatement of HMs from contaminated waters. Adsorbents that are based on activated carbon, natural materials, microbial, clay minerals, layered double hydroxides (LDHs), nano-zerovalent iron (nZVI), graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), metal organic frameworks (MOFs), and zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are critically reviewed, with more emphasis on the last four adsorbents and their nanocomposites since they have the potential to significantly boost the HMs removal efficiency from contaminated waters. Furthermore, the optimal process conditions to achieve efficient performance are discussed. Additionally, adsorption isotherm, kinetics, thermodynamics, mechanisms, and effects of varying adsorption process parameters have been introduced. Moreover, heavy metal removal driven by other processes such as oxidation, reduction, and precipitation that might concurrently occur in parallel with adsorption have been reviewed. The application of adsorption for the treatment of real wastewater has been also reviewed. Finally, challenges, limitations and potential areas for improvements in the adsorptive removal of HMs from contaminated waters are identified and discussed. Thus, this article serves as a comprehensive reference for the recent developments in the field of adsorptive removal of heavy metals from wastewater. The proposed future research work at the end of this review could help in addressing some of the key limitations facing this technology, and create a platform for boosting the efficiency of the adsorptive removal of heavy metals. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alixandra Wagner,1,* Qian Liu,1,* Olivia L Rose,1,* Anna Eden,1 Aishwarya Vijay,1 Yon Rojanasakul,2 Cerasela Zoica Dinu1 1Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; 2Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown WV 26506, USA*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Cerasela Zoica DinuDepartment of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Benjamin, PO Box 6102, Morgantown, WV 26506, USATel +1 304 293 9338Fax +1 304 293 4139Email cerasela-zoica.dinu@mail.wvu.eduIntroduction: The flexibility and tunability of metal organic frameworks (MOFs), crystalline porous materials composed of a network of metal ions coordinated by organic ligands, confer their variety of applications as drug delivery systems or as sensing and imaging agents. However, such properties also add to the difficulty in ensuring their safe implementation when interaction with biological systems is considered.Methods: In the current study, we used real-time sensorial strategies and cellular-based approaches to allow for fast and effective screening of two MOFs of prevalent use, namely, MIL-160 representative of a hydrophilic and ZIF-8 representative of a hydrophobic framework. The two MOFs were synthesized “in house” and exposed to human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells, a pertinent toxicological screening model.Results: Analysis allowed evaluation and differentiation of particle-induced cellular effects as well identification of different degrees and routes of toxicity, all in a high-throughput manner. Our results show the importance of performing screening toxicity assessments before introducing MOFs to biomedical applications.Discussion: Our proposed screening assays could be extended to a wider variety of cell lines to allow for identification of any deleterious effects of MOFs, with the range of toxic mechanisms to be differentiated based on cell viability, morphology and cell–substrate interactions, respectively.Conclusion: Our analysis highlights the importance of considering the physicochemical properties of MOFs when recommending a MOF-based therapeutic option or MOFs implementation in biomedical applications.Keywords: metal organic frameworks, real-time assay, high-throughput assessment

Secondary Zn‐air batteries (ZABs) are recognized as one of the most promising power sources for the future with lucrative features of low cost, high energy density, eco‐friendliness, and high safety. However, the widespread implementation of ZABs is still hampered by the sluggish oxygen redox reactions. Thus the deployment of cost‐effective and highly efficient air electrodes to substitute precious metals (Pt/Ir), is highly challenging, however, highly desired. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are emerging functional materials, which demonstrate several outstanding characteristics, such as high specific surface area, high conductivity, self‐doped N, open pore structure, versatile compositions and favourable chemical stability. Through varying the metal/organic moiety or by employing different synthesis protocols, ZIFs with different properties could be obtained. Being adaptable, desired functionalities may be further incorporated into ZIFs through pre‐treatment, in situ treatment, and post treatment. Thus, ZIFs are the ideal precursors for the preparation of variety of bi‐functional air electrodes for ZABs by materials tuning, morphological control, or by materials hybridization. Here, the recent advances of ZIFs‐based materials are critically surveyed from the perspective of synthesis, morphology, structure and properties, and correlated with performance indicators of ZABs. Finally, the major challenges and future prospects of ZIFs associated with ZABs are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to unique properties, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted great research attention towards sustainable energy and environmental remediation. In this article, highly efficient TiO2@Ti(BTC) and TiO2/Ag2O@Ti(BTC) composites have been synthesized via in-situ incorporation of pre-synthesized TiO2 and TiO2/Ag2O into Ti-based MOF Ti(BTC) via facile refluxed method. All the synthesized samples have been successfully characterized by PXRD, SEM, EDX and UV-Visible spectroscopy. All these samples are used for study the photodegradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. It has been found that incorporation of TiO2 NPs and TiO2/Ag2O nanocomposite into Ti(BTC) shifts the band gap towards more visible region, elevates the yield of O2∙– and OH∙– radicals and enhances the photodegradation efficiency of methylene blue in the presence of visible light. Amongst all the synthesized samples, TiO2/Ag2O@Ti(BTC) shows maximum photocatalytic activity towards photodegradation of methylene blue as compared to all other synthesized samples. It is observed that after 60 min, TiO2/Ag2O@Ti(BTC) shows minimum absorption of 0.02 as compared to TiO2 (0.17), TiO2/Ag2O (0.052), Ti(BTC) (0.32) and TiO2@Ti(BTC) (0.21). It reveals that methylene blue has been successfully degraded by synthesized samples and maximum activity has been shown by TiO2/Ag2O@Ti(BTC). Further, electrochemical water splitting activity of these samples has been studied. It has been found that TiO2/Ag2O@Ti(BTC) shows maximum catalytic activity towards both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). It generates maximum current density 97.15 and − 110 mA cm−2 towards both OER and HER, respectively, as compared to all other samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are formed by self-assembly of metal ions and organic ligands. A special type of MOF called ZIF-8, which is formed by self-assembly of zinc ions and 2-methylimidazole, shows excellent stability in aqueous solutions and disintegrates under acidic conditions. These properties make ZIF-8 a suitable carrier material for pH-stimulated drug delivery systems. Glabridin is an isoflavane compound that is widely present in the roots of licorice. Because of its outstanding skin whitening properties, glabridin is widely used as a whitener in the cosmetics industry. In this study, ZIF-8 was employed to encapsulate glabridin. Glabridin-loaded ZIF-8 was successfully prepared with a drug encapsulation efficiency of 98.67%. The prepared sample showed a fusiform or cruciate flower-like structure, and its size was about 3 μm. ZIF-8 enabled pH-controlled release of glabridin. Moreover, ZIF-8 encapsulation significantly enhanced the intracellular anti-oxidant activity and melanogenesis inhibitory activity of glabridin. This study provides a new approach that shows great potential to improve the biological application of glabridin.

Two new isostructural porous coordination polymers (CPs) were obtained under solvothermal reaction conditions using 2,5‐dihydroxy‐p‐benzoquinone (H2DHBQ) or 1,2,4,5‐tetrahydroxybenzene (H4THB) as linker molecule and Zr4+ or Hf4+ salts. Highly crystalline compounds with composition [M2(μ‐OH)2(DHBQ)3]·xH2O (M = Zr4+ or Hf4+, x = 0–3.6/3.3) were found in a wide temperature range (120–200 °C) and a reaction time of 70 h. The crystal structures were determined ab initio from powder X‐ray diffraction data and the oxidation state of the linker was confirmed spectroscopically. The dinuclear inorganic building unit M2O14 is new for Zr‐ and Hf‐CPs. For both compounds a full characterization was carried out, i.e. crystal structure determination, spectroscopic measurements, elemental‐ and thermogravimetric analyses. [M2(OH)2(DHBQ)3] (M = Zr4+ or Hf4+) is stable up to 250 and 220 °C, respectively. Water sorption measurements proofed an uptake of 3.6 mol H2O per mol and 3.3 mol H2O per mol, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two‐dimensional (2D) metal organic frameworks (MOFs), are an emerging class of layered nanomaterials with well‐defined structure and modular composition. The unique pore structure, high flexibility, tunability, and ability to introduce desired functionality within the structural framework, have led to potential use of MOFs in biomedical applications. This article critically reviews the application of 2D MOFs for therapeutic delivery, tissue engineering, bioimaging, and biosensing. Further, discussion on the challenges and strategies in next generation of 2D MOFs are also included. This article is categorized under:Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Complete reduction of CuII to highly dispersive CuI was achieved on MIL-101. • Both cobalt doping and keeping metal sites at the interior of MIL-101 facilitate the dispersion and reduction. • CuCoM-DS adsorbents show superior performances in C 2 H 4 /C 2 H 6 separation to MIL-101, CuCoM-WI, CuCoM-SG and CuM-DS. Adsorbents based on CuI for π-complexative separation of C 2 H 4 /C 2 H 6 have attracted widespread interests. However, they are still confronting some challenges, for example, (i) a low separation efficiency, resulted from the ineffective reduction of CuII to CuI along with aggregation, and (ii) poor stability due to the oxidation of CuI to inactive CuII. In this study, active Cu and auxiliary Co species are simultaneously encapsulated within the nanopores of MIL-101 using a double-solvent (DS) method to obtain CuCoM-DS. The Cu species at the interior of MIL-101 are homogeneously dispersed and can be completely reduced to CuI without any structural damage to MIL-101. The resulting CuCoM-DS exhibits a superior performance in C 2 H 4 /C 2 H 6 separation not only to the pristine MIL-101, but to the counterpart samples of single Cu and/or Cu/Co at the exterior of MIL-101. The best sample of 1.5CuCoM-DS adsorbent is capable to adsorb 50.5 mL·g−1 of C 2 H 4 , and the C 2 H 4 /C 2 H 6 selectivity is 2.6 at 100 kPa. Both C 2 H 4 uptake and C 2 H 4 /C 2 H 6 selectivity are higher than those reference samples. Moreover, 1.5CuCoM-DS preserves over 90% of fresh C 2 H 4 uptake after the exposure to atmospheric air for 12 days. This study provides new design ideas for confining bimetallic sites in MOFs for broad applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A considerable concern in exploring clean, efficient, and renewable energy resources to effectively replace fossil fuels and to combat the environmental problems and energy scarcities for a sustainable future has been observed. In this context, hydrogen is a clean, renewable, energetically efficient fuel with infinite potential for the future, which can generate a large amount of energy through the electrocatalytic splitting of earth‐abundant water resources. Noble metals, owing to their extraordinary efficiency and stability, are state‐of‐the‐art catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) process. However, their scarcity and high cost hamper their commercialization. To replace these expensive noble‐metal‐based materials, researchers are extensively working on the development of cost effective, stable, conductive, and efficient non‐noble metal based materials such as transition metal oxides, borides, nitrides, sulfides, phosphides, selenides, perovskites oxides, and layered double hydroxides, where the incorporation of heteroatoms improves the electrocatalytic activity by modifying the electronic structure and enhances the conductivity and stability. In the case of transition‐metal based metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and MOF‐derived materials, the unique structure of MOFs with a high surface area and porosity, as well as rich redox chemistry of transition metals, leads to excellent response towards the OER process. Moreover, direct utilization of carbonaceous materials or making their composites with transition metals not only enhances the conductivity due to their conductive nature but also promotes stability by strongly binding with the electrocatalyst. Owing to the presence of functional groups on the surface or through different interactions, they provide multiple paths for facile electron and ion transport due to the sheet/network like structure, which help in the fine dispersion of electrocatalyst due to high surface area, prevent agglomeration, and in turn results in improved electrocatalytic activity. Besides these advances, a) there is still a need for a thorough understanding of reaction mechanism via in situ spectroscopic techniques to further optimize the composition and design of electrocatalyst to get desired results, b) the stability of the materials should be further enhanced to practically utilize synthesized material under harsh conditions without degradation, and c) the utilization of these optimized OER catalysts in a solar cell to consume solar energy (renewable energy source), remains a key requirement of the modern era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]