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Objective:In this study, we aimed to evaluate coexistent allergic conjunctivitis with allergic rhinitis in Van province and the patients’ quality of life in this region.Methods:A total of 94 patients who were admitted to the Otorhinolaryngology Clinics of Van Province Training and Research Hospital and Erciş State Hospital were included in this study. All patients underwent an ophthalmologic evaluation for coexistent allergic conjunctivitis. Moreover, allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis symptom scoring was applied to all patients. The rhinoconjunctivitis quality-of-life scale (RQLQ) was used to assess quality of life in all patients.Results:Mean total symptom score was found to be 12.1±4.2. In 37.2% of patients, coexistent allergic conjunctivitis was diagnosed. Scores of RQLQ sleep, non-hay fever complaints, nasal and ophthalmic complaints, and restricted activities were significantly higher in the group with coexistent allergic conjunctivitis than in the group with no allergic conjunctivitis.Conclusion:Patients with allergic rhinitis must be evaluated by taking the places where they live into account. It is crucial that the treatment procedures of particularly patients with ophthalmic complaints should be planned after they are examined by an ophthalmologist. It should be kept in mind that patients with allergic rhinitis must also be examined by a psychiatrist when necessary.

Study aim(s): The aim of the study was a biomechanical analysis of the angular degrees of the hip angle, shoulder angle, clinical hip angle, and clinical shoulder angle at five stages of the FTP test. Methods: The study includes 8 male mountain cycling athletes aged 14-16 years old. Sample size sufficiency was tested using the G*Power program. Performance measure and evaluation tests; clinical hip angle, clinical shoulder angle, hip angle degree, shoulder angle, and the FTP test-were applied. For the data analysis of the variables, the Kinovea-0.9.4-x64.exe program was used. Repeated Measure ANOVA and Pairwise Comparison Analysis were used. Results: Differences of the back curves and clinical hip and shoulder angle degrees in different stages of the FTP test were found to be statistically significant between and within groups (p<0.05). However, there were no statistically significant changes in clinical shoulder angle degrees during the different stages of the FTP test or between groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: During the execution of the FTP test, clinical hip and shoulder angles increased, and it was accompanied by back curve increases. To avoid injury risk, back pain, and delayed fatigue, it is necessary to develop flexibility and mobility of the hips and force of the erector muscles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a common surgery for patients with degenerative cervical disease and current interbody spacers utilized vary based on material composition, structure, and angle of lordosis. Currently, there is a lack of literature comparing subsidence rates or long-term radiographic outcomes with hyperlordotic and standard lordotic spacers. This study compares long-term radiographic outcomes, subsidence rate, and rate of fusion in patients who underwent ACDF with hyperlordotic or standard interbody placement. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent 1–3-level ACDF with either a standard lordosis or hyperlordotic interbody were included. Standard radiographs were evaluated for C2–7 lordosis (CL), sagittal vertical axis, C2 slope (C2S), T1 slope (T1S), subsidence rate, and fusion. Results: Forty-five patients underwent ACDF with hyperlordotic interbody placement and after a 1:1 propensity match with standard lordotic patients, 90 patients were included. 1-year postoperative radiographs demonstrated the hyperlordotic cohort achieved higher CL (15.3° ± 10.6° vs. 9.58° ± 8.88°; P = 0.007). The change in CL (8.42° ± 9.42° vs. 0.94° ± 8.67°; P < 0.001), change in C2S (−4.02° ± 6.68° vs. −1.11° ± 5.42°; P = 0.026), and change in T1S (3.49° ± 7.30° vs. 0.04° ± 6.86°, P = 0.008) between pre- and postoperative imaging were larger in the hyperlordotic cohort. There was no difference in overall subsidence (P = 0.183) and rate of fusion (P = 0.353) between the cohorts. Conclusion: Hyperlordotic spacer placement in ACDF can provide increased CL compared to standard lordosis spacers, which can be considered for patients requiring restoration or maintenance of CL following ACDF.

Background According to the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) Year 2 questionnaire, the percentage of students using online medical education videos (Boards and Beyond®Sketchy Medical®, Youtube) at least once per week increased from 47.7% (2015) to 70.1% (2022). Transition to virtual learning in 2020 fostered a greater reliance on these online third-party resources (i.e., educational tools distinct from formal medical curriculum), yet existing literature have rarely evaluated their efficacy. As students in this landscape, we aimed to review the usage, efficacy, and drawbacks of third-party resources and their financial burden on students. Methods Four authors searched PubMed from June-July 2023 using the search terms “prevalence,” “efficacy,” and “disparities introduced by third-party board preparation resources.” All peer-reviewed articles in English were evaluated. No inclusion or exclusion criteria were implemented. References were mined for additional results, per the discretion of each reviewer. Results 31 studies were examined for common themes and findings to provide a snapshot of the existing literature. Studies suggest third-party resources are used in a task-dependent manner with a supplemental role to lectures during the preclinical years and a primary role for United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) preparation during clinical years. Medical students access these resources to perform well on board exams, prompted by studies demonstrating their efficacy in increasing USMLE Step 1 scores. Though certain resources have been frequently cited for improving board performance (e.g., First Aid, UWorld), students combine multiple third-party resources to best serve their preparation. Subscription-pricing of most third-party resources and 12-month access prices range from $100 to $479. Conclusion Third-party resource use may contribute to an increased financial strain on students. This, coupled with overwhelming medical student debt, may exacerbate socioeconomic disparities in medical education. Institutions should evaluate third-party resource use among students and consider provisions to increase access to them.

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AIM:To analyze the surgical results of a slipped medial rectus muscle (MRM) after hang back recession surgery for esotropia.METHODS:Twenty-one patients who underwent re-exploration for diagnosed slipped muscle after hang back recession surgery were included in this retrospective study. Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging was performed to identify the location of the slipped muscle. Ocular motility was evaluated with assessment with prism and cover test in gaze at cardinal positions. The operations were performed by the same consultant. Intraoperative forced duction test was performed under general anesthesia. The empty sheath of the slipped MRM was resected and the muscle was advanced to the original insertion site in all patients.RESULTS:The average age of 21 patients who hadconsecutive exotropia with a slipped MRM at the time of presentation was 17.4±5.4y (5-50y). The average duration between the first operation and the diagnosis of the slipped muscle was 25mo (12 to 36mo). The mean follow up after the corrective surgery was 28mo. The mean preoperative adduction limitation in the field of action of the slipped muscle was -2.26 (ranging from -1 to -4). All patients had full adduction postoperatively.CONCLUSION:The diagnosis of the slipped muscle should be confirmed during the strabismus surgery. The slipped muscle may be caused due to insufficient suture and excessive rubbing of the eye. When divergent strabismus is observed after the recession of the MRM, a slipped muscle should be considered in the differential diagnosis.