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Elyas Adamsu Basha,1 Bethelehem Taye Mengistu,1 Nigus Alemnew Engidaw,1 Abate Dargie Wubetu,1 Assalif Beyene Haile2 1Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; 2Department of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Elyas Adamsu Basha Tel +251 911057308Email admasu.elias5@gmail.comBackground: Suicidal ideation is thinking about suicide/serving as the agent of one’s own death. Patients with a major depressive disorder are the highest group which are affected by suicidal ideation. It is a pre-condition for suicide attempts and to commit suicide among major depressive patients. Suicidal behavior and major depressive disorder have been becoming the main attention in recent years. In Ethiopia, there is limited knowledge of suicidal ideation among major depressive disorder patients and the factors of suicidal ideation are also limited.Objective: This study assessed the prevalence of suicidal ideation and its associated factors among major depressive disorder patients at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1– 30, 2019. A total of 337 major depressive disorder patients were successfully interviewed using structured and pre-tested questionnaires. A systematic random sampling technique was applied. Logistic regression was applied to identify factors of suicidal ideation. Statistical significance was considered at P-value < 0.05.Results: In this study, the prevalence of suicidal ideation among major depressive disorder patients was 48.4%. Being female (AOR 2.4, 95% CI=1.40, 4.25), family history of suicide (AOR 3.2, 95% CI=1.26, 8.11), and having poor social support (AOR 4.2, 95% CI=2.29, 7.59) were significantly associated with suicidal ideation among patients with major depressive disorder.Conclusion: The prevalence of suicidal ideation among major depressive disorder patients was relatively high. Hence, due attention should be given to the screening of suicidal ideation for all patients with major depressive disorder to initiate timely interventions.Keywords: major depressive disorder, suicidal ideation, Amanuel Mental Hospital, Ethiopia

Background: Depression is a significant public health concern in both developed and developing countries. The burden of depression is particularly high among patients with chronic illnesses in developing countries, creating a dual challenge for both patients and the community. However, depression goes undiagnosed in 50%-75% of patients with chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus. Additionally, there is limited information about the prevalence of depression among diabetic patients in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression among type 2 diabetic patients in Ethiopia., Method: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 376 randomly selected type 2 diabetic patients. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and from patients' follow-up records. The data were entered into EpiData version 4.6 and analyzed using STATA 14. Bivariable and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify associated factors. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.25 in the bivariable analysis were selected for multivariate logistic regression. Model fitness was assessed using Hosmer-Lemeshow's test, and associations were reported using adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals., Results: In this study, the prevalence of depression among type 2 diabetic patients was found to be 69.72% (95% CI: 64.75, 74.27). Three factors were significantly associated with depression in these patients: the duration of diabetes mellitus since diagnosis [AOR: 1.17; 95% CI (1.02, 1.34)], glycaemic control [AOR: 1.8; 95% CI (1.09, 3.01)] and cigarette smoking [AOR: 2.18; 95% CI (1.07, 4.46)]., Conclusion: The prevalence of depression among type 2 diabetic patients was high. The Federal Ministry of Health, stakeholders, and the Ethiopian Diabetes Association should collaborate to reduce this burden. Mental health assessment and treatment should be integrated into chronic care follow-up services. Additionally, healthcare providers should closely monitor and counsel patients who smoke and those with poor glycemic control., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Dukato, Beyamo, Habte Hailegebireal, Teklehaimanot, Ayfokru, Alemnew, Birhanu Abate, Abemie, Mengistu, Ayehu Dessie, Mengstie and Girma.)

Objective: To assess the magnitude of diabetic health literacy (DHL) and associated factors among diabetes patients attending follow-up at public hospitals in Northeastern Ethiopia., Design: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 24 May to 24 June 2022., Setting: Diabetic clinics of four public hospitals in Northeastern Ethiopia., Participants: 611 adult diabetes patients who have been undergoing follow-up care for at least 6 months were systematically selected. Patients who were unable to communicate, were critically ill and with gestational diabetes mellitus were excluded from the study., Outcomes: DHL was assessed using a 15-item tool developed from existing literature., Results: Of all the participants, 300 (49.1%) had low, 174 (28.5%) moderate and 137 (22.4%) had high DHL levels. The significant factors impacting DHL included age ( < 40 years old: AOR=3.48, 95% CI=2.11-5.77; 40-60 years: AOR=2.79, 95% CI=1.75-4.46), low education (AOR=0.29, 95% CI=0.16-0.56 for those who can't read and write; AOR=0.41, 95% CI=0.23-0.74 for those who can read and write; AOR=0.45, 95% CI=0.27-0.76 for primary education), exposure to diabetic education (AOR=1.84, 95% CI=1.31-2.58), having ≥2 information sources (AOR=2.28, 95% CI=1.57-3.32), moderate social support (AOR=1.94, 95% CI=1.32-2.87), strong social support (AOR=2.73, 95% CI=1.75-4.26) and urban residence (AOR=1.65, 95% CI=1.14-2.39)., Conclusion: The study showed that less than a quarter of the patients have high DHL, with almost half having low levels of DHL. Tailoring health education programmes to diverse educational levels, incorporating multiple information sources and fostering social support networks could enhance DHL., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)