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34. Soft Wearable Rehabilitation Robots with Artificial Muscles based on Smart Materials: A Review.

Author

Gonzalez-Vazquez, Alberto, Garcia, Lorenzo, Kilby, Jeff, and McNair, Peter

Abstract

Wearables robots have gained attention for the rehabilitation of people with physical disabilities. However, the current technology relies on heavy and bulky actuation components, making it hard to use outside clinical settings. Artificial muscles based on smart materials are trending for soft wearable rehabilitation robots as they present advantages of compliance, are lightweight, and do not require external components. Nevertheless, they present challenges that remain unresolved, preventing widespread adoption. This work reviews the current state of soft wearable rehabilitation robots with artificial muscles based on smart materials (AMSMs). A literature search is conducted utilizing Web of Science and Scopus. Based on the inclusion–exclusion criteria, 15 devices are found using four different smart materials. This study attempts to provide an insight into the distinct biomechanical requirements, the use of smart materials, their limitations, their designs, and possible future research directions, which can provide helpful guidance on the implementation and development of advanced soft wearable rehabilitation robots with AMSMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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50. Public hospital admissions for treating complications of clinical care: incidence, costs and funding strategy

Author

McNair, Peter, Jackson, Terri, and Borovnicar, Daniel

Subjects
Hospital utilization -- Comparative analysis, Medical care, Cost of -- Comparative analysis, Hospitals -- Admission and discharge, Hospitals -- Comparative analysis, Health
Abstract

Objective: To quantify the frequency of, and the costs and payments associated with, admissions for treatment of injuries and illnesses that are consequences of care. Data sources: Routinely-coded 2005/06 public hospital inpatient data from Victoria, Australia (1.25 million admissions) and corresponding patient-level cost data (1.04 million admissions). Payments reflected DRG-based prospective rates. Study design: Retrospective analysis of admissions with principal diagnoses that specify adverse events arising as a direct consequence of healthcare. Results: 1.5% (15,336) of the costed admissions specifically treat an injury or illness arising from medical or surgical care, consuming 2.74% of hospital prospective payments and representing $89.3 m (2.84%) of total reported costs. 1.4% (17,429) of all public hospital admissions and 2.82% of hospital prospective payments (estimated cost-$101.5 m per year) are committed to treating complications of care. Private residences or aged care facilities are the source of 84.9% (14,804) of these admissions. Inpatient death was the outcome in 0.7% (118) of these admissions. Implications: Admissions for treating complications of care represent a small, relatively expensive, proportion of hospital admissions, which account for disproportionate levels of hospital costs and funding. A policy option providing incentives to reduce the incidence and costs of complications arising from care includes allocating all costs arising from transferred (re)admissions back to the original episode of care and developing a suite of specific DRGs to fund admissions for treatment of complications. Key words: Hospital costs, complications, treatment outcome, quality of care. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.2010.00536.x

Published
2010

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