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Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disease characterized by articular cartilage degradation. Persistent low-grade inflammation defines OA pathogenesis, with crucial involvement of pro-inflammatory M1-like macrophages. While mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and their small extracellular vesicles (sEV) hold promise for OA treatment, achieving consistent clinical-grade sEV products remains a significant challenge. This study aims to develop fully characterized, reproducible, clinical-grade batches of sEV derived from umbilical cord (UC)-MSC for the treatment of OA while assessing its efficacy and safety. Initially, a standardized, research-grade manufacturing protocol was established to ensure consistent sEV production. UC-MSC-sEV characterization under non-cGMP conditions showed consistent miRNA and protein profiles, suggesting their potential for standardized manufacturing. In vitro studies evaluated the efficacy, safety, and potency of sEV; animal studies confirmed their effectiveness and safety. In vitro, UC-MSC-sEV polarized macrophages to an anti-inflammatory M2b-like phenotype, through STAT1 modulation, indicating their potential to create an anti-inflammatory environment in the affected joints. In silico studies confirmed sEV's immunosuppressive signature through miRNA and proteome analysis. In an OA mouse model, sEV injected intra-articularly (IA) induced hyaline cartilage regeneration, validated by histological and μCT analyses. The unique detection of sEV signals within the knee joint over time highlights its safety profile by confirming the retention of sEV in the joint. The product development of UC-MSC-sEV involved refining, standardizing, and validating processes in compliance with GMP standards. The initial assessment of the safety of the clinical-grade product via IA administration in a first-in-human study showed no adverse effects after a 12 month follow-up period. These results support the progress of this sEV-based therapy in an early-phase clinical trial, the details of which are presented and discussed in this work. This study provides data on using UC-MSC-sEV as local therapy for OA, highlighting their regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties and safety in preclinical and a proof-of-principle clinical application. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Background To assess the effect of a commercial artificial intelligence (AI) solution implementation in the emergency department on clinical outcomes in a single level 1 trauma center. Methods A retrospective cohort study for two time periods—pre-AI (1.1.2017–1.1.2018) and post-AI (1.1.2019–1.1.2020)—in a level 1 trauma center was performed. The ICH algorithm was applied to 587 consecutive patients with a confirmed diagnosis of ICH on head CT upon admission to the emergency department. Study variables included demographics, patient outcomes, and imaging data. Participants admitted to the emergency department during the same time periods for other acute diagnoses (ischemic stroke (IS) and myocardial infarction (MI)) served as control groups. Primary outcomes were 30- and 120-day all-cause mortality. The secondary outcome was morbidity based on Modified Rankin Scale for Neurologic Disability (mRS) at discharge. Results Five hundred eighty-seven participants (289 pre-AI—age 71 ± 1, 169 men; 298 post-AI—age 69 ± 1, 187 men) with ICH were eligible for the analyzed period. Demographics, comorbidities, Emergency Severity Score, type of ICH, and length of stay were not significantly different between the two time periods. The 30- and 120-day all-cause mortality were significantly reduced in the post-AI group when compared to the pre-AI group (27.7% vs 17.5%; p = 0.004 and 31.8% vs 21.7%; p = 0.017, respectively). Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge was significantly reduced post-AI implementation (3.2 vs 2.8; p = 0.044). Conclusion The added value of this study emphasizes the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) computer-aided triage and prioritization software in an emergent care setting that demonstrated a significant reduction in a 30- and 120-day all-cause mortality and morbidity for patients diagnosed with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Along with mortality rates, the AI software was associated with a significant reduction in the Modified Ranking Scale (mRs).

Introduction: Pulmonary opacities in COVID-19 increase throughout the illness and peak after ten days. The radiological literature mainly focuses on CT findings. The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of chest radiographs (CXR) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at presentation. Methods: We retrospectively identified consecutive reverse transcription polymerase reaction-confirmed COVID-19 patients (n = 104, 75% men) and patients (n = 75, 51% men) with repeated negative severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) tests. Two radiologists blindly and independently reviewed the CXRs, documented findings, assigned radiographic assessment of lung edema (RALE) scores, and predicted the patients’ COVID-19 status. We calculated interobserver reliability. The score use for diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19 was evaluated with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: The overall RALE score failed to identify COVID-19 patients at presentation. However, the score was inversely correlated with a COVID-19 diagnosis within ≤2 days, and a positive correlation was found six days after symptom onset.Interobserver agreement with regard to separating normal from abnormal CXRs was moderate (k = 0.408) with low specificity (25% and 27%). Definite pleural effusion had almost perfect agreement (k = 0.833) and substantially reduced the odds of a COVID-19 diagnosis. Disease distribution and experts’ opinion on COVID-19 status had only fair interobserver agreement. The RALE score interobserver reliability was moderate to good (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.745). A high RALE score predicted a poor outcome (intensive care unit hospitalization, intubation, or death) in COVID-19 patients; a score of ≥5 substantially increased the odds of having a poor outcome. Conclusion: Chest radiography was found not to be a valid diagnostic tool for COVID-19, as normal or near-normal CXRs are more likely early in the disease course. Pleural effusions at presentation suggest a diagnosis other than COVID-19. More extensive lung opacities at presentation are associated with poor outcome in COVID-19 patients. Thus, patients with more than minimal opacities should be monitored closely for clinical deterioration. This clinical application of CXR is its greatest strength in COVID-19 as it impacts patient care.

Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) is a native species widely found on highways margins, however, cutting practices are necessary, which increase the maintenance cost, being an alternative, the use of growth regulators, such as Paclobutrazol. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the use of Paclobutrazol doses as growth regulator in Bahiagrass. The turf was implanted in black plastic containers (8.46 L), previously prepared with the mixture of soil + sand + organic compost (1:1:1). The experimental design was completely randomized, composed of 3 doses of Paclobutrazol [1.1 and 2.2 kg a.i. (active ingredient) ha-1 + control (0 kg a.i. ha-1)], in four applications of 2 L of syrup per container, thus forming a factorial 3x4 (doses x response time) with 3 repetitions. The fresh and dry mass, relative chlorophyll index, leaf N and the visual aspect of the green cover rate were evaluated on four different dates. It was observed that the product controlled the growth of the lawn, with less production of fresh and dry mass, and increase of the relative index of chlorophyll and concentration of leaf nitrogen; however, it decreased turfgrass density of green mass, which influenced the visual lawn aspect. Thus, Paclobutrazol controlled Bahiagrass growth at a dose of 2.2 Kg a.i. ha-1 in regular applications of 30 to 45 days, however it affected the density and consequently the aesthetics of the turfgrass.

‘Barazur’ or DiscoveryTM (Cynodon dactylon) is a new variety of Bermuda grass that has slow vertical growth and a bluish-green colour, and the use of sewage sludge in implantation of this species may be an alternative for its sustainable cultivation, without need for chemical fertilizers. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the influence of sewage sludge compound on colour and development of Bermuda grass DiscoveryTM. The experiment was conducted in the field with sod implanted in black plastic containers (volume 8.46 L) filled with soil + sand (1:1) and added different dosages of sludge compost, being: 0 g L -1 (control), 30 g L-1, 60 g L-1 and 120 g L-1. Digital image analysis, fresh and dry leaf mass, Nitrogen leaf and Nitrogen leaf accumulation were evaluated. It was observed that the sewage sludge influenced on turfgrass colouring and development, where 30 g L-1 showed excellent results for colouring with less mass production and N accumulation than the highest dose, showing that this treatment is sufficient for lawn development, without the need of using higher concentrations of compound. It is concluded that the use of composted sewage sludge at a dose of 30 g L-1 is recommended for use in implantation of Bermuda grass DiscoveryTM.

Mowing is a fundamental management for turfgrass development. However, this operation has a higher cost, requiring alternatives to mechanical handling, such as growth regulators use. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the use of paclobutrazol and phenoxaprope-P-ethyl as growth regulators in Carpet grass Plus®. The experiment was performed in full sun, in the northwest region of São Paulo state, from January to March 2020. The grass used was planted in black plastic containers (50 x 17 cm, with a height of 15 cm, totalling 11 L of volume), previously prepared with a mixture of soil + sand (2:1). The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of two doses of paclobutrazol (1.0 and 2.0 mL L-1) + control and two doses of phenoxaprope-P-ethyl (6.25 and 12.5 µL L-1) + control. Leaf chlorophyll index, digital image analysis and fresh leaf mass were evaluated. It was observed that for Carpet grass Plus®, there was paclobutrazol effect when used as a growth regulator, with the recommended dose of 2 ml L-1 due to its residual effect up to 35 days in reducing fresh mass, without changing the concentration of leaf chlorophyll and green colour. Phenoxaprope-P-ethyl, on the other hand, had an effect as a growth regulator for the studied species, when used in the dose of 6.25 µL L-1.

For the implantation of a coffee tree crop, aiming at a high yield, each cultivar, depending on the plant distribution and density, can express differently its results. This study aimed to evaluate the yield potential and grain quality of Arabica coffee cultivars grown under different spacings between rows and between plants. A randomized block design was used, with three replications, in a split-split-plot scheme, being the plots three coffee cultivars (Obatã IAC-1669-20, Tupi IAC-1669-33 and Catuaí Vermelho IAC-144), four spacings between rows (1.8 m, 2.0 m, 2.5 m and 3.0 m) and four spacings between plants in the row (0.5 m, 0.7 m, 0.8 m and 1.0 m), totaling 48 treatments. The type of coffee bean (flat, peaberry and elephant) and yield per hectare were evaluated. The Obatã cultivar showed the highest potential yield, in relation to Tupi and Catuaí Vermelho, and also the highest percentage of flat grains. The factors, in order of importance, that interfere with the potential yield of processed coffee are the cultivar and the spacing between rows and between plants.

The increased consumption of acerola in Brazil was triggered because it is considered as a functional food mainly for its high ascorbic acid content, but the fruit also has high nutritional value, high levels of phenolic compounds, total antioxidant activity, anthocyanins and carotenoids in its composition. The objective was to evaluate the chemical, physical-chemical and antioxidant activity of eight varieties of acerola tree. The acerolas used in the research were the harvest 2015, 8 varieties: BRS 235 - Apodi, Mirandópolis, Waldy - CATI 30, BRS 238 - Frutacor, Okinawa, BRS 236 - Cereja, Olivier and BRS 237 - Roxinha, from the Active Bank Germplasm APTA Regional Alta Paulista in Adamantina - SP. Avaluated the following attributes: pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, reducing sugar, instrumental color, ascorbic acid, total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity. The design was completely randomized, 8 varieties and 3 replications of 20 fruits each. Acerola fruit of the analyzed varieties prove to be good sources of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity, ensuring its excellent nutritional quality relative to combat free radicals. The variety BRS 236 - Cereja presents higher ascorbic acid content, antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds, and the lowest value for flavonoid, which was higher than the other cultivars, especially Olivier and Waldy CATI-30.

Turfgrass is a fundamental part in sports fields’ composition. Some aspects should be taken into account in the choosing species process, such as turfgrass use (trampling tolerance), turfgrass management, physical-chemical soil conditions and shade tolerance. With accomplishment of sporting events in Brazil, there was requirement for football arenas reform and modernization. Among architecture alterations, coverings implantation was noticed, resulting luminosity reduction affecting turfgrass development. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of luminosity and substrates on Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensis) development. The experiment was conducted in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme (substrates x luminosities), in completely randomized design with 20 treatments and 3 replicates. The substrates were: S1 = Soil, S2 = Soil + sand (2:1), S3 = Soil + organic matter (1:1), S4 = Soil + organic matter + sand (2:1:1) and S5 = organic matter + sand (3:1), in four luminosity conditions: full sun, 30%, 50% and 80% of shading for six months. We evaluated substrates fertility composition, solar radiation, grass height and fresh and dry mass. Shading interfered on Bermuda grass development, which tolerates intermediate shading (30% and 50%). Substrates containing the highest levels of organic matter submitted to shading had impaired turfgrass performance.

El presente ensayo o pieza de revisión es un intento de brindar al lector una lectura holística del problema de la imagen y su disociación respecto a la marca o proceso de construcción de marca. Centrados en la industria hotelera (producto alojativo), la propuesta sugiere dos asuntos significativos. Por un lado, existe una necesidad de introducir nuevos estudios cualitativos que complementen los puntos que no tienen respuesta sobre el rol que juega el conocimiento como aspecto de intención de compra. Por el otro, cada producto se encuentra inserto en una matriz de tiempo, en cuyo caso, estudiar la evolución de la imagen a lo largo de la vida del producto se hace una cuestión de importancia para los analistas de marketing. Así mismo, el ensayo hace énfasis en la interacción microsocial (cara a cara) como forma relacional para el posicionamiento de los productos hoteleros. Ello demuestra que existe una tendencia hacia la fragmentación (segmentación) que debe ser discutida y analizada.

Resumen La presente pieza de revisión interroga sobre los orígenes y evolución del turismo oscuro dentro del Reino Unido. A primera vista, esta nación ofrece un fértil terreno de exploración para las prácticas de turismo oscuro, que por varios motivos no se han replicado en América Latina. Los objetivos del presente ensayo son dobles. Por un lado, hacemos una revisión profunda de la historia cultural de Inglaterra a la vez, que por el otro, situamos el concepto de Thanaptosis que discute la literatura vigente, dentro del contexto cultural del protestantismo, y del capitalismo mortuorio. Palabras Claves: Muerte, Turismo Oscuro, Inglaterra, Logro, Protestantismo. Abstract The present piece interrogates on the roots and cultural evolution of Dark tourism within England. At a closer look, this country offered a fertile ground for the rise of dark tourism practices while in other regions as Latin America, it failed to be adopted as a main activity. Basically, the goals of this essay review are twofold. On one hand, we review the historic background for England to serve as a platform to thanatology. On another, it situates as an interesting discussion to expand the current understanding on Thanaptosis as finely-ingrained into Protestant World. Key Words: Death, Dark Tourism, England, Achievement, Protestant

The physic nut can be propagated asexually or sexually. Using cuttings have been earlier yield and more fidelity characteristics of the parent plant. However, there is less initial vegetative growth. The seeds from the plants have increased genetic variability, are more vigorous and begin production later. To get quality changes, the substrate is an important factor. With that the objective was to taste pre-germinated treatments and different substrate on seeds emergence and quality physic nut seedlings. The experimental design was completely randomized, in factorial scheme 6 x 3 (pre-germinated treatments x substrate), 18 treatments and 4 repetition, 8 seeds to each repetition. It was evaluated six pre-germination treatments: T1: witness (without treatments); T2: water immersion for 12 hours; T3: water immersion for 24 hours; T4: mechanical scarification; T5: mechanical scarification + water immersion for 12 hours; T6: mechanical scarification + water immersion for 24 hours, using as substrate: commercial, expanded vermiculite and sand washed. The mechanical scarification was realized opposite the micropyle using sandpaper n. 60. After the pre-germination treatments, the seeds were emergence in plastic cups (200mL) with substrates. We evaluated the characteristics: percentage, beginning and emergence speed index, mean length of plant, diameter of plant stem, SPAD index, fresh and dry shoot and root. The results showed that in seeds of Jatropha do not need pre-germinative treatments; and the use of commercial substrate showed seedling development.

While tourism scholars have struggled over decades to establish tourism as a valid academic discipline, it’s no less true that social scientists have developed a negative image of our colleagues. This in fact happens because for social imaginary leisure and tourism are naïve activities, or practices enrooted in an alienatory nature. Paradoxically, many of founding parents of sociology of tourism was embraced this belief, the advance of modernity, as well as tourism, will disorganize the social ties. In this essay review, we place the French Tradition under the critical lens of scrutiny revealing alternatives in tourism epistemology between tourism as a profit-oriented industry and as a mechanism of discipline.

Los medios masivos de comunicación cumplen un rol importante en la sociedad, son una suerte de reforzadores morales que problematizan y ofrecen soluciones a las cuestiones importantes de la sociedad. No obstante, en la sociedad de consumo, somos testigos de un cambio sustancial en el rol de los medios quienes han pasado a ser productores del “espectáculo del desastre”. El 11 de septiembre ha marcado a fuego no solo el poder de los medios para distorsionar ciertas realidades a sus audiencias, sino para cubrir la noticia escondiendo las causas reales que fomentan el terrorismo. El presente ensayo intenta situarse como una critica constructiva al discurso periodístico y de los medios dominantes sobre el terrorismo.

A wide set of mechanism to understand what is happening surfaces in contexts of emergencies in order for social bondage not to be disintegrated. Nationalism and cultural heritage are new elements of a neo-consumerism. These work as a form of understanding the environment and the connection of self with nature. Basically, the tragedy suggests a radical determination but the personal strength can overcome its obstacles. Following this, the pride for the own culture seems to be over-exaggerated after a episode of this magnitude. In this vein, we examine not only the coverage of journalists and newspapers in the Japan ́s quakes but also refer to the elements that intervene in the configuration of nuclear threat which was surely embodied into the figure of Fukuyima ́s reactor.

La mayoría de las culturas y las mitologías hace referencia a un paraíso o mundo idílico donde todos los sufrimientos del hombre son erradicados (cielo), pero a la vez contraponen un escenario en donde “los desviados” son sometidos a las más cruentas torturas y pesares (infierno). El problema de perder el derecho a disfrutar del paraíso por las propias decisiones pone a los hombres en una carrera contra sí mismos por recuperarlo. La vida se presenta actualmente como dura, injusta y caótica, empero no siempre ha sido así. La unión entre trabajo y ocio se encuentra fundamentada por las enseñanzas de los dioses. El viaje turístico se constituye como ese intento, humano e imperfecto, de recuperar el paraíso perdido. Dentro de este contexto, el siguiente trabajo examina discursivamente los elementos fundantes del viaje turístico en la película La Isla dirigida por M. Bay y protagonizada por E. MacGregor y S. Johansson. Los objetivos del trabajo se encuentran asociados a interpretar el discurso del mencionado film y su posterior relación con temas de evidente debate público como la clonación, el proceso antropológico de territorialización e identidad, el utilitarismo económico y el viaje como productor de alteridad y fijación normativa (coacción).

The variables that converge in tourism as a mass-activity and social institution are manifold aswell as those problems which jeopardize its well-functioning. Even though, terrorist attacks have been presence in the past as a way to vindicate certain politic protagonism, it was no before than 11 September where scholars considered the risk perception as a prolific theory capable to explain the turbulent time we are now living. The future of this wave seems to be uncertain for Spanish native speakers. In a moment characterized by a crucial shift because of the advent of a new millennium, there is a proliferation not only of risks but also of anguishes and fears. Under such a context the present piece has focused on a synthesis of the main contributions of risk perception theory applied on travels at the same time it does not loose the sight on the troublesome aspects this theoretical perspective is unable to resolve.

The present research is aimed at describing scientifically how the citizenship practiced the leisure in Ancient Rome ranging from I B.C and I D. C centuries. Almost 123 years of history that deserves being uncovered. Readers who wish having clear how leisure conformed in High Empire should refer to classical biographers such as Cornelius Tacitus and Caius Suetonius. In different manners, both have contributed to understand further about how Romans lived. Like in Greece, mythology encouraged the conflict confronting sons against their fathers. The glory, fame and power were values that a child learned from the cradle. For that, in the lapse of few decades Rome transformed in a military and economic power that subdued all known world for more than four centuries. Under such a circumstance, leisure worked as a vehicle towards hegemony and ideology preventing social fragmentation as well as encouraging a rural migration to urban cities.

Los mitos y los rituales han sido analizados durante mucho tiempo por la antropología. Sin embargo, existen pocos estudios que los vinculen a los procesos de descanso, y a la lógica del trabajo. El siguiente artículo pretende ser un aporte novedoso, a la función de las vacaciones como procesos rituales de expiación. El marco referencial utilizado se basa en dos trabajos del historiador Mircea Eliade titulados Mito y Realidad, publicado en 1968; y El Mito del Eterno Retorno, de última reimpresión en 2006.

Review of WALLINGRE, Noemí. Historia del Turismo Argentino. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Turísticas, 2007.

Los productos y servicios tienen atributos, signos y símbolos que cumplen una función distintiva. Sin embargo, hay algunos que trascienden a esa dinámica y pasan a formar parte de procesos más amplios y complejos como el nacionalismo ¿Cómo comprender el caso de Aerolíneas Argentinas? Se intentará responder a esta cuestión utilizando fuentes secundarias de tipo estadísticas y periodísticas.

En abordajes anteriores, hemos intentado reflejar las prácticas y formas de ocio en el Alto Imperio Romano escogiendo como unidad de análisis sólo la ciudad de Roma y sus adyacencias más inmediatas. Al terminar el trabajo, nuevos preguntas surgieron con respecto al papel que el ocio ha cumplido dentro del proceso de romanización o asimilación cultural en las provincias romanas. Para ser más exactos, Hispania. Este trabajo intentará responder las cuestiones que hacen al ocio como forma de interpretación política en Hispania durante el Alto Imperio.

Constitutive expression of active Akt (Akttg) drives hyperplasia and hypertrophy of pancreatic β-cells, concomitantly with increased insulin secretion and improved glucose tolerance, and at a later stage the development of insulinoma. To determine which functions of Akt are mediated by ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6), an Akt effector, we generated mice that express constitutive Akt in β-cells in the background of unphosphorylatable ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6P-/-). rpS6 phosphorylation deficiency failed to block Akttg-induced hypertrophy and aneuploidy in β-cells, as well as the improved glucose homeostasis, indicating that Akt carries out these functions independently of rpS6 phosphorylation. In contrast, rpS6 phosphorylation deficiency efficiently restrained the reduction in nuclear localization of the cell cycle inhibitor p27, as well as the development of Akttg-driven hyperplasia and tumor formation in β-cells. In vitro experiments with Akttg and rpS6P-/-;Akttg fibroblasts demonstrated that rpS6 phosphorylation deficiency leads to reduced translation fidelity, which might underlie its anti-tumorigenic effect in the pancreas. However, the role of translation infidelity in tumor suppression cannot simply be inferred from this heterologous experimental model, as rpS6 phosphorylation deficiency unexpectedly elevated the resistance of Akttg fibroblasts to proteotoxic, genotoxic as well as autophagic stresses. In contrast, rpS6P-/- fibroblasts exhibited a higher sensitivity to these stresses upon constitutive expression of oncogenic Kras. The latter result provides a possible mechanistic explanation for the ability of rpS6 phosphorylation deficiency to enhance DNA damage and protect mice from Kras-induced neoplastic transformation in the exocrine pancreas. We propose that Akt1 and Kras exert their oncogenic properties through distinct mechanisms, even though both show addiction to rpS6 phosphorylation.

En sus orígenes, la sociología se vio seriamente influenciada por la teoría de la secularización. Desde entonces hasta nuestros días, muchos sociólogos han especulado y elaborado un sin fin de tesis y teorías explicando los avances y retrocesos que han sufrido los procesos religiosos en todo el mundo. Como lo fue en el siglo XIX, la preocupación de los cientistas sociales estaba fundada en ciertos indicadores que anunciaban el fin de la religión, proceso al cual llamaron “secularización”.El problema encerraba una incógnita de difícil solución: por un lado, ciertos indicadores demostraban cómo las religiones tradicionales en todo el globo tenían cada vez menos influencia en las sociedades. Se llegó a pensar que los días de la religión estaban contados. Sin embargo, otros datos parecían confirmar lo contrario. La religión estaba cada vez más presente en las vidas de personas y éstas parecían no poder vivir sin ella, o lo que es más exacto aún, no podían coexistir entre sí sin su religiosidad. ¿Qué hay de cierto en esta afirmación? Más allá de todo preconcepto adquirido, ¿qué se entiende cuando se habla de secularización? ¿Existe una transformación de lo sagrado o es simplemente el fin de la religión? ¿Qué hechos demuestran esta transformación? Por último, ¿por qué se está dando este fenómeno?

Though terrorism is not a new issue new radical changes have been brought post 9/11. At some extent, this event caused parallel effects that lasted up to date. In this respect, terrorism and the process of victimization it generates, leads towards the adoption to policies otherwise would be neglected. At the time periphery accepts the allegory of terrorism forged in North, a secret surveillance discourse cemented the hegemony of few over the whole. South America and Argentina have experienced the whip of terrorism in the past. However, these bloody events are blurred into a new allegory produced discursively by main powers post 9/11. In context of suffering hegemony is efficiently manipulated to control the periphery. This exhibits a new trend in geopolitical issues which merits to be studied in next decades.

The present essay-review explores the conceptual limitations of mobility as an all encompassing theory, which explains why thousand of citizens are unable to make tourism worldwide. Imagining tourism as a massindustry not only rests on a great fallacy but also ignores the effects of last financial crisis in global economies. Only less 1% of total population in the world has the necessary resources to vacation abroad. We need to rethink mobilities in terms of the great asymmetries caused by capitalism, where behaviour of few ones is ideologically presented as the guiding values to follow. Like chivalry in Middle Age, mobility and tourism are privileges for global mobile elite alone.

O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar física e quimicamente substratos contendo diferentes proporções de resíduo de celulose. Os componentes de substrato utilizados foram: solo, areia e resíduo de celulose, compondo os tratamentos: T1 = Resíduo de celulose (RC); T2 = RC + solo (1:1); T3 = RC + solo (1:2); T4 = RC + solo (1:3); T5 = RC + areia (1:1); T6 = RC + areia (1:2); T7 = RC + areia (1:3); T8 = RC + solo + areia (1:1:1); T9 = RC + solo + areia (1:2:1); T10 = RC + solo + areia (1:3:1); T11 = RC + solo + areia (1:1:2); T12 = RC + solo + areia (1:1:3). Avaliou-se a densidade do substrato, capacidade de recipiente, pH e condutividade elétrica. O resíduo de celulose puro se adequou em relação às propriedades físicas de um substrato para produção de mudas. Em relação à condutividade elétrica o substrato mais adequado para esse fim foi obtido misturando-se resíduo de celulose com solo e areia. O pH mostrou-se alto em todos os substratos.

The presence of Aedes aegypti is reported beyond its current limit of distribution in Argentina, in the city of Neuquén, Neuquén Province. Ovitraps were placed to collect Ae. aegypti eggs between December 2009 and April 2010. The geographical distribution of Culex eduardoi, Psorophora ciliata and Ps. cingulata is extended with new records from two provinces.Se reporta la presencia de Aedes aegypti al sur de su límite actual de distribución en Argentina, en la ciudad de Neuquén, provincia de Neuquén. Huevos de esta especie fueron colectados mediante el uso de ovitrampas que fueron colocadas de diciembre/2009 a abril/2010. La distribución geográfica de Culex eduardoi, Psorophora ciliata y Ps. cingulata se amplía, incluyendo nuevos registros para dos provincias.Relata-se a presença de Aedes aegypti ao sul de seu limite atual de distribuição na Argentina, na cidade de Neuquén, província de Neuquén. Ovitrampas foram instaladas de dezembro/2009 a abril/2010. A distribuição geográfica de Culex eduardoi, Psorophora ciliata e Ps. cingulata aumenta, incluindo novos registros para duas províncias.

O objetivo do trabalho foi testar adubos de liberação lenta e convencional no desenvolvimento de mudas de pimenta-de-bico. Foi desenvolvido na UNESP, Câmpus de Ilha Solteira-SP, em casa de vegetação do tipo Pad & Fan, no período de 9 de outubro a 18 de novembro de 2010. As mudas foram produzidas na UNESP em bandejas de plástico com 60 células preenchidas com substrato comercial, quando apresentavam de 4 a 6 folhas foram transplantadas em vasos de plástico preto de 1,3 L de volume preenchidos com substrato comercial. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com 4 tratamentos e 20 repetições. Os tratamentos foram: T1 = testemunha (sem adubação), T2 = Fertilizante de liberação lenta (FLL) Osmocote 3M (15-09-12), T3 = Fertilizante de liberação lenta (FLL) Basacote 3M (16-08-12) e T4 = Fertilizante de liberação convencional (FLC) (04-30-10), todos com dosagem de 3 g L-1 de substrato. Os parâmetros analisados foram: altura de planta, diâmetro de caule (mm), teor de clorofila das folhas, número de flores e de frutos. Os fertilizantes de lib­eração lenta foram mais eficientes do que o fertilizante de liberação convencional para as variáveis estudadas.

El presente trabajo investiga los riesgos vinculados a los viajes y a las propiedades materiales desde una perspectiva innovadora. Son analizados junto a una copiosa recopilación bibliográfica, fuentes estadísticas de la Superintendencia de Seguros de la Nación aplicable al territorio argentino entre 2005 y 2009 constatando que existe una mayor propensión a contratar seguros para absorber riesgos no deseados. Asimismo, se contrasta cuáles son los ítems y seguros de mayor demanda en la sociedad. Por tratarse de estadísticas que abarcan al 100% del universo, estamos en condiciones de afirmar que nuestras conclusiones son censales y estadísticamente representativas. Intentamos, de una nueva forma, plasmar como se expresan los riesgos en una sociedad por medio de la demanda de pólizas de seguro y cobertura familiar o personal. El miedo a los accidentes automovilísticos en la ruta y los robos son dos de las cuestiones que más preocupan a los argentinos.

En los últimos decenios el terrorismo se ha convertido en un tema obligado en cuestiones de política internacional para diferentes expertos de todo el mundo. Considerado como una excusa del imperio por unos, o una de las mayores amenazas de occidente por otros, el terrorismo ha pasado a ser parte del entretenimiento cultural que horroriza a miles de televidentes. No obstante, los especialistas parecen coincidir en la idea que el turismo como actividad comercial se encuentra particularmente afectado por los ataques que se presentan, sin descartar tampoco las razones que llevan a los terroristas a perpetrar atentados en complejos turísticos, como es el caso de Egipto, Bali, etc. Los turistas, por su vulnerabilidad y escaso conocimiento del terreno, han sido históricamente potenciales víctimas del terrorismo. Dos posturas académicas han debatido sobre el tema sin llegar, hasta el momento, a una conclusión clara. A la tesis que dice que el turismo es afectado por el terrorismo se contrapone aquella que esboza lo contrario, el turismo es la antesala o la precondición para el terrorismo. Lejos de validar cualquiera de las dos, pero en dialogo con ambas, el presente trabajo intenta presentar un estudio riguroso y holístico sobre la relación existente entre turismo y terrorismo. Dadas las condiciones de prosperidad y escasez, los procesos cíclicos de acumulación conllevan a la idea de expansión y guerra. Dentro de ese contexto, el terrorismo no es causa ni efecto, sino pretexto.

El siguiente trabajo intenta reflejar como juegan en el desempeño deportivo los factores nacionalistas y el discurso en la prensa escrita. Se ha tomado como análisis empírico el papel de la auto-punitividad como mecanismo generar de cohesión social y exacerbación del “orgullo nacional”. Desde una perceptiva cualitativa, demostramos que las competencias deportivas emulan ciertos criterios vinculados al héroe mito-arquetípico, tales como carisma, nacionalismo, hegemonía y sacrificio.

Aun cuando publicado por primera vez en lengua española en 1995, la obra de referencia se presenta como una de las más compactas e ilustrativas en temas relacionados con el estudio de la gastronomía, la producción económica y la estructuración de clases sociales que se ha escrito hasta el momento. Lamentablemente, pocos investigadores dedicados al estudio científico de la gastronomía y el turismo, tienen conocimiento de esta obra, hecho que por su importancia nos ha llevado a su revisión académica.

BACKGROUND: Mice, whose ribosomal protein S6 cannot be phosphorylated due to replacement of all five phosphorylatable serine residues by alanines (rpS6(P-/-)), are viable and fertile. However, phenotypic characterization of these mice and embryo fibroblasts derived from them, has established the role of these modifications in the regulation of the size of several cell types, as well as pancreatic beta-cell function and glucose homeostasis. A relatively passive behavior of these mice has raised the possibility that they suffer from muscle weakness, which has, indeed, been confirmed by a variety of physical performance tests. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A large variety of experimental methodologies, including morphometric measurements of histological preparations, high throughput proteomic analysis, positron emission tomography (PET) and numerous biochemical assays, were used in an attempt to establish the mechanism underlying the relative weakness of rpS6(P-/-) muscles. Collectively, these experiments have demonstrated that the physical inferiority appears to result from two defects: a) a decrease in total muscle mass that reflects impaired growth, rather than aberrant differentiation of myofibers, as well as a diminished abundance of contractile proteins; and b) a reduced content of ATP and phosphocreatine, two readily available energy sources. The abundance of three mitochondrial proteins has been shown to diminish in the knockin mouse. However, the apparent energy deficiency in this genotype does not result from a lower mitochondrial mass or compromised activity of enzymes of the oxidative phosphorylation, nor does it reflect a decline in insulin-dependent glucose uptake, or diminution in storage of glycogen or triacylglycerol (TG) in the muscle. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This study establishes rpS6 phosphorylation as a determinant of muscle strength through its role in regulation of myofiber growth and energy content. Interestingly, a similar role has been assigned for ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1, even though it regulates myoblast growth in an rpS6 phosphorylation-independent fashion.

La siguiente reseña trata sobre el libro Historia del Turismo, escrito por el presti- gioso investigador Miguel Khatchikian y publicado en el 2000 por la Universidad San Martín de Porres en Perú. Su obra trata con rigurosidad científica las diferen- tes etapas del turismo hasta la actualidad. El autor, elabora su propio marco meto- dológico estableciendo tres etapas bien dis- tintas para la consolidación del turismo como fenómeno: la era pre-industrial, la era moderna y el turismo masivo. El criterio utilizado versa no sobre la movilidad social o el avance de los medios de locomoción, sino en una conjunción de factores económi- cos, políticos, sociales y tecnológicos.

El nacimiento de un hijo es un evento único e irremplazable para todos aquellos que han tenido la experiencia. Para otros, es una oportunidad de asenso social sobre todo sí por ese juego de los genes la criatura se asemeja al estereotipo indoeuropeo nórdico. Por ese motivo, los padres parecen interesados en que sus hijos tengan ojos claros y cabellos rubios tomando esa característica como cualitativamente positiva. Por ese motivo, no resulta extraño que las diferentes imágenes en publicidades de artículos para bebes enfatice en los “ojos azules y los cabellos rubios” como tipos ideales a seguir. La presente investigación ha demostrado que no sólo que los estereotipos dominantes se multiplican sino también se interiorizan generando un diálogo que tiende a reforzar la hegemonía. Por lo demás, se ha observado que discursivamente la claridad es simbolizada como sinónimo de felicidad, armonía, afecto, bondad y seguridad entre otros mientras la oscuridad adquiere categorías semánticas opuestas. Para los padres, que sus hijos tengan ojos “claros” o cabellos “rubios” significa un verdadero asenso social abstracto. Por lo pronto, no cobrarán un canon adicional por traer a la vida a un hijo rubio, pero los acerca notablemente más a las características de los grupos dominantes reforzando así el auto-desprecio por sí mismos.

The presence of Aedes aegypti is reported beyond its current limit of distribution in Argentina, in the city of Neuquén, Neuquén Province. Ovitraps were placed to collect Ae. aegypti eggs between December 2009 and April 2010. The geographical distribution of Culex eduardoi, Psorophora ciliata and Ps. cingulata is extended with new records from two provinces.

When the world seems poised on the brink of a never ending cycle of terrorism, the present paper polemically explores some of its historical roots. The first anarcho-terrorists in 19th century, fought to improve the working conditions of people. Some of them used violent tools, hosting civilians as targets. Others, convinced by the futility of their efforts to change the order, opted for organizing workers in factories. It is widely accepted that tourism came from the social, political, technological developments in the nineteenth century. We compare terrorist attacks with workers’ strikes, because they come from the same developments. We explore the thesis that tourism is terrorism by other means.

An increasingly complex and rapidly-evolving array of risks presents one of the greatest challenges for decision-makers in all sectors, including the transport and tourism industry. The prospects of an international destination can be profoundly damaged in minutes as a result of a major outbreak of infectious disease, a natural disaster or a terrorist incident. It is therefore vital to understand the changing nature of risk and the ways that risks are perceived and understood, especially as people tend to respond to the perception of risks rather than actual risks, which means that their responses are not always rational and can even expose them to more danger.The first part of this paper assesses the understanding of risk, and why social, cultural and psychological factors influence the response to threat, the second part looks at the application of this approach to tourism, and the third part sets out a model that can capture the relevant variables for the tourism industry.