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Abstract Canadian assessments of First Nation and Aboriginal education lack any real modelling of reasons for the particular patterns of attainment--it is this void that we wish to fill. This [...]

En s' appuyant sur les donn,es du Fichier de microdonn,es a grande diffusion (FMGD) de 1996 sur les individus, cet article examine l'activit, sur le march, du travail des femmes au Canada en mettant l'accent sur les effets du statut familial et de la structure du m,nage pour d,terminer si ces facteurs ont des r,ponses ,lastiques similaires chez les femmes autochtones et non autochtones. Nous avons trouv, que cette activit, varie largement en fonction du statut d'autochtone. En g,n,ral, les Indiens de plein droit avaient moins de chances de trouver un emploi que les autres autochtones ou les non-autochtones. Alors que le niveau d'instruction, la pr,sence d'enfants mineurs et la monoparentalit, semblaient associ,s a une probabilit, plus basse d'emploi, des diff,rences significatives en fonction du statut d'autochtone ont ,t, d,cel,es. Les r,percussions sur l'emploi du niveau d'instruction se sont r,v,l,es plus fortes chez les Indiens de plein droit. Using data from the 1996 Public Use Microdata File (PUMF) on individuals, this paper examines labour force activity of women in Canada, focussing on the effects of familial status and household structure to determine whether these factors have similar elasticities among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal women. We found that labour force activity varied greatly by Aboriginal Status. In general, Registered Indians were less likely to be employed but more likely to be unemployed than Other Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals. While lower educational attainment, presence of minor children and lone parenthood were found to be associated with a lower likelihood of being employed, significant differences by Aboriginal Status were found. The effect of educational attainment on employment was found to be higher among Registered Indians., AS LEVESQUE ET AL. (2001: 13) WRITE, '...scientists in Canada and Quebec have paid little attention to date on the living and working conditions of Aboriginal women.' The present study [...]

Cet article pose trois questions 1) Pourquoi etudier les inegalites entre les autochtones? 2) Quel est l'ecart entre les salaires et les revenus de la population canadienne en general et [...]

Question: What is more fascinating than a giant comet? Answer: the image of such a comet, when extracted from a matrix-puzzle wherein it was not known to exist. Background: In [...]

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The article presents a study of earnings implications of person years lost life expectancy among Canada's aboriginal peoples. Overall, Canada has one of the world's highest national life expectancies. This benefit is not shared by Canada's aboriginal population, however, which has a life expectancy approximately seven years less than the general population. The aboriginal population also differs in that it has a higher fertility rate and higher mortality rates among infants and young adults. One of the consequences of the mortality differential is that the number of person years of lost life (PYLL) expectancy is large for the aboriginal community in comparison to the general population. While several studies have focused on the causes of differential mortality, this study examines some of the socio-economic consequences of differences in PYLL. Examining wage labor income, for example, determines that the PYLL differential translates into an expected wage and salary loss of approximately $1.56 billion.

Recently, Gottfredson and Hirschi proposed a general theory of crime. Central to the theory is the assumption that most criminal behavior is impulsive and reflects a lack of self-control. Thus criminals are seen as risk takers who are less restrained than noncriminals from illegal activities. In a secondary analysis of data from a roadside traffic survey, this study attempts to test Gottfredson and Hirschi's theory by examining the relationship between self-control and driving under the influence of alcohol. Using several indicators of self-control the results support the existence of a relationship for both men and women between low self-control and driving under the influence of alcohol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines the relationship between gender, age, and four principal causes of violent death - homicide, suicide, motor vehicle accidents, and 'other' accidents. It has been argued that these four causes of violent death result from a predilection to excessive risk-taking behaviour. It has also been suggested by convergence theorists that although risk-taking is traditionally a male dominated activity, with the increase in the proportion of women in the labour force, and increasing egalitarianism, the gap between male and female risk-taking should narrow. Using Canadian data to test this assumption, our findings reveal continuing differences between male and female rates of violent death, and little support for convergence theory. Significant changes are also noted in the pattern of age-specific mortality rates over the period of investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The blocked mobility or relative disadvantage thesis posits that because of relative disadvantages experienced by immigrants in the labour market in the host society, many will turn to self-employment as an alternative to wage-labour. Part of the difficulty with previous research in this area is the failure to distinguish between self-employment in professional and non-professional occupations. On the basis of the 1986 Canadian census data, our findings show that the blocked mobility thesis is supported in the case of immigrants with high educational credentials obtained from home countries, who have a higher likelihood of turning to self-employment in none professional occupations, compared to those with similar education levels among either the native-born or immigrants with Canadian education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]