Search

Convergent evidence associates endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with major, increasingly-prevalent human disorders. Regulation requires elucidation of EDC-triggered molecular events causally linked to adverse health outcomes, but two factors limit their identification. First, experiments frequently use individual chemicals, whereas real life entails simultaneous exposure to multiple EDCs. Second, population-based and experimental studies are seldom integrated. This drawback was exacerbated until recently by lack of physiopathologically meaningful human experimental systems that link epidemiological data with results from model organisms.We developed a novel approach, integrating epidemiological with experimental evidence. Starting from 1,874 mother-child pairs we identified mixtures of chemicals, measured during early pregnancy, associated with language delay or low-birth weight in offspring. These mixtures were then tested on multiple complementary in vitro and in vivo models. We demonstrate that each EDC mixture, at levels found in pregnant women, disrupts hormone-regulated and disease-relevant gene regulatory networks at both the cellular and organismal scale.

International audience; From the lectures presented at the 2nd International Workshop on Obesity and Environmental Contaminants, which was held in Uppsala, Sweden, on 8-9 October 2015, it became evident that the findings from numerous animal and epidemiological studies are consistent with the hypothesis that environmental contaminants could contribute to the global obesity epidemic. To increase awareness of this important issue among scientists, regulatory agencies, politicians, chemical industry management, and the general public, the authors summarize compelling scientific evidence that supports the hypothesis and discuss actions that could restrict the possible harmful effects of environmental contaminants on obesity.

The US Environmental Protection Agency voluntary phased-out residential use of chlorpyrifos in 2001. In contrast, in Costa Rica, chlorpyrifos-treated bags are increasingly used to protect banana and plantain fruits from insects and to fulfill product standards, even in populated areas. Objectives: To evaluate children’s exposure to chlorpyrifos in villages situated nearby banana plantations and plantain farms in Costa Rica. Methods: The study targeted two villages with use of chlorpyrifos-treated bags in nearby banana plantations and plantain farms and one village with mainly organic production. For 140 children from these villages, mostly indigenous Ngabe and Bribri, parent-interviews and urine samples ( ¨ n¼207) were obtained. Urinary 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy) levels were measured as a biomarker for chlorpyrifos exposure. In the banana and plantain village also environmental contamination to chlorpyrifos was explored. Results: Children from the banana and plantain villages had statistically significant higher urinary TCPy concentrations than children from the referent village; 2.6 and 2.2 versus 1.3 mg/g creatinine, respectively. Chlorpyrifos was detected in 30% of the environmental samples as well as in 92% of the hand/foot wash samples. For more than half of the children their estimated intake exceeded the US EPA chronic population adjusted dose. For some, the acute population adjusted dose and the chronic reference dose were also exceeded. Conclusions: Our results suggest that children living nearby plantations with chlorpyrifos-treated bags are exposed to chlorpyrifos levels that may affect their health. Interventions to reduce chlorpyrifos exposure Antecedentes La Agencia de Protección Ambiental de los Estados Unidos suprimió voluntariamente el uso residencial del clorpirifos en 2001. En cambio, en Costa Rica, las bolsas tratadas con clorpirifos se utilizan cada vez más para proteger las frutas de banano y plátano de los insectos y para cumplir las normas de producto, incluso en zonas pobladas. Objetivos Evaluar la exposición de los niños al clorpirifos en las aldeas situadas cerca de las plantaciones de bananas y de plátanos en Costa Rica. Métodos El estudio se centró en dos aldeas que utilizaban bolsas tratadas con clorpirifos en plantaciones de bananas y plátanos cercanas y una aldea con producción principalmente orgánica. Para 140 niños de estas aldeas, en su mayoría indígenas Ngäbe y Bribri, se obtuvieron entrevistas con los padres y muestras de orina (n=207). Se midieron los niveles urinarios de 3,5,6-tricloro-2-piridinol (TCPy) como biomarcador de la exposición al clorpirifos. En la aldea de bananas y plátanos también se exploró la contaminación ambiental por clorpirifos. Resultados Los niños de las aldeas de bananas y plátanos tenían concentraciones de TCPy urinario más altas estadísticamente significativas que los niños de la aldea de referencia; 2,6 y 2,2 frente a 1,3 μg/g creatinina, respectivamente. Se detectó clorpirifos en el 30% de las muestras ambientales y en el 92% de las muestras de lavado de manos y pies. En más de la mitad de los niños su ingesta estimada superó la dosis ajustada de la población crónica de la EPA de los EE.UU. Para algunos, la dosis ajustada para la población aguda y la dosis de referencia crónica también fueron excedidas. Conclusiones Nuestros resultados sugieren que los niños que viven cerca de las plantaciones con bolsas tratadas con clorpirifos están expuestos a niveles de clorpirifos que pueden afectar a su salud. Las intervenciones para reducir la exposición al clorpirifos probablemente mejoren la salud de los niños y el medio ambiente en las regiones de cultivo de bananas y plátanos. Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Tóxicas, Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica Wageningen University, the Netherlands University of California at Berkeley, USA Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden University of Quebec at Montreal, Canada Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica Technology and Agrarian Development Group, Wageningen University, the Netherlands University of California at Berkeley, USA Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Health, Environment and Society (CINBIOSE), University of Quebec at Montreal, Canada Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden