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Abstract Multilayered photovoltaic absorbers have triggered widespread attention for their unique structure and properties. However, multilayered materials in the randomly oriented polycrystalline thin‐film lead to ineffective carrier transport and collection, which hinders the process of achieving high‐performance solar cells. Herein, this issue is tackled by producing the three‐dimensional (3D) heterojunction BiI3 nanosheets (NSs) solar cells, which embed vertically aligned monocrystalline BiI3 NSs into spiro‐OMeTAD. The preferred orientation of BiI3 NSs and large p‐n junction areas of 3D heterojunction structure enable a strong light absorption and effective carrier transport and collection, and thus a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.45% was achieved. Moreover, this PCE is the highest ever reported for BiI3 based solar cells to our best knowledge. Moreover, the nonencapsulated device remained 96% of the initial PCE after 24 h continuous one sun illumination at ~70% humidity condition, and 82% of the initial PCE after 1‐month storage at ~30% humidity condition.

The non-predictability of rainfall-groundwater table relationships in the ungauged Obio Akpa watershed has rubbished remedial measures against seasonal crop losses. This study utilizes ten years (2011-2020) climate data obtained from the study area to predict the seasonal rainfall-groundwater table variations and simulate the effects on crop root zone using Upflow model. Twelve wells monitored monthly, characterized the seasonal behaviour of the Groundwater Table (GT). Gravimetric direct measurements of soil water contents were the inputs to UPFLOW model used to simulate the seasonal responses of GT to rainfall. Correlation-regression analysis was used to obtain a prediction equation of GT responses to rainfall. Results showed that in the month of April, the mean rainfall of 230mm induced GT rise of 1.35m (35%) from 3.85m in March to 2.50m in April. The effect on the soil water properties included a corresponding increase of 1.8 vol.% (10.7%) in field capacity at equilibrium with the water table in the preceding month. Mean soil water condition remained optimal at 15.9 vol.% with the GT at 1.5m below the root zone. In September and October when 1859mm and 2129mm of the mean annual rainfall was received, the water table increased by 72% and 74% respectively, and field capacity in equilibrium with the GT increased to 34.9 vol.%. causing GT inundation of the root zone (RZ) and deficit aeration in 74% of the RZ respectively. In November, with reduced rainfall amount and decreased input to groundwater, only 16% of the RZ was in deficit aeration. UPFLOW simulations of the annual soil water regime showed the months of September, October and November as high GT months suitable for planting and harvesting of only shallow rooted, short maturity crops. This knowledge will guide effective water resources and crop management in the watershed.

Abstract Photography with small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) offers opportunities for researchers to better understand habitat selection in wildlife, especially for species that select habitat from an aerial perspective (e.g., many bird species). The growing number of commercial sUAS being flown by recreational users represents a potentially valuable source of data for documenting and studying wildlife habitat. We used a commercially available quadcopter sUAS with a visible spectrum camera to classify habitat for American Kestrels (Falco sparverius; Aves), as well as to evaluate aspects of image processing and postprocessing relevant to a simple habitat analysis using citizen science photography. We investigated inter–observer repeatability of habitat classification, effectiveness of cross‐image classification and Gaussian filtering, and sensitivity to classification resolution. We photographed vegetation around nests from both 25 m and 50 m above takeoff elevation, and analyzed images via maximum likelihood supervised classification. Our results indicate that commercial off‐the‐shelf sUAS photography can distinguish between grass, herbaceous, woody, bare ground, and human‐modified cover classes with good (kappa > 0.6) or strong (kappa > 0.8) accuracy using a 0.25 m2 minimum patch size for aggregation. There was inter‐subject variability in designating training samples, but high repeatability of supervised classification accuracy. Gaussian filtering reduced classification accuracy, while coarser classification resolution out‐performed finer resolution due to “speckling noise.” Image self‐classification significantly outperformed cross‐image classification. Mean classification accuracy metrics (kappa values) across different photo heights differed little, but, importantly, the rank order of images differed noticeably.

The immediate recognition and timely response of compartment syndrome due to damage caused by penetrating trauma has immense clinical outcomes. The following is a case report of a complicated fasciotomy in a 33-year-old male who suffered a gunshot wound to his left lower extremity and the surgical management leading to adequate limb salvage and recovery. Keywords: Compartment syndrome, Fasciotomy, DermaClose device, Wound closure