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2. An Overview of the Mid-Infrared Spectro-Interferometer MATISSE: Science, Concept, and Current Status

Author

Matter, A, Lopez, B, Antonelli, P, Lehmitz, M, Bettonvil, F, Beckmann, U, Lagarde, S, Jaffe, W, Petrov, R. G, Berio, P, Millour, F, Robbe-Dubois, S, Glindemann, A, Bristow, P, Schoeller, M, Lanz, T, Henning, T, Weigelt, G, Heininger, M, Morel, S, Cruzalebes, P, Meisenheimer, K, Hofferbert, R, Wolf, S, Bresson, Y, Agocs, T, Allouche, F, Augereau, J.-C, Avila, G, Bailet, C, Behrend, J, Van Belle, G, Berger, J.-P, Van Boekel, R, Bourget, P, Brast, R, Clausse, J.-M, Connot, C, Conzelmann, R, Csepany, G, Danchi, W. C, Delbo, M, Dominik, C, Van Duin, A, Elswijk, E, Fantei, Y, Finger, G, Gabasch, A, Gonte, F, Graser, U, Guitton, F, Guniat, S, De Haan, M, Haguenauer, P, Hanenburg, H, Hofmann, K.-H, Hogerheijde, M, Ter Horst, R, Hron, J, Hummel, C, Isderda, J, Ives, D, Jakob, G, Jasko, A, Jolley, P, Kiraly, S, Kragt, J, Kroener, T, Kroes, G, Kuindersma, S, Labadie, L, Laun, W, Leinert, C, Lizon, J.-L, Lucuix, C, Marcotto, A, Martinache, F, Martinot-Lagarde, G, Mauclert, N, Mehrgan, L, Meilland, A, Mellein, M, Menardi, S, Merand, A, Neumann, U, Nussbaum, E, Ottogalli, S, Palsa, R, Panduro, J, Pantin, E, Percheron, I, Phan Duc, T, Pott, J.-U, Pozna, E, Roelfsema, R, Rupprecht, G, Schertl, D, Schmidt, C, Schuil, M, Spang, A, Stegmeier, J, Tromp, N, Vakili, F, Vannier, M, Wagner, K, Venema, L, and Woillez, J

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

MATISSE is the second-generation mid-infrared spectrograph and imager for the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) at Paranal. This new interferometric instrument will allow significant advances by opening new avenues in various fundamental research fields: studying the planet-forming region of disks around young stellar objects, understanding the surface structures and mass loss phenomena affecting evolved stars, and probing the environments of black holes in active galactic nuclei. As a first breakthrough, MATISSE will enlarge the spectral domain of current optical interferometers by offering the L and M bands in addition to the N band. This will open a wide wavelength domain, ranging from 2.8 to 13 microns, exploring angular scales as small as 3 mas (L band) 10 mas (N band). As a second breakthrough, MATISSE will allow mid-infrared imaging - closure-phase aperture-synthesis imaging - with up to four Unit Telescopes (UT) or Auxiliary Telescopes (AT) of the VLTI. Moreover, MATISSE will offer a spectral resolution range from R approx. 30 to R approx. 5000. Here, we present one of the main science objectives, the study of protoplanetary disks, that has driven the instrument design and motivated several VLTI upgrades (GRA4MAT and NAOMI). We introduce the physical concept of MATISSE including a description of the signal on the detectors and an evaluation of the expected performances. We also discuss the current status of the MATISSE instrument, which is entering its testing phase, and the foreseen schedule for the next two years that will lead to the first light at Paranal.

Published
2016
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3. An asymmetry detected in the disk of Kappa CMa with the AMBER/VLTI

Author

Meilland, Anthony, Millour, Florentin, Stee, Philippe, Domiciano De Souza, Armando, Petrov, Romain, Mourard, Denis, Jankov, Slobodan, Robbe-Dubois, Sylvie, Spang, Alain, Arisitidi, Eric, Antonelli, P., Beckmann, U., Bresson, Y., Chelli, A., Dugué, M., Duvert, G., Glück, L., Kern, P., Lagarde, S., Le Coarer, E., Lisi, F., Malbet, F., Perraut, K., Puget, P., Robbe-Dubois, S., Weigelt, G., Zins, G., Accardo, M., Acke, B., Agabi, K., Arezki, B., Altariba, E., Baffa, C., Behrend, J., Blöcker, T., Bonhomme, S., Busoni, S., Cassaing, F., Clausse, J.-M., Connot, C., Delboulbé, A., Domicinano De Souza, A., Driebe, T., Feautrier, P., Ferruzzi, D., Forveille, T., Fossat, E., Foy, R., Fraix-Burnet, D., Gallardo, A., Gennari, S., Glentzlin, A., Giani, E., Gilinst, C., Heiden, M., Heininger, M., Hernandez, O., Hofmann, K.-H., Kamm, D., Kraus, S., Le Contel, D., Le Contel, J.-M., Lopez, B., Magnard, Y., Marconi, A., Mars, G., Martinot-Lagarde, G., Mathias, P., Millour, F., Monin, J.-L., Mouillet, D., Mourard, D., Mège, P., Nussbaum, E., Ohnaka, K., Pacini, F., Perrier, C., Rabbia, Y., Rebattu, S., Reynaud, F., Richichi, A., Roussel, A., Sacchettini, M., Salinari, P., Schertl, D., Solscheid, W., Stee, P., Stefanini, P., Tallon, M., Tallon-Bosc, I., Tasso, D., Tatulli, E., Testi, L., Valtier, J.-C., Vannier, M., Ventura, N., Kiekebusch, M., Schöller, M., Laboratoire Gemini (LG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Universitaire d'Astrophysique de Nice (LUAN), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Stars: emission-line, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Stars: individual (kappa CMa), FOS: Physical sciences, Be, Astrophysics, Techniques: high angular resolution, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Stars: Keplerian rotation, Techniques: interferometric, Stars: circumstellar matter, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

International audience; Aims. We study the geometry and kinematics of the circumstellar environment of the Be star Kappa CMa in the Br gamma emission line and its nearby continuum. Methods. We use the VLTI/AMBER instrument operating in the K band which provides a spatial resolution of about 6 mas with a spectral resolution of 1500 to study the kinematics within the disk and to infer its rotation law. In order to obtain more kinematical constraints we also use an high spectral resolution Pa beta line profile obtain in December 2005 at the Observatorio do Pico do Dios, Brazil and we compile V/R line profile variations and spectral energy distribution data points from the literature. Results. Using differential visibilities and differential phases across the Br gamma line we detect an asymmetry in the disk. Moreover, we found that kappa CMa seems difficult to fit within the classical scenario for Be stars, illustrated recently by alpha Arae observations, i.e. a fast rotating B star close to its breakup velocity surrounded by a Keplerian circumstellar disk with an enhanced polar wind. Finally we discuss the possibility for kappa CMa to be a critical rotator with a Keplerian rotating disk and try to see if the detected asymmetry can be interpreted within the "one-armed" viscous disk framework.

Published
2006
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4. Lunar laser ranging in infrared at the Grasse laser station.

Author

Courde, C., Torre, J. M., Samain, E., Martinot-Lagarde, G., Aimar, M., Albanese, D., Exertier, P., Fienga, A., Mariey, H., Metris, G., Viot, H., and Viswanathan, V.

Subjects
INFRARED lasers, LASER ranging, FULL moon, TELEMETRY
Abstract

For many years, lunar laser ranging (LLR) observations using a green wavelength have suffered an inhomogeneity problem both temporally and spatially. This paper reports on the implementation of a new infrared detection at the Grasse LLR station and describes how infrared telemetry improves this situation. Our first results show that infrared detection permits us to densify the observations and allows measurements during the new and the full Moon periods. The link budget improvement leads to homogeneous telemetric measurements on each lunar retro-reflector. Finally, a surprising result is obtained on the Lunokhod 2 array which attains the same effciency as Lunokhod 1 with an infrared laser link, although those two targets exhibit a differential effciency of six with a green laser link. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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6. Stressing phospholipid membranes using mechanical effects of light.

Author

Kremer, F., Lagaly, G., Ottewill, R. H., Rennie, A. R., Pouligny, B., Martinot-Lagarde, G., Gréhan, G., Gouesbet, G., and Angelova, M. I.

Abstract

We describe a few applications of mechanical effects of light to study bilayer membranes. We show that lipid vesicles van be distorted by direct opticla coupling. Individual charged latex microspheres are optically manipulated and brought in contact with vesicles. We systematically observe adhesion of membranes on the polystyrene surface and sometimes a total inclusion of the bead inside the vesicle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1994
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7. Encapsulation of solid microspheres by bilayers.

Author

Kremer, F., Lagaly, G., Appell, J., Porte, G., Pouligny, B., Martinot-Lagarde, G., and Angelova, M. I.

Abstract

We analyze the problem of a bilayer membrane which is brought is contact with and adheres to a solid spherical particle. The membrane is that of a spherical giant lipid vesicle (∼ 100 µm in size), much larger than the solid particle. We discuss the specific case in which membrane phospholipids adhere to the particle surface in a "head-in" configuration, and take into account the fact that the membrane is made of two elastic surfaces which can slip relative to each other. This leads to non trivial results, such as a membrane topology transition driven by adhesion. We discuss the case of full particle encapsulation and derive criteria for experimental comparison. Finally, we briefly discuss experimental results obtained with charged polystyrene latex spheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1995
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8. Study of the atmospheric refraction in a single-mode instrument – application to AMBER/VLTI.

Author

Robbe-Dubois, S., Lagarde, S., Bresson, Y., Petrov, R. G., Carbillet, M., LeCoarer, E., Rantakyrö, F., Tallon-Bosc, I., Vannier, M., Antonelli, P., Martinot-Lagarde, G., Roussel, A., and Tasso, D.

Subjects
SINGLE-mode optical fibers, INTERFEROMETERS, LIGHT scattering, OPTICAL fibers, ADAPTIVE optics
Abstract

This paper presents a study of the atmospheric refraction and its effect on the light coupling efficiency in an instrument using single-mode optical fibres. We show the analytical approach which allowed us to assess the need to correct the refraction in J and H bands while observing with an 8-m Unit Telescope. We then developed numerical simulations to go further in calculations. The hypotheses on the instrumental characteristics are those of AMBER (Astronomical Multi BEam combineR), the near-infrared focal beam combiner of the Very Large Telescope Interferometric mode, but most of the conclusions can be generalized to other single-mode instruments. We used the software packagecaos to take into account the atmospheric turbulence effect after correction by the European Southern Observatory system Multi-Application Curvature Adaptive Optics. The optomechanical study and design of the system correcting the atmospheric refraction on AMBER is then detailed. We showed that the atmospheric refraction becomes predominant over the atmospheric turbulence for some zenith angles z and spectral conditions: for z larger than 30° in J band for example. The study of the optical system showed that it allows to achieve the required instrumental performance in terms of throughput in J and H bands. First observations in J band of a bright star, α Cir star, at more than 30° from zenith clearly showed the gain to control the atmospheric refraction in a single-mode instrument, and validated the operating law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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