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Resumen: Los resultados en salud materna se miden principalmente por un indicador negativo como lo es la razón de mortalidad materna (RMM). Muchos países presentan dificultades a la hora de medir este indicador, que requiere una buena cobertura en la identificación y registro de los nacidos vivos, así como una buena capacidad para identificar, reportar y clasificar a las muertes maternas. Si los casos identificados no responden a estos atributos, es posible que, los datos publicados no sean confiables por subregistro y/o por mala clasificación. Múltiples inconvenientes en la correcta vigilancia de la mortalidad materna han posicionado la aparición de un indicador positivo que pone su mirada no en las mujeres que murieron, sino en aquellas que en condiciones habituales debieron morir y sobrevivieron. Esto corresponde al llamado Near Miss Materno (NMM) de la literatura sajona cuya denominación en español es Morbilidad Materna Extremadamente Grave (MMEG). En el presente artículo se analizan varios aspectos de la MMEG, a saber: su definición, clasificación, ventajas de su vigilancia, como contribuye a reducir la mortalidad materna, así como indicadores para la comparabilidad de los datos. Abstract: Re***sults in maternal health are mainly measured by a negative indicator such as the maternal mortality ratio (MMR). Many countries present difficulties when measuring this indicator, which requires good coverage with regards to the identification and registration of live births, as well as a good capacity to identify, report and classify maternal deaths. If the identified cases do not respond to these attributes, it is possible that the published data will not be reliable due to underreporting and/or misclassification. Multiple inconveniences in the correct monitoring of maternal mortality have positioned the appearance of a positive indicator that focuses not on the women who died, but on those who in normal conditions should have died and, in turn, survived. This corresponds to what is known as Maternal Near Miss (MNM) in English language literature, and as Morbilidad Materna Extremadamente Grave (MMEG) in Spanish. In this article, various aspects of the MNM are analyzed, namely: its definition, classification, advantages of its surveillance, how it contributes to reducing maternal mortality, as well as indicators for data comparability.

Background. Vehicular crowdsensing (VCS) can be a cost-effective solution to gather data in urban environments, leveraging the onboard sensors of modern vehicles moving around the city. Many experimental studies have proven that high-mileage vehicles, such as taxis, can be effectively used for VCS. However, these studies have been mostly carried out in cities with regular, grid-based, road networks. Conversely, little work has been conducted to assess the suitability of VCS in cities with more complex urban road networks, such as historical ones. Goal. As a step towards filling this gap, the present study investigates the feasibility of using different-sized fleets of taxis to crowdsense information in the urban areas of the historical cities of Porto (Portugal) and Rome (Italy), whose road networks evolved over the centuries and feature a complex topology. Data and Methodology. This work leverages massive real-world datasets of taxi trajectories collected over three contiguous weeks in the cities of Porto and Rome to estimate the spatiotemporal coverage achievable by different-sized fleets of taxis if they were used for VCS. Indeed, using these trajectories, several simulations were conducted, considering four sizes of taxi fleets, ranging from 50 to 400 vehicles, for both cities. The achievable spatiotemporal road network coverage metrics were computed at a fine-grained scale of single road segments. Results. Results show that the achievable coverage in both historical cities exhibits very similar trends, with as few as 50 vehicles being capable of visiting a relevant part of the road network at least once in the considered time frame. As expected, increasing the number of involved vehicles improves spatial and temporal coverage. Still, time gaps between subsequent visits can be possibly inadequate for some VCS use cases. As a consequence, recruiting more vehicles and/or devising specialized routing/incentivization mechanisms might be necessary to achieve more comprehensive coverage of the urban road network., Author(s): L. L. L. Starace (corresponding author) [1]; F. Rocco Di Torrepadula [1]; S. Di Martino [1]; N. Mazzocca [1] 1. Introduction Recently, new strategies have been developed to monitor [...]

Context. Jupiter-family comets (JFCs), which originate from the Kuiper belt and scattered disk, exhibit low-inclination and chaotic trajectories due to close encounters with Jupiter. Despite their typically short incursions into the inner solar system, a notable number of them are on Earth-crossing orbits, with fireball networks detecting many objects on "JFC-like" (2 < TJ < 3) orbits. Aims. This investigation aims to examine the orbital dynamics of JFCs and comet-like fireballs over 104 yr timescales, focusing on the trajectories and stability of these objects in the context of gravitational interactions within the solar system. Methods. We employed an extensive fireball dataset from Desert Fireball Network (DFN), European Fireball Network (EFN), Fireball Recovery and InterPlanetary Observation Network (FRIPON), and Meteorite Observation and Recovery Project (MORP), alongside telescopically observed cometary ephemeris from the NASA HORIZONS database. The study integrates 646 fireball orbits with 661 JFC orbits for a comparative analysis of their orbital stability and evolution. Results. The analysis confirms frequent Jupiter encounters among most JFCs, inducing chaotic orbital behavior with limited predictability and short Lyapunov lifetimes (~120 yr), underscoring Jupiter's significant dynamical influence. In contrast, "JFC-like" meteoroids detected by fireball networks largely exhibit dynamics divergent from genuine JFCs, with 79–92% on "JFC-like" orbits shown not to be prone to frequent Jupiter encounters; in particular, only 1–5% of all fireballs detected by the four networks exhibit dynamics similar to that of actual JFCs. In addition, 22% (16 of 72) of near-Earth JFCs are on highly stable orbits, suggesting a potential main belt origin for some of the bodies. Conclusions. This extensive study delineates the stark dynamical contrast between JFCs and JFC-like meteoroids detected by global fireball networks. The majority of centimeter- and meter-scale meteoroids on JFC-like orbits exhibit remarkably stable trajectories, which starkly differ from the chaotic paths of their km-scale counterparts. Our findings suggest that the JFC-like objects observed by fireball networks predominantly originate from the outer main belt, with only a minor fraction being directly attributable to traditional JFCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 3D plasmonic sensing platform that combines the properties of citrate gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and poly-(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels is proposed as a nanocomposite hybrid material for biosensing applications, whose optical properties and sensitivity can be tuned by varying the particle mean diameter as also predicted by the Mie theory. It is found that AuNPs embedded in the hydrogel network are more stable when compared to the colloidal aqueous solutions. PEGDA hydrogel physically retains the gold nanoparticles even after a full swelling process during immersion in liquids. Such a property is confirmed by exposing the AuNPs-containing PEGDA hydrogels to organic solvents and buffers that would usually cause the aggregation of the nanoparticles in solution. Moreover, biotin, as a small molecule model, has been captured, and optically detected with a transmission mode customized setup, by a cysteamine modified AuNPs-containing PEGDA hydrogel layer to achieve a biorecognition hybrid device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]