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Quality parameters, antioxidant properties, in vitro digestion and consumer acceptance were determined in pasta prepared with chickpea and chia flours. Pastas fortified with chia and chickpea increased protein, fiber content, total phenols, and antioxidant capacity with respect to the control. More than 85% of the antioxidant capacity and over 90% of the phenolic compounds in cooked pasta were retained after in vitro digestion, which is considered high. Pasta prepared with 25% wheat semolina, 10% chia flour, and 65% chickpea flour has high quality parameters, phenol content, antioxidant capacity and consumer acceptance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the antioxidant and phenolic profiles of methanol extracts from Rhizophora mangle L, Krameria erecta, Lycium berlandieri Dunal, Vallesia glabra Link and Forchammeria watsonii Rose. Methods: The free radical 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method was used for antioxidant assay of methanol plant extracts. Phenolic compounds determination was carried out by high performance liquid cromatography (HPLC) using an analytical C18 column eluting with acetonitrile on a gradient program. Results: Extract from Rhizophora mangle L and Krameria erecta displayed 5-fold higher antioxidant capacity than ascorbic acid with DPPH reduction values of 95.71 and 91 %, respectively. Anti-radical kinetic analysis and stoichiometric constant values suggest that the compounds responsible for antioxidant activity are polyphenols and flavonoids with a free or mono-substituted catechol group. Ferulic and vanillic acids had higher contents in Rhizophora mangle L (688.45 ± 18.21 and 7.13 ± 0.125 mg/g, respectively) and Krameria erecta (619.92 ± 28.16 mg/g and 22.29 ± 0.72 mg/g, respectively) than the other constituents. Conclusion: Rhizophora mangle and Krameria erecta possess five times the antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid and also demonstrate high phenolic contents, which supports the beneficial properties attributed to these plants in traditional medicine, and also justifies the use of the plants as alternative medicines [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years there has been an increase in the prevalence of allergic reactions to contact with/or consumption of crustaceans by immune responses mediated by IgE antibodies. Arginine kinase (AK) is considered one of the main allergens present in marine invertebrates. Currently, the allergenic potential of the brown crab (Callinectes bellicosus), which is a crustacean of great economic importance, has not been studied. Therefore, the aim of this work was to identify C. bellicosus AK as an allergen and to predict IgE-binding epitopes through immunobioinformatic analysis. AK was purified by precipitation with ammonium sulfate and ion- exchange chromatography. AK allergenicity was evaluated by IgE reactivity against sera from crustacean-allergic and non-allergic patients in both native and denaturing conditions. Additionally, a homology model was built based on the deduced amino acid sequence. A single band (~40 kDa) was found in SDS-PAGE, which was identified as an AK by mass spectrometry. AK showed immunoreactivity against crab-allergenic sera in both native and denaturing conditions with 70% and 80% positive reactions, respectively. Additionally, a 1073 bp ORF was obtained which codes for a deduced sequence of 357 amino acids corresponding to AK with > 90% identity with other AKs. Structural homology model of AK showed two main domains with conserved / folding of phospho-guanidine kinases. BediPred and Discotope were used for epitope prediction analysis, which suggests eight possible linear epitopes and seven conformational epitopes, respectively; and shows to be similar to other crustaceans AKs. C. bellicosus AK was identified as an allergenic protein by IgE reactivity and immunobioinformatic analysis indicates that both linear and conformational epitopes could be located in the surface of C. bellicosus AK structure., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Jacquinia macrocarpa , a plant native to northwestern Mexico, has an inhibitory effect against phytopathogenic fungi. Previous studies have shown that the butanolic extract of J. macrocarpa causes retardation and atrophy in mycelial growth of Fusarium verticillioides . However, the action mechanism of this extract is unknown. We used a proteomics approach to understand the inhibitory effect of J. macrocarpa butanolic extract, based on differential protein accumulation in F. verticillioides . Proteins were extracted from F. verticillioides cultured in Czapek broth with and without 202.12 μg/mL (IC 50 ) of butanolic extract of J. macrocarpa . Thirty-eight protein spots showing statistically significant changes (ANOVA, p < 0.01) and at least a 2-fold change in abundance between experimental conditions were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Identified proteins were grouped into different biological processes according to Gene Ontology, among them were amino acid metabolism, protein folding and stabilization, protein degradation, protein transport, carbohydrate metabolism, oxidative stress response, and miscellaneous. This work is the first report of changes in the proteomic profile of F. verticillioides exposed to the J. macrocarpa extract. This information provides new insights into the inhibitory mechanism of the extract and represents a starting point for dissection of the fungal response against the J. macrocarpa extract components.

Crustaceans are intensively farmed in aquaculture facilities where they are vulnerable to parasites, bacteria, or viruses, often severely compromising the rearing success. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is crucial for the maintenance of cellular integrity. Analogous to higher vertebrates, the UPS of crustaceans may also play an important role in stress resistance and pathogen defense. We studied the general properties of the proteasome system in the hemocytes of the whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, and the European brown shrimp Crangon crangon. The 20S proteasome was the predominant proteasome population in the hemocytes of both species. The specific activities of the trypsin-like (Try-like), chymotrypsin-like (Chy-like), and caspase-like (Cas-like) enzymes of the shrimp proteasome differed between species. P. vannamei exhibited a higher ratio of Try-like to Chy-like activities and Cas-like to Chy-like activities than C. crangon. Notably, the Chy-like activity of P. vannamei showed substrate or product inhibition at concentrations of more than 25 mmol L -1 . The K M values ranged from 0.072 mmol L -1 for the Try-like activity of P. vannamei to 0.309 mmol L -1 for the Cas-like activity of C. crangon. Inhibition of the proteasome of P. vannamei by proteasome inhibitors was stronger than in C. crangon. The pH profiles were similar in both species. The Try-like, Chy-like, and Cas-like sites showed the highest activities between pH 7.5 and 8.5. The proteasomes of both species were sensitive against repeated freezing and thawing losing ~80-90% of activity. This study forms the basis for future investigations on the shrimp response against infectious diseases, and the role of the UPS therein.

Background: Posterior-stabilized total knee prostheses were introduced to address instability secondary to loss of posterior cruciate ligament function, and they have either fixed or mobile bearings. Mobile bearings were developed to improve the function and longevity of total knee prostheses. In this study, the International Consortium of Orthopaedic Registries used a distributed health data network to study a large cohort of posterior-stabilized prostheses to determine if the outcome of a posterior-stabilized total knee prosthesis differs depending on whether it has a fixed or mobile-bearing design., Methods: Aggregated registry data were collected with a distributed health data network that was developed by the International Consortium of Orthopaedic Registries to reduce barriers to participation (e.g., security, proprietary, legal, and privacy issues) that have the potential to occur with the alternate centralized data warehouse approach. A distributed health data network is a decentralized model that allows secure storage and analysis of data from different registries. Each registry provided data on mobile and fixed-bearing posterior-stabilized prostheses implanted between 2001 and 2010. Only prostheses associated with primary total knee arthroplasties performed for the treatment of osteoarthritis were included. Prostheses with all types of fixation were included except for those with the rarely used reverse hybrid (cementless tibial and cemented femoral components) fixation. The use of patellar resurfacing was reported. The outcome of interest was time to first revision (for any reason). Multivariate meta-analysis was performed with linear mixed models with survival probability as the unit of analysis., Results: This study includes 137,616 posterior-stabilized knee prostheses; 62% were in female patients, and 17.6% had a mobile bearing. The results of the fixed-effects model indicate that in the first year the mobile-bearing posterior-stabilized prostheses had a significantly higher hazard ratio (1.86) than did the fixed-bearing posterior-stabilized prostheses (95% confidence interval, 1.28 to 2.7; p = 0.001). For all other time intervals, the mobile-bearing posterior-stabilized prostheses had higher hazard ratios; however, these differences were not significant., Conclusions: Mobile-bearing posterior-stabilized prostheses had an increased rate of revision compared with fixed-bearing posterior-stabilized prostheses. This difference was evident in the first year., (Copyright © 2014 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Incorporated.)

Chia seeds (Salvia hispanica) were analyzed for total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and quantification of phenolic acids and isoflavones by ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), in order to obtain a phenolic phytochemical profile. The total phenolic concentration was 1.8-fold higher than previous reports and the antioxidant activity using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical assay showed 68.83% inhibition, which was higher than the values reported previously for chia and different plant foods. Additionally, a simple, reproducible and rapid UHPLC method was proposed for the analysis of phenolic acids and isoflavones in chia. The method demonstrated to perform well with regard to linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision, accuracy, and sensitivity. The detection limits ranged from 0.05 to 0.4ng/mL and the recovery percentage from 23.62 to 162.48%. With this method the major compounds identified and quantified were: rosmarinic acid 0.92, protocatechuic ethyl ester 0.74, caffeic acid 0.02, gallic acid 0.01, and daidzin 0.006mg/g seed. In brief, this study demonstrates that chia could be considered a seed with high antioxidant capacity and novel isoflavone source that can be incorporated in human diet., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)