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Cities are becoming more vulnerable to climate change and need appropriate adaptation measures. Previous studies demonstrated that urban green spaces provide multiple ecosystem services, improving the health and well-being of urban residents. Yet different urban green spaces provide different services—provisioning, regulating, cultural, or supporting ones. This work aims first to understand if urban green space users perceive the different supplies of provisioning and regulating services offered by different types of urban green spaces. Second, this work seeks to determine if green roof type conditions, as well as vegetation type and access, affect the users’ perceptions of the cultural ecosystem services. This work presents the results of an image-based online survey performed among 376 Portuguese undergraduate students between March and April 2021. The survey is based on nine alternative urban space designs, varying the roof access type and vegetation types. The results show a general preference for urban green spaces with more vegetation, regardless of the type of roof, and a general preference for green spaces with better accessibility. In addition, users’ preference for no-roof conditions appears to be linked to the abundance of vegetation and quality of urban design and not to awareness of an existing roof structure and its influence on the natural processes.

This dissertation addresses an extension of a metaprogramming mechanism in low-code platforms, specifically in the OutSystems platform. As proposed in the template language OSTRICH, model templates allow developers to reuse existing and thoroughly tested code fragments in a more productive and sound development process. Code templates help to overcome developer difficulties and lack of training. For instance, the development of professionally designed user interfaces is not a skill that is common amongst developers. Scenarios like specific synchronization algorithms are the other end of the spectrum for templates in OutSystems. The GOLEM project has the chief objective of providing mechanisms for automated programming. Such automation will make programming more accessible to a larger community of developers. This work is part of those efforts. To this end, our focus will be on developing and improving the template language OSTRICH that targets the OutSystems platform. It enables the creation of code fragments like screen templates, saving the user from the cumbersome task of repeatedly constructing code complex patterns. In OSTRICH, templates are instantiated by expanding their definition in the caller context to enable further customization of the resulting code. OSTRICH preserves the structure of the original model by expanding templates in place. However, expanding the template definition in place breaks the possibility of reapplying the template in the case of an update to a newer version or changing parameters. It requires the user to repeat all customization operations on top of a new instantiation of the template. Our purpose is to solve this issue by supporting customization operations that extend to all future template updates and new parameters. This way, the user will be saved from some erroneous trials, which could, eventually, push them to give up. We plan to evaluate our work using the benchmark template examples used previously to evaluate OSTRICH. Esta dissertação aborda uma extensão de um mecanismo de metaprogramação em pla- taformas low-code, especificamente na plataforma da OutSystems. Como proposto na linguagem de template OSTRICH, os templates permitem que os utilizadores reutilizem fragmentos de código existentes e completamente testados num processo de desenvol- vimento produtivo e seguro. Estes fragmentos ajudam os utilizadores a ultrapassar as dificuldades ou falta de conhecimento em linguagens de programação. Por exemplo, a sua utilização permite criar interfaces de forma profissional, o que nem sempre é uma habilidade comum entre desenvolvedores de software. Do outro lado do espetro, estão os algoritmos de sincronização específicos para modelos em OutSystems. O projeto GOLEM tem como principal objetivo fornecer mecanismos para automatizar a programação. Esta automatização irá tornar a programação mais acessível a um maior número de pessoas. Este trabalho faz parte destes esforços. Para alcançar este objetivo, estaremos focados no desenvolvimento e melhoria da linguagem de template OSTRICH para a plataforma da OutSystems. Esta permite a cria- ção de fragmentos de código como screen templates, poupando os utilizadores da tarefa complicada de repetir padrões complexos de código. Nesta linguagem, os templates são instanciados através da expansão da sua definição para permitir a customização do código resultante. Contudo, expandir esta definição no local quebra a possibilidade de reaplicar o template em caso de atualização para uma versão mais recente ou mudança de parâmetros. Isto acaba por obrigrar o utilizador a repetir todas as operações aplicadas numa nova instanciação de template. O nosso propósito passa por resolver este problema, permitindo que as operações do utilizador possam ser reaplicadas em todas as novas atualizações do template e novos parâmetros. Desta forma, o utilizador será poupado de seguir uma apren- dizagem tentativa e erro, que poderia eventualmente levá-lo a desistir. Planeamos avaliar o nosso trabalho utilizando como referência exemplos de templates usados anteriormente para avaliar a linguagem OSTRICH.

In the past few years, it has been possible to watch a rise in technological developments in all areas, especially in Marketing, in terms of understanding better consumer’s behaviour. Hence, Voice Assistants were created in order to enhance people’s quality of life by simply doing tasks users want them to do. Additionally, self-driving cars were also an invention that could help people’s daily lives since it allows excellent efficiency in smart cities and reduces stress and costs for companies. This thesis decided to fulfil the gap and connect both technologies mentioned before since there was a lack of literature. Here, it is possible to understand which drivers affect the perceived usefulness and ease of use in adopting Voice Assistants and autonomous vehicles. Thus, it discusses consumers’ intentions to purchase self-driving cars with Voice Assistants embedded and how willing people are to spread positive feedback to their peers about these technologies together. Data collection and analyses were performed using quantitative analyses, with the help of an online survey developed based on previous literature of different researchers regarding the topics mentioned previously. Throughout this thesis, it is discussed the main conclusions withdrawn to help companies and scholars perform better in their future strategies and studies. Nos últimos anos, tem sido possível observar um aumento da evolução tecnológica em todas as áreas, especialmente em Marketing, em termos de melhor compreensão do comportamento do consumidor. Assim, foram criados Assistentes por Voz a fim de melhorar a qualidade de vida das pessoas, simplesmente fazendo tarefas que os utilizadores querem que elas façam. Além disso, os carros autónomos foram também uma invenção que pode ajudar a vida diária das pessoas, uma vez que permite uma eficiência perfeita em cidades inteligentes e reduz o stress e os custos para as empresas. Esta dissertação pretende preencher essa lacuna e juntar as duas tecnologias mencionadas anteriormente, uma vez que não existia literatura que o fizesse. Aqui, é possível compreender que fatores afetam a perceção da utilidade e da facilidade de utilização na adoção de Assistentes por Voz e de veículos autónomos. Assim, também é abordada a intenção dos consumidores em comprarem carros autónomos com Assistentes por Voz incorporados e o quão dispostos os consumidores estão a divulgar uma opinião positiva às pessoas mais próximas sobre estas tecnologias. A recolha de dados e as análises foram realizadas utilizando análises quantitativas, através de um questionário online que foi desenvolvido com base na literatura existente de diferentes investigadores relativamente aos tópicos anteriormente mencionados. Ao longo desta dissertação, são discutidas as principais conclusões retiradas para ajudar empresas e investigadores a terem um melhor desempenho nas suas estratégias e estudos futuros.

Studies developed in a scholar context report a restorative effect of nature on human beings, specifically in terms of the psychological recovery from attention fatigue and restored mental resources that were previously spent in activities that require attention. Studies usually compare the performance of children in schools with or without access to green spaces. In this study, the effect of introducing greenery into the classroom context was compared across time. The experiment was developed in two primary schools with pupils in different socioeconomic contexts, at three moments: before introducing an artificial green wall into the classroom, one month later, and one month after the introduction of vegetable pots. Results showed a significant increase in sustained and selective attention, and work memory between the experimental and the control group, notably in the third moment when vegetable pots were introduced. In the second moment (green walls), only the work memory (tested with the inversed number) showed a significant effect. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in terms of nature’s role both in terms of natural and artificial elements and the cumulative effect of direct interaction with natural elements.

Green roofs and green walls are a potential strategy to increase green spaces in the urban environment. These solutions bring multiple benefits to the cities at the economic and socio-environmental levels. However, from the point of view of private investors, green roofs and green walls often have a negative financial evaluation. Concerning this, the quantification of the benefits according to building use and occupancy could be an important tool to assist the decision-making process and guarantee returns on investment. This study aims to support the decision-making process by managers and owners of youth hostels regarding green roofs and green walls implementation. Using a structured questionnaire, users&rsquo, perceptions were assessed through a five-point Likert scale. The survey was conducted in five youth hostels in Lisbon, Portugal. Analyses were performed in two phases. Firstly, using the original sample (n = 345), and subsequently grouping homogeneous individuals through cluster analysis. The results showed that most respondents support green infrastructure installation in the hostel and consider that these solutions could provide a greater sense of individual well-being and local aesthetic improvement. However, there is no strong evidence that green infrastructure solutions are considered a deciding factor to select local lodging, despite the fact that it can be a tiebreaker factor between two similar options. Furthermore, findings have shown that 90% of the respondents from Cluster 1 and 92% from Cluster 4 are probably not willing to pay higher daily rates for youth hostels that have green infrastructure solutions in place. On the other hand, 67% of the respondents from Cluster 2 were potentially willing to pay an additional amount. For the 345 respondents, the most preferred green infrastructure typologies are indoor living wall and the accessible green roof. Moreover, findings support the gender socialization and identity theory showing that women have a greater environmental concern compared to men.

Este artigo propõe discutir a existência de mulheres estruturalmente perversas a partir da teoria psicanalítica por meio das contribuições de Freud e Lacan. Inicialmente, ao estudar a perversão, há a dificuldade de isolá-la como uma estrutura específica distinguindo-a da psicose e da neurose devido à manifestação polimorfa-perversa da sexualidade humana. Entretanto, uma das questões mais discutidas é se há mulher na estrutura perversa, ou se ela é restrita apenas aos homens.

Anthracyclines are chemotherapeutic drugs known to induce heart failure in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanisms involved in anthracycline cardiotoxicity are an area of relevant investigation. Caveolins bind, organize and regulate receptors and signaling molecules within cell membranes. Caveolin-3 (Cav-3), integrins and related membrane repair proteins can function as cardioprotective proteins. Expression of these proteins in anthracycline-induced heart failure has not been evaluated. We tested the hypothesis that daunorubicin alters cardioprotective protein expression in the heart. Rabbits were administered daunorubicin (3 mg/kg, IV) weekly, for three weeks or nine weeks. Nine weeks but not three weeks of daunorubicin resulted in progressive reduced left ventricular function. Cav-3 expression in the heart was unchanged at three weeks of daunorubicin and increased in nine week treated rabbits when compared to control hearts. Electron microscopy showed caveolae in the heart were increased and mitochondrial number and size were decreased after nine weeks of daunorubicin. Activated beta-1 (β1) integrin and the membrane repair protein MG53 were increased after nine weeks of daunorubicin vs. controls with no change at the three week time point. The results suggest a potential pathophysiological role for Cav3, integrins and membrane repair in daunorubicin-induced heart failure.

Background: Talin is an integrin-actin linker essential for integrin activation. Results: Talin1 has distinct developmental and postnatal expression in heart versus Talin2. Cardiac-myocyte specific Talin1 deletion alters physiological and molecular responses of the myocardium to stress. Conclusion: Talin1 has a unique mechanotransductive role in the cardiomyocyte. Significance: Reduction of talin1 in cardiomyocytes may have beneficial effects in the stressed myocardium., Integrins are adhesive, signaling, and mechanotransduction proteins. Talin (Tln) activates integrins and links it to the actin cytoskeleton. Vertebrates contain two talin genes, tln1 and tln2. How Tln1 and Tln2 function in cardiac myocytes (CMs) is unknown. Tln1 and Tln2 expression were evaluated in the normal embryonic and adult mouse heart as well as in control and failing human adult myocardium. Tln1 function was then tested in the basal and mechanically stressed myocardium after cardiomyocyte-specific excision of the Tln1 gene. During embryogenesis, both Tln forms are highly expressed in CMs, but in the mature heart Tln2 becomes the main Tln isoform, localizing to the costameres. Tln1 expression is minimal in the adult CM. With pharmacological and mechanical stress causing hypertrophy, Tln1 is up-regulated in CMs and is specifically detected at costameres, suggesting its importance in the compensatory response to CM stress. In human failing heart, CM Tln1 also increases compared with control samples from normal functioning myocardium. To directly test Tln1 function in CMs, we generated CM-specific Tln1 knock-out mice (Tln1cKO). Tln1cKO mice showed normal basal cardiac structure and function but when subjected to pressure overload showed blunted hypertrophy, less fibrosis, and improved cardiac function versus controls. Acute responses of ERK1/2, p38, Akt, and glycogen synthase kinase 3 after mechanical stress were strongly blunted in Tln1cKO mice. Given these results, we conclude that Tln1 and Tln2 have distinct functions in the myocardium. Our data show that reduction of CM Tln1 expression can lead to improved cardiac remodeling following pressure overload.

The child subverts the condition in which he comes into the world when ascending to a biped posture and falls under the logos of reason by the transformation resulting from sight improvement and by the incidence of repression in the primordial forms of communication: smell and recognition of the maternal voice. This new apparatus engages the child in an investigative activity regarding sex: sexual curiosity of infancy transforms itself into a craving for knowledge; a journey guided by desire. Knowledge is a mystery to be revealed along the paths chosen by the subject to write his history. An assignment driven by desire contributes to the constitution of subjectivity, brought on by the encounter with the absence captured in the Other.

How the myocardium undergoes geometric, structural and molecular alterations that results in an end phenotype as might be seen in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy or following myocardial infarction (MI), is still poorly understood. Structural modification of the left ventricle which occurs during these pathological states results from chronic changes in loading conditions and is commonly referred to as “remodeling.” Remodeling may occur from increased wall stress in the face of hypertensive heart disease, valvular disease or perhaps most dramatically, following permanent coronary occlusion(Opie et al., 2006). A fundamental derangement of myocyte function is the most common perception for the basis of “remodeling” but the role of cells in the heart other than the muscle cell must of course be considered. While studies of the myocyte have been extensive, cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) have been studied less than myocytes. The fibroblast has a broad range of functions in the myocardium ranging from elaboration and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), to communication of a range of signals within the heart, including electrical, chemical and mechanical ones(Baudino et al., 2006). Integrins are cell surface receptors that are instrumental in mediating cell-matrix interactions in all cells of the organism, including all types within the myocardium. This review will focus on the role of integrins and related proteins in the remodeling process, with a particular emphasis on the cardiac fibroblast. We will illustrate this function by drawing upon two unique mouse models with perturbation of proteins linked to integrin function.

Talins are adaptor proteins that connect the integrin family of cell adhesion receptors to cytoskeletal actin. Vertebrates express two closely related talins encoded by separate genes, and while it is well established that talin1 plays a key role in cell adhesion and spreading, little is known about the role of talin2. To facilitate such studies, we report the characterisation of 4 new isoform-specific talin mouse monoclonal antibodies that work in Western blotting, immuno-precipitation, immuno-fluorescence and immuno-histochemistry. Using these antibodies, we show that talin1 and talin2 do not form heterodimers, and that they are differentially localised within the cell. Talin1 was concentrated in peripheral focal adhesions while talin2 was observed in both focal and fibrillar adhesions, and knock-down of talin2 compromised fibronectin fibrillogenesis. Although differentiated human macrophages express both isoforms, only talin1 showed discrete staining and was localised to the ring structure of podosomes. However, siRNA-mediated knock-down of macrophage talin2 led to a significant reduction in podosomal matrix degradation. We have also used the antibodies to localise each isoform in tissue sections using both cryostat and paraffin-embedded material. In skeletal muscle talin2 was localised to both myotendinous junctions and costameres while talin1 was restricted to the former structure. In contrast, both isoforms co-localised in kidney with staining of the glomerulus, and the tubular epithelial and interstitial cells of the cortex and medulla. We anticipate that these antibodies will form a valuable resource for future studies on the function of the two major talin isoforms.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo apresentar, o percurso de construção psicanalítica dos conceitos de pulsão de morte e de gozo, com o intuito de identificar e traçar possíveis entrelaçamentos em relação à manifestação do fenômeno de automutilação na contemporaneidade. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de delineamento qualitativo de cunho exploratório e interpretativo. No Estudo 1, foram analisadas as informações contidas nos prontuários do SEPA, nos quais identificou-se algumas informações sócio demográficas e foi desenvolvida também uma outra tabela para a organização das duas categorias para análise de conteúdo de Bardin. No Estudo 2, foram realizadas entrevistas semi estruturadas com participantes selecionados do estudo 1, com histórico de prática de automutilação. A partir dessas entrevistas, foram identificadas subcategorias de conteúdo que foram analisadas segundo Bardin. Os resultados obtidos apontam que os participantes tiveram como momento de início da prática de automutilação o período da adolescência. Assim, a angústia advém do real da puberdade, compreendido como mudança corporal que fura o simbólico ameaçando o que se defronta com ela. Ao pulsar via compulsão à repetição, a pulsão de morte constrói uma possibilidade de ser escutada, e devido a esse encontro, pode adentrar na malha representacional. Com efeito, é possível compreender a automutilação como uma tentativa de simbolização, dessa forma, seria o sintoma em forma de ato para tentar lidar com a angústia.[resumo fornecido pelo autor] The present study aimed to present the path of psychoanalytic construction of the concepts of death drive and jouissance, in order to identify and trace possible intertwinings in relation to the manifestation of the phenomenon of self-mutilation in contemporary times. For that, a qualitative study of exploratory and interpretative nature was carried out. In Study 1, the information contained in the SEPA records was analyzed, in which some socio-demographic information was identified and another table was also developed for the organization of the two categories for Bardin's content analysis. In Study 2, semi-structured interviews were carried out with selected participants from Study 1, with a history of self-mutilation. From these interviews, content subcategories were identified and analyzed according to Bardin. The results obtained indicate that the participants had the period of adolescence as the beginning of the practice of self-mutilation. Thus, anguish comes from the real of puberty, understood as a bodily change that pierces the symbolic threatening what is faced with it. When pulsating via repetition compulsion, the death drive builds a possibility of being heard, and due to this encounter, it can enter the representational mesh. Indeed, it is possible to understand self-mutilation as an attempt at symbolization, in this way, it would be the symptom in the form of an act to try to deal with anguish. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]

Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2019 Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-04T22:58:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-12-30 Hospital São Francisco Xavier e Farmácia Higiénica

Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Protecção das Plantas - Instituto Superior de Agronomia As plantas desenvolveram mecanismos funcionais e metabólicos como uma estratégia de defesa para sobreviver em ambientes adversos. Terpenóides, alcalóides, flavonóides e compostos fenólicos são biosintetizados e acumulados em organelos celulares ou em estruturas secretoras. Sendo assim, as plantas são uma fonte valiosa de produtos naturais e são usadas em medicina tradicional. O estudo das plantas proporciona novas ferramentas para o tratamento várias doenças e infeções. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a micromorfologia da folha, atividade antibacteriana e antifúngica, potencial sinérgico e determinação do perfil fitoquímico de três espécies nativas da Guiné-Bissau, conhecidas por possuírem propriedades etnobotânicas: Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, Zanthoxylum leprieurii e Hymenocardia acida. O material vegetal foi recolhido na Guiné-Bissau. As folhas foram observadas em microscopia de campo claro, microscopia de fluorescência e microscopia eletrónica de varrimento. Extratos de polaridade crescente foram obtidos por extração sequencial do material vegetal e posteriormente testados contra bactérias Gram-positivas, Gram-negativas e fungos. A concentração mínima inibitória (CMI) e a concentração mínima bacteriostática (CMB) foram determinadas. O potencial sinérgico foi avaliado e o índice da concentração inibitória fracionária (ICIF) foi calculado. O perfil fitoquímico foi realizado por TLC em sílica gel. Foi possível identificar características micromorfologicas que permitem a diferenciação das espécies de Zanthoxylum. Os testes histoquímicos revelaram que as diferenças entre estas são de natureza quantitativa e não qualitativa. Para H. acida foi detetada a presença de vários compostos, sendo que os extratos apolares são os mais ativos, capazes de inibir o crescimento de bactérias Gram-positivas. Extratos de espécies de Zanthoxylum revelaram atividade contra Grampositivas e fungos, e quando combinados com antibióticos demostraram um efeito sinérgico, revertendo a atividade antibacteriana em estirpes resistentes. Os resultados obtidos enfatizam o valor de estudos adicionais para melhor compreensão dos compostos e mecanismos que podem ser fundamentais para ultrapassar a problemática da resistência das bactérias aos antibióticos N/A