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1. Intranasal Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Immunization with Lipid Adjuvants Provides Systemic and Mucosal Immune Response against SARS-CoV-2 S1 Spike and Nucleocapsid Protein

Author

Anirban Sengupta, Mohammad Azharuddin, Maria E. Cardona, Claudia Devito, Eleanore von Castelmur, Anna Wehlin, Zuzanna Pietras, Maria Sunnerhagen, Robert Selegård, Daniel Aili, Ali Alamer, Jorma Hinkula, and Noha Al-Otaibi

Subjects
pandemic, COVID-19, immunity, vaccine, formula, antigen, Medicine
Abstract

In this preclinical two-dose mucosal immunization study, using a combination of S1 spike and nucleocapsid proteins with cationic (N3)/or anionic (L3) lipids were investigated using an intranasal delivery route. The study showed that nasal administration of low amounts of antigens/adjuvants induced a primary and secondary immune response in systemic IgG, mIL-5, and IFN-gamma secreting T lymphocytes, as well as humoral IgA in nasal and intestinal mucosal compartments. It is believed that recipients will benefit from receiving a combination of viral antigens in promoting a border immune response against present and evolving contagious viruses. Lipid adjuvants demonstrated an enhanced response in the vaccine effect. This was seen in the significant immunogenicity effect when using the cationic lipid N3. Unlike L3, which showed a recognizable effect when administrated at a slightly higher concentration. Moreover, the findings of the study proved the efficiency of an intranasally mucosal immunization strategy, which can be less painful and more effective in enhancing the respiratory tract immunity against respiratory infectious diseases.

Published
2022
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2. Probiotics in gnotobiotic mice Conversion of cholesterol to coprostanol in vitro and in vivo and bile acid deconjugation in vitro

Author

Maria E. Cardona, Vibeke de V. Vanay, K. Elisabeth Norin, and Tore Midtvedt

Subjects
Bile acid, biology, medicine.drug_class, General Engineering, food and beverages, biology.organism_classification, law.invention, Microbiology, Coprostanol, chemistry.chemical_compound, Probiotic, chemistry, Glycodeoxycholic acid, Biochemistry, law, In vivo, Lactobacillus, medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Taurodeoxycholic acid, General Environmental Science, Bifidobacterium
Abstract

The intestinal flora may act on cholesterol metabolism either, directly by converting the molecule to coprostanol, or indirectly, by influencing upon intestinal bile acid metabolism, mainly by deconjugation. In the present study, sixteen probiotic strains belonging to the genera: Bifidobacterium , Enterococcus , Lactobacillus and Streptococcus were investigated for possible direct action on cholesterol metabolism in vitro and in vivo in ex-germfree mice monoassociated with each probiotic. Additionally, deconjugation of taurodeoxycholic acid (TDC) and of glycodeoxycholic acid (GDC) was investigated in vitro as an indirect effect upon cholesterol metabolism, using the same strains. Gas-liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography were used. None of the probiotic strains, was able to transform cholesterol to coprostanol in vitro or in vivo . Of the total probiotics analyzed, B. bifidum B12, L. acidophilus La5, L. acidophilus ATCC4356, L. fermentum ATCC14931, L. plantarum 299v, L. rhamnosus ATCC7469 and E. faecium were able to deconjugate both TDC and GDC in vitro . We conclude that the formation of coprostanol does not account for the supposed cholesterol-lowering effect of the probiotics tested. As some of the probiotics were able to deconjugate TDC and/or GDC in vitro , this microbial function should be studied more extensively in vivo . Keywords: germfree, monoassociated, probiotics, cholesterol, coprostanol, bile acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid.

Published
2011

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