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The rights patient as a set of rights due to the use of health services in Poland result from the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. They are regulated by the whole regulations. The aim of this work is to present the rights patient and duties in primary care.

Abstract Background Due to numerous blood exposures hospital staff are at risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. This study aimed at estimating prevalence of HBV, associated risk factors and HBV vaccination among Polish health care workers (HCWs). Methods A cross-sectional sero-survey was conducted (October 2016–January 2018) in 10 randomly selected hospitals from two provinces: of low and high incidence of HBV, with the use of an anonymous, self- administered questionnaire. Blood samples were screened for hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBc) with enzyme immunoassay. Results Of the 306 participating HCWs, 88.6% were females, 69.9% nurses (mean age 47.8 ± 9.0 years). HBV vaccination was reported by 94.2%, participants (4.7% with 2 doses, 58.1% with 3 doses, 37.2% took a booster), but of these 75.1% reported no post-immunization serology. The sero-prevalence of anti-HBc was 12.1% (95%CI 8.4–15.7%); only 11.1% had ever screened themselves for HBV infection. Out of 37 anti-HBc positive HCWs, 29 reported being vaccinated for HBV; 10.5% vaccinated HCWs were anti-HBc positive. Regarding other occupational risk factors, 27.8% had experienced a sharp injury (SI) in the last year, 80.0% of incidents were not reported. The use of safety devices (SD) was 86.3%; 35.9% participants used to recap a needle. Older age (OR = 4.24), lack of HBV vaccination (OR = 7.42), working at the province of high HBV incidence in the general population (OR = 2.69) were each predictors of participant’s HBV infection. Conclusions High anti-HBc seroprevalence was found in hospital staff with older generation particularly constituting a risk group. Unsatisfactory vaccination coverage and the use of SDs, needle recapping and under-reporting of SIs were main modifiable risk factors regarding HBV infection. The study provides evidence of the protective role of HBV vaccine, as well as the possible effect of HBV incidence in the general population on HCW’s anti-HBc seropositivity. Universal vaccination, followed by strict policies to confirm immunity, better compliance with infection-control practices and widespread implementation of SDs should be enforced to protect hospital staff from occupationally acquired HBV infections.

This article examines the role of social conflicts in the context of migration and discusses the relation between such conflicts and institutional change. We understand conflicts as tensions that evoke contradiction between different social groups or institutional actors. Varied urban contexts together with dynamic immigration of heterogeneous population groups can induce negotiation processes that affect institutional settings and actors. Conflicts have therefore been an integral part of urban coexistence, and cities have always been places where these conflicts play out. We assume that conflicts are social phenomena, which have multiple causes and effects. Public assumptions about conflicts in connection with migration often have a negative or destructive impetus, while conflict theory ascribes to conflicts potential positive effects on societal change. Conflicts can represent forms of socialization and the possibility of adapting or changing social conditions. This article discusses the extent to which migration-related conflicts induce institutional change. Using qualitative empirical results from the BMBF-funded research project MigraChance, we present a case study that reconstructs the emergence and course of a conflict surrounding the construction of a Syriac-Orthodox church in Bebra (Hesse) in the 1990s. Analyzing this conflict both in depth and in relation to its local context, we show that migration is only one part of what we refer to as migration-related conflicts, and we shed light on the complexity of factors that can result in institutional change. Change can also occur indirectly, in small steps, and with ambivalent normative implications.

Sleep disorders are a significant problem in the dialysis patient population. They range from 30 to 80% of patients with kidney disease. Sleep submergers carry a wide range of consequences, both psychological and somatic. Obstructive sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, excessive daytime sleepiness and insomnia are the most common sleep disturbances among dialysis patients. The aim of the study was to analyze the conditions and the most frequently occurring sleep disorders in patients with chronic kidney disease, dialyzed based on the subject literature review. Sleep disorders are both quantitative and qualitative. They carry numerous negative effects in the sphere of mental and somatic health of the patient, they decrease the overall quality of life. They heighten the already increased cardiovascular risk in the dialysis population. Therefore, early recognition and treatment of sleep disorders in dialysis patients is important. Periodic assessment of the sleep quality of a dialysis patient should be included in the therapy standard.

An intensive increase in the occurrence of chronic diseases in the population of children and adolescents is observed. These diseases may disturb the child's psycho-physical development process and the education process. Early diagnosis and coordinated therapy at the level of primary care may limit these disorders. The work of a nurse in the teaching and upbringing environment, which is a link between communication between the health care system and the school environment, is invaluable. Its full range of services allows early detection of disorders in the development and health of the child and development of an individual childcare plan with the parent and teachers taking into account the teaching process. The aim of the work was to present the tasks of the primary care system in the provision of care for chronically diseases children.

Kidney transplantation is considered to be the optimal treatment for end-stage renal disease. The main goal of renal replacement therapy is to prolong life as well as improve its quality. The key here is the education of the patient, which is conducted by a transplant physician, a transplant nurse and a nutritionist. Nursing staff taking care of a patient after a kidney transplant should have the ability to correctly diagnose and resolve nursing problems. The aim of the work is to present the role of a nurse in patient care after kidney transplant. Nurses pursuing health education focus primarily on shaping individual patient health behaviors.

Despite the continuous development of medical science, the number of patients with chronic kidney disease has increased steadily, including the need for peritoneal dialysis. The aim of this work is to present the role of a nurse in the care of a dialysed peritoneal patient. The nurse from the peritoneal dialysis department is actively involved in the therapy process from qualification to renal replacement therapy, catheter implantation, through training, dialysis center visits, to complication hospitalization. Thanks to education, it improves the effectiveness of dialysis, reduces the risk of complications and simultaneously improves quality of life.

With the progress of medicine and the improvement in the quality of life, the number of patients with chronic kidney disease, including those involved in the hemodialysis program, is increasing. This method of treating renal replacement therapy is a chance for patients to prolong life, but at the same time poses the risk of many complications associated with this therapy. Nursing staff who handle the patient during hemodialysis should have the ability to correctly identify and solve problems, thus giving the patient and his family a greater sense of security. Careful observation of the patient in terms of the possibility of complications and immediate response are crucial in the care of a hemodialysis patient.

Chronic kidney disease affects about 11% of adults. This syndrome is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Because of the progression of the disease and the consequences of renal replacement therapy, education of the patient is extremely important. Special role is attributed to nurses here. The purpose of this is to present the role of a nurse in the care of a patient with chronic kidney disease. Education is addressed both to the patient and to his loved ones. The development of centers specializing in the care of patients with kidney disease provides an opportunity to improve the quality of care, especially for patients with advanced disease.

Social differentiation has developed to be one of the crucial characteristics of urban development in Eastern Germany's large cities, an issue that is increasingly reflected in daily life perceptions and policy-making. This development can be especially observed in those cities that, after a phase of shrinkage in the 1990s, have seen new growth during the last years. The focus is here on social differentiation that we understand as an increase in social inequalities, and on social heterogeneity that is understood as pluralization of cultural and religious identities, lifestyles and living environments. Set against this background, the paper discusses social differentiation and increasing heterogeneity in Leipzig with a focus on daily life perceptions by the residents and local policy development. It analyses how social difference and increasing heterogeneity have become an issue for daily routines and practices as well as for policy formulation and how both perspectives interact. The paper is based on a multi-dimensional understanding of heterogeneity including the socio-economic, demographic, lifestyle and ethnic-migration dimension. Spatially, both the total city and neighbourhood perspective are in focus. The paper concludes, among others, that social heterogeneity in its horizontal dimension is being recognised and accepted and that this is reflected by policy development as well. This does not apply in the same manner for increasing social inequalities. The example of Leipzig shows, furthermore, that there is a need for more differentiation in the local discourse with respect to the explicit recognition of horizontal difference, the need to counteract vertical social inequalities and the fact that out of the interaction/intersection of both dimensions, a bundle of new equivocalities and complexities emerge.

Pluta Agnieszka, Jaczek–Kierzenkowska Jolanta, Faleńczyk Kamila, Budnik‑Szymoniuk Maria, Basińska-Drozd Halina, Marzec Alicja. Palenie tytoniu i spożywanie alkoholu przez młodzieży ponadgimnazjalną Zespołu Szkół Chemicznych w Bydgoszczy = Smoking and alcohol consumption by high school youth of the School of Chemistry in Bydgoszcz. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(8):21-27. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.59613 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3723 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.07.2016. Revised 25.07.2016. Accepted: 28.07.2016. Palenie tytoniu i spożywanie alkoholu przez młodzieży ponadgimnazjalną Zespołu Szkół Chemicznych w Bydgoszczy Smoking and alcohol consumption by high school youth of the School of Chemistry in Bydgoszcz Agnieszka Pluta1, Jolanta Jaczek–Kierzenkowska2, Kamila Faleńczyk1, Maria Budnik‑Szymoniuk1, Halina Basińska-Drozd1, Alicja Marzec1 1Zakład Pielęgniarstwa Społecznego, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy 2WOZ "GRYF-MED" w Bydgoszczy 1Department of Community Nursing Faculty of Health Sciences Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń 2WOZ”GRYF-MED” In Bydgoszcz Słowa kluczowe: palenie tytoniu, spożycie alkoholu, młodzież szkolna, szkoła ponadgimnazjalna. Keywords: tobacco smoking, alcohol, youth, senior high school. Abstract Introduction. Smoking and alcohol consumption are the most common risky behaviors undertaken by young people. These behaviors determine the state of health of the younger generation and also future parents. Material and methods. The study included the number of 100 students in grades matriculation of the School of Chemistry in Bydgoszcz. The work as a research tool used by his own questionnaire. Objective. The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence of smoking and alcohol use among high school youth, final award of the School of Chemistry in Bydgoszcz. Results. Youth male accounted for most of the study group - 54 persons (54.0%). The vast majority of 66 persons (66%) did not smoke cigarettes. Among smokers the highest percentage of pupils 18 (52.9%) declared burning cigarettes less than a pack a day. Alcohol consumption was declared by 83 students (83%), of which the largest percentage of 42% only occasionally. Conclusions. It was found a high prevalence of smoking and alcohol consumption among adolescents final award of the School of Chemistry in Bydgoszcz. Smoking and alcohol consumption was more prevalent among young males living in rural areas. Streszczenie Wprowadzenie. Palenie tytoniu i spożywanie alkoholu to najczęstsze zachowania ryzykowne podejmowane przez młodzież. Zachowania te warunkują stan zdrowia młodego pokolenia i jednocześnie przyszłych rodziców. Materiał i metoda. Badaniami objęto liczbę 100 uczniów klas maturalnych Zespołu Szkół Chemicznych w Bydgoszczy. W pracy jako narzędzie badawcze wykorzystano kwestionariusz ankiety własnego autorstwa. Cel. Celem pracy była analiza występowania palenia tytoniu i spożywania alkoholu wśród młodzieży ponadgimnazjalnej, maturalnej Zespołu Szkół Chemicznych w Bydgoszczy. Wyniki. Młodzież płci męskiej stanowiła większość w badanej grupie – 54 osoby (54,0%). Zdecydowana większość 66 osoby (66%) nie paliła papierosów. Wśród palących największy odsetek uczniów 18(52,9%) deklarował wypalanie papierosów mniej niż paczki dziennie. Spożywanie alkoholu deklarowało 83 uczniów (83%) z czego największy odsetek 42% tylko okazjonalnie. Wnioski. Stwierdzono wysokie rozpowszechnienie palenia papierosów i spożywania alkoholu wśród młodzieży maturalnej Zespołu Szkół Chemicznych w Bydgoszczy. Palenie papierosów i spożywanie alkoholu częściej rozpowszechnione było wśród młodzieży płci męskiej mieszkającej na wsi.

Pluta Agnieszka, Budnik-Szymoniuk Maria. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(7):540-547. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.58956 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3718 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.07.2016. Revised 25.07.2016. Accepted: 28.07.2016. Korzystny wpływ kwasów omega-3 na rozwój dziecka The beneficial effect of omega-3 acids on child development Agnieszka Pluta, Maria Budnik-Szymoniuk Department of Community Nursing Faculty of Health Sciences Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Zakład Pielęgniarstwa Społecznego Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu Keywords: child development, omega-3acids, supplementation. Słowa kluczowe: rozwój dziecka, kwasy omega-3, suplementacja. Abstract Fatty acids are one of the determinants of normal development of the child. A special role is attributed to omega-3 acids. Representative of this group of acids include alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. The paper presents the biological activity of omega-3 with a particular focus on their impact on child development. Streszczenie Kwasy tłuszczowe są jednym z determinantów prawidłowego rozwoju dziecka. Szczególną rolę przypisuje się kwasom omega-3. Przedstawicielami tej grupy kwasów są kwas alfa-linolenowy, dokozaheksaenowy oraz eikozapentaenowy. W pracy przedstawiono aktywność biologiczną kwasów omega-3 ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ich wpływu na rozwój dziecka.

Pluta Agnieszka, Jaczek-Kierzenkowska Jolanta, Faleńczyk Kamila, Budnik-Szymoniuk Maria, Basińska-Drozd Halina, Kujawa Wiesława. Aktywność fizyczna u młodzieży ponadgimnazjalnej Zespołu Szkół Chemicznych w Bydgoszczy = Physical activity at school youth team Chemical Schools in Bydgoszcz. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(7):556-565. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.59125 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3720 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.07.2016. Revised 25.07.2016. Accepted: 28.07.2016. Aktywność fizyczna u młodzieży ponadgimnazjalnej Zespołu Szkół Chemicznych w Bydgoszczy Physical activity at school youth team Chemical Schools in Bydgoszcz Agnieszka Pluta1, Jolanta Jaczek-Kierzenkowska2, Kamila Faleńczyk1, Maria Budnik‑Szymoniuk1, Halina Basińska-Drozd, Wiesława Kujawa1,2 1Zakład Pielęgniarstwa Społecznego Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu 2WOZ "GRYF-MED" w Bydgoszczy 1Department of Community Nursing Faculty of Health Sciences Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń 2WOZ”GRYF-MED” In Bydgoszcz Słowa kluczowe: aktywność fizyczna, ruch, młodzież. Keywords: physical activity, movement, youth. Abstract Introduction. Physical activity is any body movement necessary for daily life or part of the exercise program. In addition to nutrition is a key determinant of health at every stage of human life. Particularly important in childhood and adolescence, when it is essential for the proper development of both physical, biological and motor. Increased motor activity is beneficial to a number of characteristics not only of physiological and immunological but adaptive as well as the correct course of a number of metabolic and hormonal processes. Material and methods. The study included the number of 100 students in grades Baccalaureate School of Chemical in Bydgoszcz. The work as a research tool used by his own questionnaire and the analysis of reporting forms from the study screening and health surveillance. The aim of this study was to assess physical activity in school youth. Results. Youth male accounted for most of the study group - 54 persons (54.0%). The test young people were divided into two age: 19 years and 20 years. Most were 19 - year olds - 59 persons (59.0%). Conclusions. The level of activity of youth is insufficient. Slightly higher levels of physical activity showed girls deficient weight and rural residents. The lowest level of physical activity presented overweight people. Streszczenie Wprowadzenie. Aktywność fizyczna to każdy ruch ciała konieczny do codziennego życia lub część programu ćwiczeniowego. Obok odżywiania jest kluczowym czynnikiem determinującym zdrowie na każdym etapie życia człowieka. Szczególnego znaczenia nabiera w dzieciństwie i młodości, kiedy jest niezbędna dla prawidłowego rozwoju zarówno fizycznego, biologicznego jak i motorycznego. Zwiększona aktywność ruchowa wpływa korzystnie na szereg właściwości nie tylko fizjologicznych, ale i odpornościowych, adaptacyjnych, a także na prawidłowy przebieg szeregu procesów metabolicznych i hormonalnych. Materiał i metoda. Badaniami objęto liczbę 100 uczniów klas maturalnych Zespołu Szkół Chemicznych w Bydgoszczy. W pracy jako narzędzie badawcze wykorzystano kwestionariusz ankiety własnego autorstwa oraz analizę formularzy sprawozdawczych z przeprowadzonych badań przesiewowych i profilaktycznych badań lekarskich. Cel. Celem niniejszej pracy była ocena aktywności fizycznej u młodzieży ponadgimnazjalnej. Wyniki. Młodzież płci męskiej stanowiła większość w badanej grupie – 54 osoby (54,0%). Badaną młodzież podzielono na dwie grupy wiekowe: 19 lat i 20 lat. Większość stanowili 19 - latkowie – 59 osób (59,0%). Wnioski. Poziom aktywności młodzieży jest niewystarczający. Nieznacznie wyższy poziom aktywności fizycznej wykazywały dziewczęta z niedoborem masy ciała oraz mieszkańcy wsi. Najniższy poziom aktywności fizycznej prezentowały osoby z nadwagą.

Pluta Agnieszka, Jaczek-Kierzenkowska Jolanta, Faleńczyk Kamila, Budnik‑Szymoniuk Maria, Basińska-Drozd Halina. Związek między zachowaniami żywieniowymi a występowaniem otyłości u młodzieży ponadgimnazjalnej Zespołu Szkół Chemicznych w Bydgoszczy. Zachowania żywieniowe i otyłość u młodzieży ponadgimnazjalnej = The relationship between dietary behavior and obesity at the high school youth team Chemical Schools in Bydgoszcz. Eating behavior and obesity in high school youth. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(5):435-444. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.18060 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%285%29%3A435-444 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/562263 http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18060 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011 – 2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja. Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie. Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r. The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014). © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 20.03.2015. Revised 18.04.2015. Accepted: 24.05.2015. Związek między zachowaniami żywieniowymi a występowaniem otyłości u młodzieży ponadgimnazjalnej Zespołu Szkół Chemicznych w Bydgoszczy. Zachowania żywieniowe i otyłość u młodzieży ponadgimnazjalnej The relationship between dietary behavior and obesity at the high school youth team Chemical Schools in Bydgoszcz. Eating behavior and obesity in high school youth Agnieszka Pluta1, Jolanta Jaczek-Kierzenkowska2, Kamila Faleńczyk1, Maria Budnik‑Szymoniuk1, Halina Basińska-Drozd1 1Zakład Pielęgniarstwa Społecznego, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy 2WOZ "GRYF-MED" w Bydgoszczy Adres do korespondencji / Address for correspondence dr n. o zdrowiu Agnieszka Pluta Zakład Pielęgniarstwa Społecznego, Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu ul. Łukasiewicza 1, Bydgoszcz 85-801 e-mail: agnieszkapluta@poczta.onet.pl Streszczenie Wprowadzenie. Pozytywne zachowania żywieniowe warunkują zdrowy styl życia dzieci i młodzieży. Nieprawidłowe zachowania żywieniowe są przyczyną wielu zaburzeń i chorób zarówno w wieku szkolnym jak i dorosłym. Wśród najczęściej występujących zaburzeń jest otyłość, która warunkuje szereg innych schorzeń jak na przykład cukrzyca, choroby układu sercowo-naczyniowego, osteoporoza czy wady postawy. Dzieciństwo jest okresem najwłaściwszym na ukształtowanie pozytywnych zachowań. Materiał i metoda. Badaniami objęto liczbę 100 uczniów klas maturalnych Zespołu Szkół Chemicznych w Bydgoszczy. W pracy jako narzędzie badawcze wykorzystano kwestionariusz ankiety własnego autorstwa oraz analizę formularzy sprawozdawczych z przeprowadzonych badań przesiewowych i profilaktycznych badań lekarskich. Cel. Celem niniejszej pracy była analiza zachowań żywieniowych i ich wpływ na występowanie otyłości u młodzieży ponadgimnazjalnej. Wyniki. Młodzież płci męskiej stanowiła większość w badanej grupie – 54 osoby (54,0%). Większość uczniów, to osoby o wartości prawidłowej wskaźnika BMI – 51,0%. Poniżej tej wartości odnotowano 9,0% uczniów, powyżej 40,0% uczniów, z czego większość to osoby z nadwagą – 35,0%. Średnia wartość wskaźnika BMI u mężczyzn była istotnie statystycznie wyższa niż u kobiet 24,80±3,49 vs 22,82±3,88; p

Fungi of Ascomycetes and Deuteromycetes occurring in summer 1973 within living and partly brown one-year-old Scotch pine needles are given in this paper.

An investigation was carried out on the occurrence of the fungus Lophodermium pinastri (Schrad.) Chév. in pine stands and which were in highly industrialized areas with a high level of toxic air pollutants. The basis for estimating the occurrence were the signs of this pathogen on dead pine needles in the litter. In all 57 thousand needles from 57 pine stands of different age were analysed.