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1. Relevance of individual bronchial symptoms for asthma diagnosis and control in patients with rhinitis: A MASK‐air study

Author

Bernardo Sousa‐Pinto, Gilles Louis, Rafael J. Vieira, Wienczyslawa Czarlewski, Josep M. Anto, Rita Amaral, Ana Sá‐Sousa, Luisa Brussino, G. Walter Canonica, Claudia Chaves Loureiro, Alvaro A. Cruz, Bilun Gemicioglu, Tari Haahtela, Maciej Kupczyk, Violeta Kvedariene, Desirée E. Larenas‐Linnemann, Nhân Pham‐Thi, Francesca Puggioni, Frederico S. Regateiro, Jan Romantowski, Joaquin Sastre, Nicola Scichilone, Luis Taborda‐Barata, Maria Teresa Ventura, Ioana Agache, Anna Bedbrook, Alida Benfante, Karl C. Bergmann, Sinthia Bosnic‐Anticevich, Matteo Bonini, Louis‐Philippe Boulet, Guy Brusselle, Roland Buhl, Lorenzo Cecchi, Denis Charpin, Elisio M. Costa, Stefano Del Giacco, Marek Jutel, Ludger Klimek, Piotr Kuna, Daniel Laune, Mika Makela, Mario Morais‐Almeida, Rachel Nadif, Marek Niedoszytko, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Alberto Papi, Oliver Pfaar, Daniela Rivero‐Yeverino, Nicolas Roche, Boleslaw Samolinski, Mohamed H. Shamji, Aziz Sheikh, Charlotte Suppli Ulrik, Omar S. Usmani, Arunas Valiulis, Arzu Yorgancioglu, Torsten Zuberbier, Joao A. Fonseca, Benoit Pétré, Renaud Louis, Jean Bousquet, and MASK‐air think tank

Subjects
asthma, diagnosis, dyspnea, mHealth, wheezing, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Abstract Rationale It is unclear how each individual asthma symptom is associated with asthma diagnosis or control. Objectives To assess the performance of individual asthma symptoms in the identification of patients with asthma and their association with asthma control. Methods In this cross‐sectional study, we assessed real‐world data using the MASK‐air® app. We compared the frequency of occurrence of five asthma symptoms (dyspnea, wheezing, chest tightness, fatigue and night symptoms, as assessed by the Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test [CARAT] questionnaire) in patients with probable, possible or no current asthma. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of each symptom, and assessed the association between each symptom and asthma control (measured using the e‐DASTHMA score). Results were validated in a sample of patients with a physician‐established diagnosis of asthma. Measurement and Main Results We included 951 patients (2153 CARAT assessments), with 468 having probable asthma, 166 possible asthma and 317 no evidence of asthma. Wheezing displayed the highest specificity (90.5%) and positive predictive value (90.8%). In patients with probable asthma, dyspnea and chest tightness were more strongly associated with asthma control than other symptoms. Dyspnea was the symptom with the highest sensitivity (76.1%) and the one consistently associated with the control of asthma as assessed by e‐DASTHMA. Consistent results were observed when assessing patients with a physician‐made diagnosis of asthma. Conclusions Wheezing and chest tightness were the asthma symptoms with the highest specificity for asthma diagnosis, while dyspnea displayed the highest sensitivity and strongest association with asthma control.

Published
2024
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2. Immune-mediated disease caused by climate change-associated environmental hazards: mitigation and adaptation

Author

Ioana Agache, Cezmi Akdis, Mubeccel Akdis, Ali Al-Hemoud, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, John Balmes, Lorenzo Cecchi, Athanasios Damialis, Tari Haahtela, Adam L. Haber, Jaime E. Hart, Marek Jutel, Yasutaka Mitamura, Blandina T. Mmbaga, Jae-Won Oh, Abbas Ostadtaghizadeh, Ruby Pawankar, Mary Prunicki, Harald Renz, Mary B. Rice, Nelson Augusto Rosario Filho, Vanitha Sampath, Chrysanthi Skevaki, Francis Thien, Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann, Gary W. K. Wong, and Kari C. Nadeau

Subjects
air pollution, immune diseases, allergy, asthma, biodiversity, climate change, Science
Abstract

Global warming and climate change have increased the pollen burden and the frequency and intensity of wildfires, sand and dust storms, thunderstorms, and heatwaves—with concomitant increases in air pollution, heat stress, and flooding. These environmental stressors alter the human exposome and trigger complex immune responses. In parallel, pollutants, allergens, and other environmental factors increase the risks of skin and mucosal barrier disruption and microbial dysbiosis, while a loss of biodiversity and reduced exposure to microbial diversity impairs tolerogenic immune development. The resulting immune dysregulation is contributing to an increase in immune-mediated diseases such as asthma and other allergic diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. It is now abundantly clear that multisectoral, multidisciplinary, and transborder efforts based on Planetary Health and One Health approaches (which consider the dependence of human health on the environment and natural ecosystems) are urgently needed to adapt to and mitigate the effects of climate change. Key actions include reducing emissions and improving air quality (through reduced fossil fuel use), providing safe housing (e.g., improving weatherization), improving diets (i.e., quality and diversity) and agricultural practices, and increasing environmental biodiversity and green spaces. There is also a pressing need for collaborative, multidisciplinary research to better understand the pathophysiology of immune diseases in the context of climate change. New data science techniques, biomarkers, and economic models should be used to measure the impact of climate change on immune health and disease, to inform mitigation and adaptation efforts, and to evaluate their effectiveness. Justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion (JEDI) considerations should be integral to these efforts to address disparities in the impact of climate change.

Published
2024
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3. Assessment of autoantibodies in paediatric population with primary immunodeficiencies: a pilot study

Author

Karolina Pieniawska-Śmiech, Aleksandra Lewandowicz-Uszyńska, Magdalena Zemelka-Wiacek, and Marek Jutel

Subjects
Autoantibody, Autoimmunity, Coeliac disease, Immune dysregulation, Inborn errors of immunity, Primary immunodeficiency, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Abstract Background The correlation between primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) and autoimmunity shows ethnic and geographical diversity. The aim of our study was to accumulate more data in paediatric PID population. Methods 58 children aged 1–17 and with PID (study group) and 14 age-matched immunocompetent individuals (control group) were included in the study. Serum levels of 17 different specific IgG antibodies against autoantigens were measured by means of a quantitative enzyme immunoassay. Immunoglobulin levels were analysed in relation to a detailed medical examination. Results Autoantibodies against one or more antigens were detected in the sera of 24.14% (n = 14) subjects in the study group. The most frequent were anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies (n = 8; 13.8%). Anti-TPO antibody levels were elevated more often in PID patients with a positive family history of autoimmune diseases (p = 0.04). The screening for anti-deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP) and anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies in our series allowed identifying two previously undiagnosed cases of coeliac disease in PID patients. There was no statistically significant difference between the study and the control group in terms of the autoantibodies prevalence. Conclusions This study provides data on the prevalence of autoantibodies in paediatric population diagnosed with PID. Selected autoantibodies (i.e. anti-tTG, anti-DGP) might be useful for the screening of PID to avoid the delay of diagnosis of an autoimmune disease.

Published
2023
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4. Rhinovirus-induced epithelial RIG-I inflammasome suppresses antiviral immunity and promotes inflammation in asthma and COVID-19

Author

Urszula Radzikowska, Andrzej Eljaszewicz, Ge Tan, Nino Stocker, Anja Heider, Patrick Westermann, Silvio Steiner, Anita Dreher, Paulina Wawrzyniak, Beate Rückert, Juan Rodriguez-Coira, Damir Zhakparov, Mengting Huang, Bogdan Jakiela, Marek Sanak, Marcin Moniuszko, Liam O’Mahony, Marek Jutel, Tatiana Kebadze, David J. Jackson, Michael R. Edwards, Volker Thiel, Sebastian L. Johnston, Cezmi A. Akdis, and Milena Sokolowska

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Rhinoviruses and allergens, such as house dust mite are major agents responsible for asthma exacerbations. The influence of pre-existing airway inflammation on the infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is largely unknown. We analyse mechanisms of response to viral infection in experimental in vivo rhinovirus infection in healthy controls and patients with asthma, and in in vitro experiments with house dust mite, rhinovirus and SARS-CoV-2 in human primary airway epithelium. Here, we show that rhinovirus infection in patients with asthma leads to an excessive RIG-I inflammasome activation, which diminishes its accessibility for type I/III interferon responses, leading to their early functional impairment, delayed resolution, prolonged viral clearance and unresolved inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Pre-exposure to house dust mite augments this phenomenon by inflammasome priming and auxiliary inhibition of early type I/III interferon responses. Prior infection with rhinovirus followed by SARS-CoV-2 infection augments RIG-I inflammasome activation and epithelial inflammation. Timely inhibition of the epithelial RIG-I inflammasome may lead to more efficient viral clearance and lower the burden of rhinovirus and SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Published
2023
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5. Persistence in allergen immunotherapy: A longitudinal, prescription data‐based real‐world analysis

Author

Oliver Pfaar, Hartmut Richter, Angelika Sager, Christoph Miller, Thomas Müller, and Marek Jutel

Subjects
allergen immunotherapy, persistence, prescription‐based, real‐world analysis, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Abstract Introduction Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a widespread disease with increasing prevalence in developed countries. The only treatment that tackles the underlying causes is allergen immunotherapy (AIT). This treatment is performed through two application routes, the subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) or the sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). However, persistence during the long course of treatment over 3 years is key for the efficacy of this treatment option. The impaired adherence significantly impacts public health resources. The aim of this study was to assess the persistence of AIT for both application routes. Methods IQVIATM LRx was used to identify patients starting AIT between 2009 and 2018 with grass pollen (GP), early flowering tree pollen (EFTP) and house dust mite (HDM) allergens. Patients were classified within each allergen category by AIT groups (subcutaneous depigmented polymerised allergen AIT [dSCIT], other subcutaneous AIT [oSCIT] and SLIT) and age (5‐11 years, 12‐17 years, 18+ years). Furthermore, they were followed up for up to 3 years until the cessation of treatment. Patients, who were still on treatment after 3 years were deemed to be censored. Kaplan‐Meier curves of persistence were generated and compared by log‐rank tests. Results The number of patients included in the three allergen categories was 38,717 GP, 23,183 EFTP, and 41,728 HDM AIT. In all allergen categories and for any product group, patient persistence decreased with increasing age class with the difference between 5‐11 years and 12‐17 years greater than between the latter and 18+ years. The percentage of patients completing the first year of AIT was low, particularly for SLIT where 22.2%–27.1% of patients remained persistent after 12 months. The equivalent figures for dSCIT were 52.0%–64.1% and for oSCIT 38.3%–50.3%. Conclusion Persistence in AIT in AR was low in this retrospective prescription‐based database and was clearly linked to patient age and application route.

Published
2023
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6. Development and validation of an electronic daily control score for asthma (e-DASTHMA): a real-world direct patient data study

Author

Bernardo Sousa-Pinto, PhD, Cristina Jácome, PhD, Ana Margarida Pereira, MD, Frederico S Regateiro, MD, Rute Almeida, PhD, Wienczyslawa Czarlewski, MD, Marek Kulus, ProfMD, Mohamed H Shamji, ProfMD, Louis-Philippe Boulet, ProfMD, Matteo Bonini, MD, Luisa Brussino, MD, G Walter Canonica, ProfMD, Alvaro A Cruz, MD, Bilun Gemicioglu, ProfMD, Tari Haahtela, ProfMD, Maciej Kupczyk, MD, Violeta Kvedariene, MD, Desirée Larenas-Linnemann, MD, Renaud Louis, ProfMD, Marek Niedoszytko, ProfMD, Nhân Pham-Thi, MD, Francesca Puggioni, MD, Jan Romantowski, MD, Joaquin Sastre, ProfMD, Nicola Scichilone, ProfMD, Luis Taborda-Barata, ProfMD, Maria Teresa Ventura, MD, Rafael José Vieira, MD, Ioana Agache, ProfMD, Anna Bedbrook, BSc, Karl C Bergmann, MD, Rita Amaral, PhD, Luís Filipe Azevedo, PhD, Sinthia Bosnic-Anticevich, ProfPhD, Guy Brusselle, ProfMD, Roland Buhl, ProfMD, Lorenzo Cecchi, MD, Denis Charpin, MD, Claudia Chaves Loureiro, MD, Frédéric de Blay, ProfMD, Stefano Del Giacco, ProfMD, Philippe Devillier, ProfMD, Ewa Jassem, ProfMD, Guy Joos, ProfMD, Marek Jutel, ProfMD, Ludger Klimek, MD, Piotr Kuna, ProfMD, Daniel Laune, PhD, Jorge Luna Pech, MD, Mika Makela, ProfMD, Mario Morais-Almeida, MD, Rachel Nadif, PhD, Hugo E Neffen, MD, Ken Ohta, ProfMD, Nikolaos G Papadopoulos, ProfMD, Alberto Papi, ProfMD, Benoit Pétré, MD, Oliver Pfaar, MD, Daniela Rivero Yeverino, MD, Carlos Robalo Cordeiro, ProfMD, Nicolas Roche, ProfMD, Ana Sá-Sousa, PhD, Boleslaw Samolinski, ProfMD, Aziz Sheikh, ProfMD, Charlotte Suppli Ulrik, ProfMD, Omar S Usmani, ProfMD, Arunas Valiulis, ProfMD, Olivier Vandenplas, ProfMD, Pedro Vieira-Marques, PhD, Arzu Yorgancioglu, ProfMD, Torsten Zuberbier, ProfMD, Josep M Anto, ProfMD, João A Fonseca, PhD, and Jean Bousquet, ProfMD

Subjects
Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7
Abstract

Summary: Background: Validated questionnaires are used to assess asthma control over the past 1–4 weeks from reporting. However, they do not adequately capture asthma control in patients with fluctuating symptoms. Using the Mobile Airways Sentinel Network for airway diseases (MASK-air) app, we developed and validated an electronic daily asthma control score (e-DASTHMA). Methods: We used MASK-air data (freely available to users in 27 countries) to develop and assess different daily control scores for asthma. Data-driven control scores were developed based on asthma symptoms reported by a visual analogue scale (VAS) and self-reported asthma medication use. We included the daily monitoring data from all MASK-air users aged 16–90 years (or older than 13 years to 90 years in countries with a lower age of digital consent) who had used the app in at least 3 different calendar months and had reported at least 1 day of asthma medication use. For each score, we assessed construct validity, test–retest reliability, responsiveness, and accuracy. We used VASs on dyspnoea and work disturbance, EQ-5D-VAS, Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test (CARAT), CARAT asthma, and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment: Allergy Specific (WPAI:AS) questionnaires as comparators. We performed an internal validation using MASK-air data from Jan 1 to Oct 12, 2022, and an external validation using a cohort of patients with physician-diagnosed asthma (the INSPIRERS cohort) who had had their diagnosis and control (Global Initiative for Asthma [GINA] classification) of asthma ascertained by a physician. Findings: We studied 135 635 days of MASK-air data from 1662 users from May 21, 2015, to Dec 31, 2021. The scores were strongly correlated with VAS dyspnoea (Spearman correlation coefficient range 0·68–0·82) and moderately correlated with work comparators and quality-of-life-related comparators (for WPAI:AS work, we observed Spearman correlation coefficients of 0·59–0·68). They also displayed high test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients range 0·79–0·95) and moderate-to-high responsiveness (correlation coefficient range 0·69–0·79; effect size measures range 0·57–0·99 in the comparison with VAS dyspnoea). The best-performing score displayed a strong correlation with the effect of asthma on work and school activities in the INSPIRERS cohort (Spearman correlation coefficients 0·70; 95% CI 0·61–0·78) and good accuracy for the identification of patients with uncontrolled or partly controlled asthma according to GINA (area under the receiver operating curve 0·73; 95% CI 0·68–0·78). Interpretation: e-DASTHMA is a good tool for the daily assessment of asthma control. This tool can be used as an endpoint in clinical trials as well as in clinical practice to assess fluctuations in asthma control and guide treatment optimisation. Funding: None.

Published
2023
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7. Digitally‐enabled, patient‐centred care in rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity: The ARIA‐MASK‐air® approach

Author

Jean Bousquet, Josep M. Anto, Bernardo Sousa‐Pinto, Wienczyslawa Czarlewski, Anna Bedbrook, Tari Haahtela, Ludger Klimek, Oliver Pfaar, Piotr Kuna, Maciej Kupczyk, Frederico S. Regateiro, Boleslaw Samolinski, Arunas Valiulis, Arzu Yorgancioglu, Sylvie Arnavielhe, Xavier Basagaña, Karl C. Bergmann, Sinthia Bosnic‐Anticevich, Luisa Brussino, G. Walter Canonica, Victoria Cardona, Lorenzo Cecchi, Claudia Chaves‐Loureiro, Elisio Costa, Alvaro A. Cruz, Bilun Gemicioglu, Wytske J. Fokkens, Juan Carlos Ivancevich, Helga Kraxner, Violeta Kvedariene, Désirée E. Larenas‐Linnemann, Daniel Laune, Renaud Louis, Michael Makris, Marcus Maurer, Erik Melén, Yann Micheli, Mario Morais‐Almeida, Joaquim Mullol, Marek Niedoszytko, Yoshitaka Okamoto, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Vincenzo Patella, Nhân Pham‐Thi, Philip W. Rouadi, Joaquin Sastre, Nicola Scichilone, Aziz Sheikh, Mikhail Sofiev, Luis Taborda‐Barata, Sanna Toppila‐Salmi, Ioanna Tsiligianni, Erkka Valovirta, Maria Teresa Ventura, Rafael José Vieira, Mihaela Zidarn, Rita Amaral, Ignacio J. Ansotegui, Annabelle Bédard, Samuel Benveniste, Michael Bewick, Carsten Bindslev‐Jensen, Hubert Blain, Matteo Bonini, Rodolphe Bourret, Fulvio Braido, Pedro Carreiro‐Martins, Denis Charpin, Ivan Cherrez‐Ojeda, Tomas Chivato, Derek K. Chu, Cemal Cingi, Stefano DelGiacco, Frédéric deBlay, Philippe Devillier, Govert DeVries, Maria Doulaptsi, Virginie Doyen, Gérard Dray, Jean‐François Fontaine, R. Maximiliano Gomez, Jan Hagemann, Enrico Heffler, Maja Hofmann, Ewa Jassem, Marek Jutel, Thomas Keil, Vicky Kritikos, Inger Kull, Marek Kulus, Olga Lourenço, Eve Mathieu‐Dupas, Enrica Menditto, Ralph Mösges, Ruth Murray, Rachel Nadif, Hugo Neffen, Stefania Nicola, Robyn O’Hehir, Heidi Olze, Yuliia Palamarchuk, Jean‐Louis Pépin, Benoit Pétré, Robert Picard, Constantinos Pitsios, Francesca Puggioni, Santiago Quirce, Filip Raciborski, Sietze Reitsma, Nicolas Roche, Monica Rodriguez‐Gonzalez, Jan Romantowski, Ana Sá‐Sousa, Faradiba S. Serpa, Marine Savouré, Mohamed H. Shamji, Milan Sova, Annette Sperl, Cristiana Stellato, Ana Todo‐Bom, Peter Valentin Tomazic, Olivier Vandenplas, Michiel VanEerd, Tuula Vasankari, Frédéric Viart, Susan Waserman, Joao A. Fonseca, and Torsten Zuberbier

Subjects
asthma, digital, MASK‐air, mHealth, rhinitis, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Abstract MASK‐air®, a validated mHealth app (Medical Device regulation Class IIa) has enabled large observational implementation studies in over 58,000 people with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma. It can help to address unmet patient needs in rhinitis and asthma care. MASK‐air® is a Good Practice of DG Santé on digitally‐enabled, patient‐centred care. It is also a candidate Good Practice of OECD (Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development). MASK‐air® data has enabled novel phenotype discovery and characterisation, as well as novel insights into the management of allergic rhinitis. MASK‐air® data show that most rhinitis patients (i) are not adherent and do not follow guidelines, (ii) use as‐needed treatment, (iii) do not take medication when they are well, (iv) increase their treatment based on symptoms and (v) do not use the recommended treatment. The data also show that control (symptoms, work productivity, educational performance) is not always improved by medications. A combined symptom‐medication score (ARIA‐EAACI‐CSMS) has been validated for clinical practice and trials. The implications of the novel MASK‐air® results should lead to change management in rhinitis and asthma.

Published
2023
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8. Real‐world data using mHealth apps in rhinitis, rhinosinusitis and their multimorbidities

Author

Bernardo Sousa‐Pinto, Aram Anto, Markus Berger, Stephanie Dramburg, Oliver Pfaar, Ludger Klimek, Marek Jutel, Wienczyslawa Czarlewski, Anna Bedbrook, Arunas Valiulis, Ioana Agache, Rita Amaral, Ignacio J. Ansotegui, Katharina Bastl, Uwe Berger, Karl C. Bergmann, Sinthia Bosnic‐Anticevich, Fulvio Braido, Luisa Brussino, Victoria Cardona, Thomas Casale, G. Walter Canonica, Lorenzo Cecchi, Denis Charpin, Tomás Chivato, Derek K. Chu, Cemal Cingi, Elisio M. Costa, Alvaro A. Cruz, Philippe Devillier, Stephen R. Durham, Motohiro Ebisawa, Alessandro Fiocchi, Wytske J. Fokkens, Bilun Gemicioğlu, Maia Gotua, Maria‐Antonieta Guzmán, Tari Haahtela, Juan Carlos Ivancevich, Piotr Kuna, Igor Kaidashev, Musa Khaitov, Violeta Kvedariene, Désirée E. Larenas‐Linnemann, Brian Lipworth, Daniel Laune, Paolo M. Matricardi, Mario Morais‐Almeida, Joaquim Mullol, Robert Naclerio, Hugo Neffen, Kristoff Nekam, Marek Niedoszytko, Yoshitaka Okamoto, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Hae‐Sim Park, Giovanni Passalacqua, Vincenzo Patella, Simone Pelosi, Nhân Pham‐Thi, Ted A. Popov, Frederico S. Regateiro, Sietze Reitsma, Monica Rodriguez‐Gonzales, Nelson Rosario, Philip W. Rouadi, Boleslaw Samolinski, Ana Sá‐Sousa, Joaquin Sastre, Aziz Sheikh, Charlotte Suppli Ulrik, Luis Taborda‐Barata, Ana Todo‐Bom, Peter Valentin Tomazic, Sanna Toppila‐Salmi, Salvatore Tripodi, Ioanna Tsiligianni, Erkka Valovirta, Maria Teresa Ventura, Antonio A. Valero, Rafael José Vieira, Dana Wallace, Susan Waserman, Sian Williams, Arzu Yorgancioglu, Luo Zhang, Mihaela Zidarn, Jaron Zuberbier, Heidi Olze, Josep M. Antó, Torsten Zuberbier, João A. Fonseca, and Jean Bousquet

Subjects
allergic rhinitis, app, chronic rhinosinusitis, mHealth, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Abstract Digital health is an umbrella term which encompasses eHealth and benefits from areas such as advanced computer sciences. eHealth includes mHealth apps, which offer the potential to redesign aspects of healthcare delivery. The capacity of apps to collect large amounts of longitudinal, real‐time, real‐world data enables the progression of biomedical knowledge. Apps for rhinitis and rhinosinusitis were searched for in the Google Play and Apple App stores, via an automatic market research tool recently developed using JavaScript. Over 1500 apps for allergic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis were identified, some dealing with multimorbidity. However, only six apps for rhinitis (AirRater, AllergyMonitor, AllerSearch, Husteblume, MASK‐air and Pollen App) and one for rhinosinusitis (Galenus Health) have so far published results in the scientific literature. These apps were reviewed for their validation, discovery of novel allergy phenotypes, optimisation of identifying the pollen season, novel approaches in diagnosis and management (pharmacotherapy and allergen immunotherapy) as well as adherence to treatment. Published evidence demonstrates the potential of mobile health apps to advance in the characterisation, diagnosis and management of rhinitis and rhinosinusitis patients.

Published
2022
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9. Subcutaneous birch pollen allergen immunotherapy with a depigmented polymerized extract shows only sustained and long‐term efficacy in a subgroup of monosensitized adults and adolescents with allergic rhinitis

Author

Natalija Novak, Margitta Worm, Petra Staubach, Marek Jutel, Angelika Sager, and Oliver Pfaar

Subjects
allergic rhinitis, birch pollen, long‐term, phase III, post‐treatment, subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Abstract Background Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is an approved treatment for seasonal respiratory allergic diseases. A depigmented polymerized birch pollen extract for subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (SCIT) has been demonstrated to be efficacious and safe in patients allergic to birch pollen and its homologous group. Objective To determine whether SCIT with a birch pollen formulation (5000 depigmented polymerized (DPP) units/mL) shows sustained and long‐term efficacy in adults and adolescents with birch‐pollen induced allergic rhinitis with or without intermittent asthma. Methods A multicentre (n = 66), double‐blind, placebo‐controlled Phase III clinical trial was performed in the Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Russia. Participants were randomized 2:1 to active treatment (birch 5000 DPP/ml) or placebo for three years of SCIT and followed up for two treatment‐free years. The primary efficacy endpoint was the EAACI's combined symptom and medication score for rhinoconjunctivitis (CSMSEAACI). Results A total of 973 participants were screened and 649 were randomized (active treatment: n = 434; placebo: n = 215). The intention‐to‐treat analysis of the CSMSEAACI in the overall study population did not demonstrate statistically significant differences in years 1, 2 and 3. In a post‐hoc analysis, among the subgroup of patients monosensitized to birch pollen allergen only (n = 200), we observed a statistically significant difference (active treatment vs. placebo) in the CSMSEAACI in year 2, 3 and 5. The AIT's safety profile was good. Conclusions SCIT with a depigmented polymerized birch pollen extract was safe. Sustained and long‐term efficacy in years 2, 3 and 5 in monosensitized patients, but not in polysensitized patients was demonstrated. (EudraCT 2012‐000414‐11)

Published
2022
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10. Author Correction: Rhinovirus-induced epithelial RIG-I inflammasome suppresses antiviral immunity and promotes inflammation in asthma and COVID-19

Author

Urszula Radzikowska, Andrzej Eljaszewicz, Ge Tan, Nino Stocker, Anja Heider, Patrick Westermann, Silvio Steiner, Anita Dreher, Paulina Wawrzyniak, Beate Rückert, Juan Rodriguez-Coira, Damir Zhakparov, Mengting Huang, Bogdan Jakiela, Marek Sanak, Marcin Moniuszko, Liam O’Mahony, Marek Jutel, Tatiana Kebadze, David J. Jackson, Michael R. Edwards, Volker Thiel, Sebastian L. Johnston, Cezmi A. Akdis, and Milena Sokolowska

Subjects
Science
Published
2023
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11. Allergen immunotherapy in MASK‐air users in real‐life: Results of a Bayesian mixed‐effects model

Author

Bernardo Sousa‐Pinto, Luís Filipe Azevedo, Ana Sá‐Sousa, Rafael José Vieira, Rita Amaral, Ludger Klimek, Wienczyslawa Czarlewski, Josep M. Anto, Anna Bedbrook, Violeta Kvedariene, Maria Teresa Ventura, Ignacio J. Ansotegui, Karl‐Christian Bergmann, Luisa Brussino, G. Walter Canonica, Victoria Cardona, Pedro Carreiro‐Martins, Thomas Casale, Lorenzo Cecchi, Tomás Chivato, Derek K. Chu, Cemal Cingi, Elisio M. Costa, Alvaro A. Cruz, Giulia De Feo, Philippe Devillier, Wytske J. Fokkens, Mina Gaga, Bilun Gemicioğlu, Tari Haahtela, Juan Carlos Ivancevich, Zhanat Ispayeva, Marek Jutel, Piotr Kuna, Igor Kaidashev, Helga Kraxner, Désirée E. Larenas‐Linnemann, Daniel Laune, Brian Lipworth, Renaud Louis, Michaël Makris, Riccardo Monti, Mario Morais‐Almeida, Ralph Mösges, Joaquim Mullol, Mikaëla Odemyr, Yoshitaka Okamoto, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Vincenzo Patella, Nhân Pham‐Thi, Frederico S. Regateiro, Sietze Reitsma, Philip W. Rouadi, Boleslaw Samolinski, Milan Sova, Ana Todo‐Bom, Luis Taborda‐Barata, Peter Valentin Tomazic, Sanna Toppila‐Salmi, Joaquin Sastre, Ioanna Tsiligianni, Arunas Valiulis, Dana Wallace, Susan Waserman, Arzu Yorgancioglu, Mihaela Zidarn, Torsten Zuberbier, João Almeida Fonseca, Jean Bousquet, and Oliver Pfaar

Subjects
allergic rhinitis, immunotherapy, mobile health, patient‐reported outcomes, real‐life data analysis, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Abstract Background Evidence regarding the effectiveness of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) on allergic rhinitis has been provided mostly by randomised controlled trials, with little data from real‐life studies. Objective To compare the reported control of allergic rhinitis symptoms in three groups of users of the MASK‐air® app: those receiving sublingual AIT (SLIT), those receiving subcutaneous AIT (SCIT), and those receiving no AIT. Methods We assessed the MASK‐air® data of European users with self‐reported grass pollen allergy, comparing the data reported by patients receiving SLIT, SCIT and no AIT. Outcome variables included the daily impact of allergy symptoms globally and on work (measured by visual analogue scales—VASs), and a combined symptom‐medication score (CSMS). We applied Bayesian mixed‐effects models, with clustering by patient, country and pollen season. Results We analysed a total of 42,756 days from 1,093 grass allergy patients, including 18,479 days of users under AIT. Compared to no AIT, SCIT was associated with similar VAS levels and CSMS. Compared to no AIT, SLIT‐tablet was associated with lower values of VAS global allergy symptoms (average difference = 7.5 units out of 100; 95% credible interval [95%CrI] = −12.1;−2.8), lower VAS Work (average difference = 5.0; 95%CrI = −8.5;−1.5), and a lower CSMS (average difference = 3.7; 95%CrI = −9.3;2.2). When compared to SCIT, SLIT‐tablet was associated with lower VAS global allergy symptoms (average difference = 10.2; 95%CrI = −17.2;−2.8), lower VAS Work (average difference = 7.8; 95%CrI = −15.1;0.2), and a lower CSMS (average difference = 9.3; 95%CrI = −18.5;0.2). Conclusion In patients with grass pollen allergy, SLIT‐tablet, when compared to no AIT and to SCIT, is associated with lower reported symptom severity. Future longitudinal studies following internationally‐harmonised standards for performing and reporting real‐world data in AIT are needed to better understand its ‘real‐world’ effectiveness.

Published
2022
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12. Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries?

Author

Jean Bousquet, Josep M. Anto, Guido Iaccarino, Wienczyslawa Czarlewski, Tari Haahtela, Aram Anto, Cezmi A. Akdis, Hubert Blain, G. Walter Canonica, Victoria Cardona, Alvaro A. Cruz, Maddalena Illario, Juan Carlos Ivancevich, Marek Jutel, Ludger Klimek, Piotr Kuna, Daniel Laune, Désirée Larenas-Linnemann, Joaquim Mullol, Nikos G. Papadopoulos, Oliver Pfaar, Boleslaw Samolinski, Arunas Valiulis, Arzu Yorgancioglu, Torsten Zuberbier, and The ARIA group

Subjects
Coronavirus, Diet, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, Antioxidant, Food, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Abstract Reported COVID-19 deaths in Germany are relatively low as compared to many European countries. Among the several explanations proposed, an early and large testing of the population was put forward. Most current debates on COVID-19 focus on the differences among countries, but little attention has been given to regional differences and diet. The low-death rate European countries (e.g. Austria, Baltic States, Czech Republic, Finland, Norway, Poland, Slovakia) have used different quarantine and/or confinement times and methods and none have performed as many early tests as Germany. Among other factors that may be significant are the dietary habits. It seems that some foods largely used in these countries may reduce angiotensin-converting enzyme activity or are anti-oxidants. Among the many possible areas of research, it might be important to understand diet and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) levels in populations with different COVID-19 death rates since dietary interventions may be of great benefit.

Published
2020
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13. Obesity and disease severity magnify disturbed microbiome-immune interactions in asthma patients

Author

David Michalovich, Noelia Rodriguez-Perez, Sylwia Smolinska, Michal Pirozynski, David Mayhew, Sorif Uddin, Stephanie Van Horn, Milena Sokolowska, Can Altunbulakli, Andrzej Eljaszewicz, Benoit Pugin, Weronika Barcik, Magdalena Kurnik-Lucka, Ken A. Saunders, Karen D. Simpson, Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier, Ruth Ferstl, Remo Frei, Noriane Sievi, Malcolm Kohler, Pawel Gajdanowicz, Katrine B. Graversen, Katrine Lindholm Bøgh, Marek Jutel, James R. Brown, Cezmi A. Akdis, Edith M. Hessel, and Liam O’Mahony

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Here, the authors characterize immunological and microbiome alterations in a cohort of obese asthmatics, finding that disease severity negatively correlates with fecal abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, and show in a mouse model that administration of A. muciniphila reduces airway hyper-reactivity and airway inflammation.

Published
2019
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14. Histamine: A Mediator of Intestinal Disorders—A Review

Author

Sylwia Smolinska, Ewa Winiarska, Anna Globinska, and Marek Jutel

Subjects
histamine, histamine receptors, histamine intolerance, food allergy, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Within the gastrointestinal tract, histamine is present at relatively high concentrations, especially during inflammatory processes. Histamine is a biogenic amine with numerous effects on many cell types, mediated by the activation of its four different histamine receptors (H1–H4Rs). It is produced and released by immune cells as mast cells and basophils. Some cells such as dendritic cells or T cells can express histidine decarboxylase, an enzyme for histamine synthesis after stimulation. The same can be done by the human gut microbiota. The production of histamine by bacteria in the human gut influence the immune response, although the major source of histamine is food. The large spectrum of histamine effects on a number of cellular processes results in various gastrointestinal disorders including food allergy, histamine intolerance, irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease, among others. In this review, the protective or pathogenic effects of histamine on various gut disorders are discussed.

Published
2022
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15. Spermidine and spermine exert protective effects within the lung

Author

Marcin Wawrzyniak, David Groeger, Remo Frei, Ruth Ferstl, Paulina Wawrzyniak, Krzysztof Krawczyk, Benoit Pugin, Weronika Barcik, Patrick Westermann, Anita Dreher, Michael Scharl, Marek Jutel, Cezmi A. Akdis, and Liam O`Mahony

Subjects
asthma, mouse models, polyamines, spermidine, spermine, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Abstract Asthma is a heterologous disease that is influenced by complex interactions between multiple environmental exposures, metabolism, and host immunoregulatory processes. Specific metabolites are increasingly recognized to influence respiratory inflammation. However, the role of protein‐derived metabolites in regulating inflammatory responses in the lung are poorly described. The aims of the present study were to quantify polyamine levels in bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) from healthy volunteers and asthma patients, and to evaluate the impact of each polyamine on inflammatory responses using in vitro models and in a house dust mite (HDM)‐induced respiratory allergy model. Spermidine levels were decreased, while cadaverine levels were increased in BALs from asthma patients compared to healthy controls, using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC). Both spermine and spermidine inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced cytokine secretion from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro. In addition, oral gavage with spermine or spermidine modulate HDM‐induced cell infiltration, cytokine secretion, and epithelial cell tight junction expression in murine models. Spermidine also reduces airway hyper‐responsiveness. These results suggest that modulation of polyamine metabolism, in particular spermidine, is associated with respiratory inflammation and these molecules and pathways should be further explored as biomarkers of disease and potential targets for novel therapies.

Published
2021
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16. ARIA‐EAACI care pathways for allergen immunotherapy in respiratory allergy

Author

Jean Bousquet, Oliver Pfaar, Ioana Agache, Anna Bedbrook, Cezmi A Akdis, G. Walter Canonica, Tomas Chivato, Mona Al‐Ahmad, Amir H Abdul Latiff, Ignacio J Ansotegui, Claus Bachert, Abdullah Baharuddin, Karl‐Christian Bergmann, Carsten Bindslev‐Jensen, Leif Bjermer, Matteo Bonini, Sinthia Bosnic‐Anticevich, Isabelle Bosse, Helen A. Brough, Luisa Brussino, Moises A Calderon, Luis Caraballo, Victoria Cardona, Pedro Carreiro‐Martins, Tomas Casale, Lorenzo Cecchi, Alfonso M Cepeda Sarabia, Ekaterine Chkhartishvili, Derek K Chu, Ieva Cirule, Alvaro A Cruz, Wienczyslawa Czarlewski, Stefano delGiacco, Pascal Demoly, Philippe Devillier, Dejan Dokic, Stephen L Durham, Motohiro Ebisawa, Yehia El‐Gamal✝, Regina Emuzyte, Amiran Gamkrelidze, Jean Luc Fauquert, Alessandro Fiocchi, Wytske J Fokkens, Joao A Fonseca, Jean‐François Fontaine, Radoslaw Gawlik, Asli Gelincik, Bilun Gemicioglu, Jose E Gereda, Roy Gerth van Wijk, R Maximiliano Gomez, Maia Gotua, Ineta Grisle, Maria‐Antonieta Guzmán, Tari Haahtela, Susanne Halken, Enrico Heffler, Karin Hoffmann‐Sommergruber, Elham Hossny, Martin Hrubiško, Carla Irani, Juan Carlos Ivancevich, Zhanat Ispayeva, Kaja Julge, Igor Kaidashev, Omer Kalayci, Musa Khaitov, Ludger Klimek, Edward Knol, Marek L Kowalski, Helga Kraxner, Inger Kull, Piotr Kuna, Violeta Kvedariene, Vicky Kritikos, Antti Lauerma, Susanne Lau, Daniel Laune, Michael Levin, Desiree E Larenas‐Linnemann, Karin C Lodrup Carlsen, Carlo Lombardi, Olga M Lourenço, Bassam Mahboub, Hans‐Jørgen Malling, Patrick Manning, Gailen D Marshall, Erik Melén, Eli O Meltzer, Neven Miculinic, Branislava Milenkovic, Mostafa Moin, Stephen Montefort, Mario Morais‐Almeida, Charlotte G Mortz, Ralph Mösges, Joaquim Mullol, Leyla Namazova Baranova, Hugo Neffen, Kristof Nekam, Marek Niedoszytko, Mikaëla Odemyr, Robyn E O'Hehir, Markus Ollert, Liam O'Mahony, Ken Ohta, Yoshitaka Okamoto, Kimi Okubo, Giovanni B Pajno, Oscar Palomares, Susanna Palkonen, Petr Panzner, Nikolaos GPapadopoulos, Hae‐Sim Park, Giovanni Passalacqua, Vincenzo Patella, Ruby Pawankar, Nhân Pham‐Thi, Davor Plavec, Todor A Popov, Marysia Recto, Frederico S Regateiro, Carmen Riggioni, Graham Roberts, Monica Rodriguez‐Gonzales, Nelson Rosario, Menachem Rottem, Philip W Rouadi, Dermot Ryan, Boleslaw Samolinski, Mario Sanchez‐Borges✝, Faradiba S Serpa, Joaquin Sastre, Glenis K. Scadding, Mohamed H Shamji, Peter Schmid‐Grendelmeier, Holger J Schünemann, Aziz Sheikh, Nicola Scichilone, Juan Carlos Sisul, Mikhail Sofiev, Dirceu Solé, Talant Sooronbaev, Manuel Soto‐Martinez, Manuel Soto‐Quiros, Milan Sova, Jürgen Schwarze, Isabel Skypala, Charlotte Suppli‐Ulrik, Luis Taborda‐Barata, Ana Todo‐Bom, Maria J Torres, Marylin Valentin‐Rostan, Peter‐Valentin Tomazic, Antonio Valero, Sanna Toppila‐Salmi, Ioanna Tsiligianni, Eva Untersmayr, Marilyn Urrutia‐Pereira, Arunas Valiulis, Erkka Valovirta, Olivier Vandenplas, Maria Teresa Ventura, Pakit Vichyanond, Martin Wagenmann, Dana Wallace, Jolanta Walusiak‐Skorupa, De Yun Wang, Susan Waserman, Gary WK Wong, Arzu Yorgancioglu, Osman M Yusuf, Mario Zernotti, Luo Zhang, Mihaela Zidarn, Torsten Zuberbier, and Marek Jutel

Subjects
allergic rhinitis, asthma, immunotherapy, precision medicine, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Published
2021
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17. Correction to: Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries?

Author

Jean Bousquet, Josep M. Anto, Guido Iaccarino, Wienczyslawa Czarlewski, Tari Haahtela, Aram Anto, Cezmi A. Akdis, Hubert Blain, G. Walter Canonica, Victoria Cardona, Alvaro A. Cruz, Maddalena Illario, Juan Carlos Ivancevich, Marek Jutel, Ludger Klimek, Piotr Kuna, Daniel Laune, Désirée Larenas‑Linnemann, Joaquim Mullol, Nikos G. Papadopoulos, Oliver Pfaar, Boleslaw Samolinski, Arunas Valiulis, Arzu Yorgancioglu, Torsten Zuberbier, and The ARIA group

Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Published
2020
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18. Next-generation ARIA care pathways for rhinitis and asthma: a model for multimorbid chronic diseases

Author

J. Jean Bousquet, Holger J. Schünemann, Alkis Togias, Marina Erhola, Peter W. Hellings, Torsten Zuberbier, Ioana Agache, Ignacio J. Ansotegui, Josep M. Anto, Claus Bachert, Sven Becker, Martin Bedolla-Barajas, Michael Bewick, Sinthia Bosnic-Anticevich, Isabelle Bosse, Louis P. Boulet, Jean Marc Bourrez, Guy Brusselle, Niels Chavannes, Elisio Costa, Alvaro A. Cruz, Wienczyslawa Czarlewski, Wytske J. Fokkens, Joao A. Fonseca, Mina Gaga, Tari Haahtela, Maddalena Illario, Ludger Klimek, Piotr Kuna, Violeta Kvedariene, L. T. T. Le, Desiree Larenas-Linnemann, Daniel Laune, Olga M. Lourenço, Enrica Menditto, Joaquin Mullol, Yashitaka Okamoto, Nikos Papadopoulos, Nhân Pham-Thi, Robert Picard, Hilary Pinnock, Nicolas Roche, Regina E. Roller-Wirnsberger, Christine Rolland, Boleslaw Samolinski, Aziz Sheikh, Sanna Toppila-Salmi, Ioanna Tsiligianni, Arunas Valiulis, Erkka Valovirta, Tuula Vasankari, Maria-Teresa Ventura, Samantha Walker, Sian Williams, Cezmi A. Akdis, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Sylvie Arnavielhe, Xavier Basagana, Eric Bateman, Anna Bedbrook, K. S. Bennoor, Samuel Benveniste, Karl C. Bergmann, Slawomir Bialek, Nils Billo, Carsten Bindslev-Jensen, Leif Bjermer, Hubert Blain, Mateo Bonini, Philippe Bonniaud, Jacques Bouchard, Vitalis Briedis, Christofer E. Brightling, Jan Brozek, Roland Buhl, Roland Buonaiuto, Giorgo W. Canonica, Victoria Cardona, Ana M. Carriazo, Warner Carr, Christine Cartier, Thomas Casale, Lorenzo Cecchi, Alfonso M. Cepeda Sarabia, Eka Chkhartishvili, Derek K. Chu, Cemal Cingi, Elaine Colgan, Jaime Correia de Sousa, Anne Lise Courbis, Adnan Custovic, Biljana Cvetkosvki, Gennaro D’Amato, Jane da Silva, Carina Dantas, Dejand Dokic, Yves Dauvilliers, Antoni Dedeu, Giulia De Feo, Philippe Devillier, Stefania Di Capua, Marc Dykewickz, Ruta Dubakiene, Motohiro Ebisawa, Yaya El-Gamal, Esben Eller, Regina Emuzyte, John Farrell, Antjie Fink-Wagner, Alessandro Fiocchi, Jean F. Fontaine, Bilun Gemicioğlu, Peter Schmid-Grendelmeir, Amiran Gamkrelidze, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Maximiliano Gomez, Sandra González Diaz, Maia Gotua, Nick A. Guldemond, Maria-Antonieta Guzmán, Jawad Hajjam, John O’B Hourihane, Marc Humbert, Guido Iaccarino, Despo Ierodiakonou, Juan C. Ivancevich, Guy Joos, Ki-Suck Jung, Marek Jutel, Igor Kaidashev, Omer Kalayci, Przemyslaw Kardas, Thomas Keil, Mussa Khaitov, Nikolai Khaltaev, Jorg Kleine-Tebbe, Marek L. Kowalski, Vicky Kritikos, Inger Kull, Lisa Leonardini, Philip Lieberman, Brian Lipworth, Karin C. Lodrup Carlsen, Claudia C. Loureiro, Renaud Louis, Alpana Mair, Gert Marien, Bassam Mahboub, Joao Malva, Patrick Manning, Esteban De Manuel Keenoy, Gailen D. Marshall, Mohamed R. Masjedi, Jorge F. Maspero, Eve Mathieu-Dupas, Poalo M. Matricardi, Eric Melén, Elisabete Melo-Gomes, Eli O. Meltzer, Jacques Mercier, Neven Miculinic, Florin Mihaltan, Branislava Milenkovic, Giuliana Moda, Maria-Dolores Mogica-Martinez, Yousser Mohammad, Steve Montefort, Ricardo Monti, Mario Morais-Almeida, Ralf Mösges, Lars Münter, Antonella Muraro, Ruth Murray, Robert Naclerio, Luigi Napoli, Leila Namazova-Baranova, Hugo Neffen, Kristoff Nekam, Angelo Neou, Enrico Novellino, Dieudonné Nyembue, Robin O’Hehir, Ken Ohta, Kimi Okubo, Gabrielle Onorato, Solange Ouedraogo, Isabella Pali-Schöll, Susanna Palkonen, Peter Panzner, Hae-Sim Park, Jean-Louis Pépin, Ana-Maria Pereira, Oliver Pfaar, Ema Paulino, Jim Phillips, Davor Plavec, Ted A. Popov, Fabienne Portejoie, David Price, Emmanuel P. Prokopakis, Benoit Pugin, Filip Raciborski, Rojin Rajabian-Söderlund, Sietze Reitsma, Xavier Rodo, Antonino Romano, Nelson Rosario, Menahenm Rottem, Dermot Ryan, Johanna Salimäki, Mario M. Sanchez-Borges, Juan-Carlos Sisul, Dirceu Solé, David Somekh, Talant Sooronbaev, Milan Sova, Otto Spranger, Cristina Stellato, Rafael Stelmach, Charlotte Suppli Ulrik, Michel Thibaudon, Teresa To, Ana Todo-Bom, Peter V. Tomazic, Antonio A. Valero, Rudolph Valenta, Marylin Valentin-Rostan, Rianne van der Kleij, Olivier Vandenplas, Giorgio Vezzani, Frédéric Viart, Giovanni Viegi, Dana Wallace, Martin Wagenmann, De Y. Wang, Susan Waserman, Magnus Wickman, Dennis M. Williams, Gary Wong, Piotr Wroczynski, Panayiotis K. Yiallouros, Arzu Yorgancioglu, Osman M. Yusuf, Heahter J. Zar, Stéphane Zeng, Mario Zernotti, Luo Zhang, Nan S. Zhong, Mihaela Zidarn, the ARIA Study Group, and the MASK Study Group

Subjects
Health care transformation, Care pathways, Rhinitis, ARIA, MASK, POLLAR, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Abstract Background In all societies, the burden and cost of allergic and chronic respiratory diseases are increasing rapidly. Most economies are struggling to deliver modern health care effectively. There is a need to support the transformation of the health care system into integrated care with organizational health literacy. Main body As an example for chronic disease care, MASK (Mobile Airways Sentinel NetworK), a new project of the ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) initiative, and POLLAR (Impact of Air POLLution on Asthma and Rhinitis, EIT Health), in collaboration with professional and patient organizations in the field of allergy and airway diseases, are proposing real-life ICPs centred around the patient with rhinitis, and using mHealth to monitor environmental exposure. Three aspects of care pathways are being developed: (i) Patient participation, health literacy and self-care through technology-assisted “patient activation”, (ii) Implementation of care pathways by pharmacists and (iii) Next-generation guidelines assessing the recommendations of GRADE guidelines in rhinitis and asthma using real-world evidence (RWE) obtained through mobile technology. The EU and global political agendas are of great importance in supporting the digital transformation of health and care, and MASK has been recognized by DG Santé as a Good Practice in the field of digitally-enabled, integrated, person-centred care. Conclusion In 20 years, ARIA has considerably evolved from the first multimorbidity guideline in respiratory diseases to the digital transformation of health and care with a strong political involvement.

Published
2019
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19. Serum Allergen-Specific IgE among Pediatric Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency

Author

Karolina Pieniawska-Śmiech, Aleksandra Lewandowicz-Uszyńska, Magdalena Zemelka-Wiacek, and Marek Jutel

Subjects
allergy, inborn errors of immunity, immunoglobulin E (IgE), primary immunodeficiency (PID), specific IgE (sIgE), Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract

Background: Allergy is a clinical condition that reflects a deviated function of the immune system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) along with clinical manifestations of allergy in patients with diagnosed primary immunodeficiency (PID). Methods: 72 patients, aged 1–17 years, diagnosed with PID and hospitalized between July 2020 and February 2021 were included in the study. Blood samples were obtained by venipuncture. sIgE (30 allergens), blood eosinophil count, as well as total IgE and IgG were measured and assessed in relation to a detailed medical examination. Results: Serum sIgE was detected in the blood of 50% of the patients in the study group, which significantly correlated (p < 0.0001) with clinical symptoms of allergy. During the period of the study, 61.1% of the patients showed symptoms of allergy, with 77.27% of them having tested positive for sIgE. The total IgE level was elevated in 18.06% of the patients and correlated with clinical symptoms of allergy (p = 0.004). An elevated total IgE level was not observed in children receiving immunoglobulin replacement therapy. Conclusion: The study showed that serum sIgE and total IgE together might be a plausible diagnostic tool for PID patients. However, for patients receiving immunoglobulin replacement therapy, the assessment of total IgE is not useful.

Published
2022
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20. Peak nasal inspiratory flow as outcome for provocation studies in allergen exposure chambers: a GA2LEN study

Author

Georg Boelke, Uwe Berger, Karl-Christian Bergmann, Carsten Bindslev-Jensen, Jean Bousquet, Julia Gildemeister, Marek Jutel, Oliver Pfaar, Torsten Sehlinger, and Torsten Zuberbier

Subjects
Allergen exposure chamber (AEC), Allergy trial, GA2LEN chamber, Peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF), Provocation study, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Abstract Background The GA2LEN chamber has been developed as a novel mobile allergen exposure chamber (AEC) allowing standardized multicenter trials in allergy. Hitherto, subjective nasal symptom scores have been the most often used outcome parameter, but in standardized modern trials objective parameters are preferred. Despite its practicability, the objective parameter peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) has been rarely used for allergy trials in the setting of allergen exposure chambers. This study aims to evaluate PNIF as an outcome parameter for provocation studies in AECs. Methods In a randomized controlled blinded setting subjects suffering from allergic rhinitis were exposed to grass pollen, birch pollen, house dust mite and/or placebo in the GA2LEN chamber. Different allergen concentrations were used to evaluate symptom severities. Patients had to perform PNIF before and every 30 min during a challenge using a portable PNIF meter. Results 86 subjects participated in 203 challenges, altogether. House dust mite provocations caused the greatest reduction in PNIF values, followed by grass pollen and birch pollen. Provocations with every allergen or pollen concentration led to a significant decrease (p

Published
2017
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21. Allergen immunotherapy for allergic asthma: a systematic overview of systematic reviews

Author

Felix Asamoah, Artemisia Kakourou, Sangeeta Dhami, Susanne Lau, Ioana Agache, Antonella Muraro, Graham Roberts, Cezmi Akdis, Matteo Bonini, Ozlem Cavkaytar, Breda Flood, Kenji Izuhara, Marek Jutel, Ömer Kalayci, Oliver Pfaar, and Aziz Sheikh

Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Abstract Background There is clinical uncertainty about the effectiveness and safety of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) for the treatment of allergic asthma. Objectives To undertake a systematic overview of the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and safety of AIT for the treatment of allergic asthma. Methods We searched nine electronic databases from inception to October 31, 2015. Systematic reviews were independently screened by two reviewers against pre-defined eligibility criteria and critically appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme quality assessment tool for systematic reviews. Data were descriptively and thematically synthesized. Results We identified nine eligible systematic reviews; these focused on delivery of AIT through the following routes: subcutaneous (SCIT; n = 3); sublingual (SLIT; n = 4); and both SCIT and SLIT (n = 2). This evidence found that AIT delivered by SCIT and SLIT can improve medication and symptom scores and measures of bronchial hyper-reactivity. The impact on measures of lung function or asthma control was however less clear. We found no systematic review level evidence on the cost-effectiveness of SCIT or SLIT. SLIT had a favorable safety profile when compared to SCIT, particularly in relation to the risk of systemic reactions. Conclusions AIT has the potential to achieve reductions in symptom and medication scores, but there is no clear or consistent evidence that measures of lung function can be improved. Bearing in mind the limitations of synthesizing evidence from systematic reviews and the fact that these reviews include mainly dated studies, a systematic review of current primary studies is now needed to update this evidence base, estimate the effectiveness of AIT on asthma outcomes and to investigate the relative effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and safety of SCIT and SLIT.

Published
2017
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22. Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) – indications, mechanism, and efficacy Position paper prepared by the Section of Immunotherapy, Polish Society of Allergy

Author

Marek Jutel, Małgorzata Bartkowiak-Emeryk, Anna Bręborowicz, Ewa Cichocka-Jarosz, Andrzej Emeryk, Radosław Gawlik, Paweł Gonerko, Barbara Rogala, Anna Nowak-Węgrzyn, Bolesław Samoliński, and and other members of IT Section PTA

Subjects
child, adult, desensitization, immunologic/methods, allergen/therapeutic use, Agriculture, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

SLIT ( sublingual immunotherapy ) induces allergen-specific immune tolerance by sublingual administration of a gradually increasing dose of an allergen. The mechanism of SLIT is comparable to those during SCIT (subcutaneous immunotherapy), with the exception of local oral dendritic cells, pre-programmed to elicit tolerance. In the SLIT dose, to achieve the same efficacy as in SCIT, it should be 50–100 times higher with better safety profile. The highest quality evidence supporting the efficacy of SLIT lasting 1 – 3 years has been provided by the large scale double-blind, placebo-controlled (DBPC) trials for grass pollen extracts, both in children and adults with allergic rhinitis. Current indications for SLIT are allergic rhinitis (and conjunctivitis) in both children and adults sensitized to pollen allergens (trees, grass, Parietaria ), house dust mites ( Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae ), cat fur, as well as mild to moderate controlled atopic asthma in children sensitized to house dust mites. There are positive findings for both asthma and new sensitization prevention. Severe adverse events, including anaphylaxis, are very rare, and no fatalities have been reported. Local adverse reactions develop in up to 70 – 80% of patients. Risk factors for SLIT adverse events have not been clearly identified. Risk factors of non-adherence to treatment might be dependent on the patient, disease treatment, physician-patient relationship, and variables in the health care system organization.

Published
2015
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23. Mechanisms of Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy and Novel Ways for Vaccine Development

Author

Marek Jutel, Willem Van de Veen, Ioana Agache, Kursat A Azkur, Mubeccel Akdis, and Cezmi A Akdis

Subjects
allergy vaccines, B regulatory cells, desensitization, immune tolerance, T regulatory cells, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the only available curative treatment of allergic diseases. Recent evidence provided a plausible explanation to its multiple mechanisms inducing both rapid desensitization and long-term allergen-specific immune tolerance, and suppression of allergic inflammation in the affected tissues. During SIT, peripheral tolerance is induced by the generation of allergen-specific regulatory T cells, which suppress proliferative and cytokine responses against the allergen of interest. Regulatory T cells are characterized by IL-10 and TGF-beta secretion and expression of important cell surface suppressive molecules such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 and programmed death-1 that directly or indirectly influence effector cells of allergic inflammation, such as mast cells, basophils and eosinophils. Regulatory T cells and particularly IL-10 also have an influence on B cells, suppressing IgE production and inducing the production of blocking type IgG4 antibodies. In addition, development of allergen-specific B regulatory cells that produce IL-10 and develop into IgG4 producing plasma cells represent essential players in peripheral tolerance. These findings together with the new biotechnological approaches create a platform for development of the advanced vaccines. Moreover, reliable biomarkers could be selected and validated with the intention to select the patients who will benefit most from this immune-modifying treatment. Thus, allergen-SIT could provide a complete cure for a larger number of allergic patients and novel preventive approaches need to be elaborated.

Published
2013
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25. Erratum to: Allergen immunotherapy for allergic asthma: protocol for a systematic review

Author

Sangeeta Dhami, Ulugbek Nurmatov, Ioana Agache, Susanne Lau, Antonella Muraro, Marek Jutel, Graham Roberts, Cezmi Akdis, Matteo Bonini, Moises Calderon, Thomas Casale, Ozlem Cavkaytar, Linda Cox, Pascal Demoly, Breda Flood, Eckard Hamelmann, Kenji Izuhara, Ömer Kalayci, Jörg Kleine-Tebbe, Antonio Nieto, Nikolaos Papadopoulos, Oliver Pfaar, Lanny Rosenwasser, Dermot Ryan, Carsten Schmidt-Weber, Stan Szefler, Ulrich Wahn, Roy-Gerth van Wijk, Jamie Wilkinson, and Aziz Sheikh

Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Unfortunately this article [1] was published with an error in the Funding section. The BM4SIT project is not acknowledged. This section should be corrected to the below: Funding EAACI and the BM4SIT project (Grant Number 601763) in the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme FP7.

Published
2017
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26. Patient-centred digital biomarkers for allergic respiratory diseases and asthma:the ARIA-EAACI approach

Author

Jean Bousquet, Mohamed H. Shamji, Josep M. Anto, Holger J. Schünemann, G. Walter Canonica, Marek Jutel, Stefano Del Giacco, Torsten Zuberbier, Oliver Pfaar, Joao A. Fonseca, Bernardo Sousa‐Pinto, Ludger Klimek, Wienczyslawa Czarlewski, Anna Bedbrook, Rita Amaral, Ignacio J. Ansotegui, Sinthia Bosnic‐Anticevich, Fulvio Braido, Claudia Chaves Loureiro, Bilun Gemicioglu, Tari Haahtela, Marek Kulus, Piotr Kuna, Maciej Kupczyk, Paolo M. Matricardi, Frederico S. Regateiro, Boleslaw Samolinski, Mikhail Sofiev, Sanna Toppila‐Salmi, Arunas Valiulis, Maria Teresa Ventura, Cristina Barbara, Karl C. Bergmann, Michael Bewick, Hubert Blain, Matteo Bonini, Louis‐Philippe Boulet, Rodolphe Bourret, Guy Brusselle, Luisa Brussino, Roland Buhl, Victoria Cardona, Thomas Casale, Lorenzo Cecchi, Denis Charpin, Ivan Cherrez‐Ojeda, Derek K. Chu, Cemal Cingi, Elisio M. Costa, Alvaro A. Cruz, Philippe Devillier, Stephanie Dramburg, Wytske J. Fokkens, Maia Gotua, Enrico Heffler, Zhanat Ispayeva, Juan Carlos Ivancevich, Guy Joos, Igor Kaidashev, Helga Kraxner, Violeta Kvedariene, Désirée E. Larenas‐Linnemann, Daniel Laune, Olga Lourenço, Renaud Louis, Mika Makela, Michael Makris, Marcus Maurer, Erik Melén, Yann Micheli, Mario Morais‐Almeida, Joaquim Mullol, Marek Niedoszytko, Robyn O’Hehir, Yoshitaka Okamoto, Heidi Olze, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Alberto Papi, Vincenzo Patella, Benoit Pétré, Nhân Pham‐Thi, Francesca Puggioni, Santiago Quirce, Nicolas Roche, Philip W. Rouadi, Ana Sá‐Sousa, Hironori Sagara, Joaquin Sastre, Nicola Scichilone, Aziz Sheikh, Milan Sova, Charlotte Suppli Ulrik, Luis Taborda‐Barata, Ana Todo‐Bom, Maria J. Torres, Ioanna Tsiligianni, Omar S. Usmani, Erkka Valovirta, Tuula Vasankari, Rafael José Vieira, Dana Wallace, Susan Waserman, Mihaela Zidarn, Arzu Yorgancioglu, Luo Zhang, Tomas Chivato, and Markus Ollert

Subjects
Immunology, Immunology and Allergy
Abstract

Biomarkers for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with rhinitis and/or asthma are urgently needed. Although some biologic biomarkers exist in specialist care for asthma, they cannot be largely used in primary care. There are no validated biomarkers in rhinitis or allergen immunotherapy (AIT) that can be used in clinical practice. The digital transformation of health and health care (including mHealth) places the patient at the center of the health system and is likely to optimize the practice of allergy. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) and EAACI (European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology) developed a Task Force aimed at proposing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) as digital biomarkers that can be easily used for different purposes in rhinitis and asthma. It first defined control digital biomarkers that should make a bridge between clinical practice, randomized controlled trials, observational real-life studies and allergen challenges. Using the MASK-air app as a model, a daily electronic combined symptom-medication score for allergic diseases (CSMS) or for asthma (e-DASTHMA), combined with a monthly control questionnaire, was embedded in a strategy similar to the diabetes approach for disease control. To mimic real-life, it secondly proposed quality-of-life digital biomarkers including daily EQ-5D visual analogue scales and the bi-weekly RhinAsthma Patient Perspective (RAAP). The potential implications for the management of allergic respiratory diseases were proposed.

Published
2023

27. Development and validation of combined symptom-medication scores for allergic rhinitis*

Author

Bernardo Sousa‐Pinto, Luís Filipe Azevedo, Marek Jutel, Ioana Agache, G. Walter Canonica, Wienczyslawa Czarlewski, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Karl‐Christian Bergmann, Philippe Devillier, Daniel Laune, Ludger Klimek, Aram Anto, Josep M. Anto, Patrik Eklund, Rute Almeida, Anna Bedbrook, Sinthia Bosnic‐Anticevich, Helen A. Brough, Luisa Brussino, Victoria Cardona, Thomas Casale, Lorenzo Cecchi, Denis Charpin, Tomás Chivato, Elisio M. Costa, Alvaro A. Cruz, Stephanie Dramburg, Stephen R. Durham, Giulia De Feo, Roy Gerth van Wijk, Wystke J. Fokkens, Bilun Gemicioglu, Tari Haahtela, Maddalena Illario, Juan Carlos Ivancevich, Violeta Kvedariene, Piotr Kuna, Désirée E. Larenas‐Linnemann, Michael Makris, Eve Mathieu‐Dupas, Erik Melén, Mario Morais‐Almeida, Ralph Mösges, Joaquim Mullol, Kari C. Nadeau, Nhân Pham‐Thi, Robyn O’Hehir, Frederico S. Regateiro, Sietze Reitsma, Boleslaw Samolinski, Aziz Sheikh, Cristiana Stellato, Ana Todo‐Bom, Peter Valentin Tomazic, Sanna Toppila‐Salmi, Antonio Valero, Arunas Valiulis, Maria Teresa Ventura, Dana Wallace, Susan Waserman, Arzu Yorgancioglu, Govert De Vries, Michiel van Eerd, Petra Zieglmayer, Torsten Zuberbier, Oliver Pfaar, João Almeida Fonseca, Jean Bousquet, Internal Medicine, HUS Inflammation Center, Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, University of Helsinki, Ear, Nose and Throat, AII - Inflammatory diseases, Publica, Sousa-Pinto, B., Azevedo, L. F., Jutel, M., Agache, I., Canonica, G. W., Czarlewski, W., Papadopoulos, N. G., Bergmann, K. -C., Devillier, P., Laune, D., Klimek, L., Anto, A., Anto, J. M., Eklund, P., Almeida, R., Bedbrook, A., Bosnic-Anticevich, S., Brough, H. A., Brussino, L., Cardona, V., Casale, T., Cecchi, L., Charpin, D., Chivato, T., Costa, E. M., Cruz, A. A., Dramburg, S., Durham, S. R., De Feo, G., Gerth van Wijk, R., Fokkens, W. J., Gemicioglu, B., Haahtela, T., Illario, M., Ivancevich, J. C., Kvedariene, V., Kuna, P., Larenas-Linnemann, D. E., Makris, M., Mathieu-Dupas, E., Melen, E., Morais-Almeida, M., Mosges, R., Mullol, J., Nadeau, K. C., Pham-Thi, N., O'Hehir, R., Regateiro, F. S., Reitsma, S., Samolinski, B., Sheikh, A., Stellato, Cristiana, Todo-Bom, A., Tomazic, P. V., Toppila-Salmi, S., Valero, A., Valiulis, A., Ventura, M. T., Wallace, D., Waserman, S., Yorgancioglu, A., De Vries, G., van Eerd, M., Zieglmayer, P., Zuberbier, T., Pfaar, O., Almeida Fonseca, J., and Bousquet, J.

Subjects
Work, medication score, quality-of-life, rhinitis, symptom score, work, Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Immunology, QUESTIONNAIRE, RESPONSIVENESS, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, IMMUNOTHERAPY, VALIDITY, Lungmedicin och allergi, Rhinitis, Medication score, EQ-5D, Reproducibility of Results, IMPAIRMENT, Rhinitis, Allergic, WORK PRODUCTIVITY, Symptom score, rhiniti, TRIALS, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, RELIABILITY, Quality of Life, ASTHMA, Quality-of-life, 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit
Abstract

Background: Validated combined symptom-medication scores (CSMSs) are needed to investigate the effects of allergic rhinitis treatments. This study aimed to use real-life data from the MASK-air® app to generate and validate hypothesis- and data-driven CSMSs. Methods: We used MASK-air® data to assess the concurrent validity, test-retest reliability and responsiveness of one hypothesis-driven CSMS (modified CSMS: mCSMS), one mixed hypothesis- and data-driven score (mixed score), and several data-driven CSMSs. The latter were generated with MASK-air® data following cluster analysis and regression models or factor analysis. These CSMSs were compared with scales measuring (i) the impact of rhinitis on work productivity (visual analogue scale [VAS] of work of MASK-air®, and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment: Allergy Specific [WPAI-AS]), (ii) quality-of-life (EQ-5D VAS) and (iii) control of allergic diseases (Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test [CARAT]). Results: We assessed 317,176 days of MASK-air® use from 17,780 users aged 16-90 years, in 25 countries. The mCSMS and the factor analyses-based CSMSs displayed poorer validity and responsiveness compared to the remaining CSMSs. The latter displayed moderate-to-strong correlations with the tested comparators, high test-retest reliability and moderate-to-large responsiveness. Among data-driven CSMSs, a better performance was observed for cluster analyses-based CSMSs. High accuracy (capacity of discriminating different levels of rhinitis control) was observed for the latter (AUC-ROC = 0.904) and for the mixed CSMS (AUC-ROC = 0.820). Conclusion: The mixed CSMS and the cluster-based CSMSs presented medium-high validity, reliability and accuracy, rendering them as candidates for primary endpoints in future rhinitis trials.

Published
2022

28. Safety and Tolerability of Bilastine 0.6% Ophthalmic Solution: An 8-Weeks Phase III Study

Author

Piotr Kuna, Marek Jutel, Grazyna Pulka, Slawomir Tokarski, Paula Arranz, Gonzalo Hernández, and Nieves Fernández Hernando

Subjects
Ophthalmology, Clinical Ophthalmology
Abstract

Piotr Kuna,1 Marek Jutel,2,3 Grazyna Pulka,4 Slawomir Tokarski,5 Paula Arranz,6 Gonzalo Hernández,6 Nieves Fernández Hernando6 1Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; 2Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroc&lstrok;aw, Poland; 3All-Med Medical Research Institute, Wroc&lstrok;aw, Poland; 4Centrum Medyczne All-Med, Krakòw, Poland; 5Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland; 6Department of Research, Development and Innovation, FAES FARMA, Leioa, Bizkaia, SpainCorrespondence: Nieves Fernández Hernando, FAES FARMA, S.A, Av. Autonomía 10, Leioa, Bizkaia, 48940, Spain, Tel +34 94 481 83 00, Email nfernandez@faes.esPurpose: The objective of this study was to assess the safety and tolerability of preservative-free bilastine 0.6% ophthalmic solution after 8 weeks of once-daily administration in patients with allergic conjunctivitis (AC).Patients and Methods: Multi-center, international, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase III study of adult patients with seasonal or perennial AC. The study was conducted in 26 centers of 5 European countries. Duration of daily treatment with bilastine 0.6% ophthalmic solution or placebo was 8 weeks. Safety was evaluated by analyzing incidence of ocular treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs); additionally, and as secondary parameters, ocular tolerability was assessed, in addition efficacy was also assessed by the average daily total eye symptoms score (TESS).Results: A total of 333 randomized patients with AC were included (bilastine, N=218; placebo, N=115). Mean (SD) age of the patients was 39.9 (13.7) and were 63.7% female. Overall, the percentage of ocular related TEAEs was low, and the percentage of patients with ocular related TEAEs was lower in the bilastine ophthalmic solution group (2.8%) than in the placebo group (4.3%). No severe TEAEs were reported. The ocular symptoms and TESS improved during the trial in both treatment groups. Statistically significant treatment differences were observed at Week 8 for the TESS and all individual ocular symptoms, being significantly better in the bilastine ophthalmic solution group than in placebo group.Conclusion: Bilastine 0.6% ophthalmic solution revealed no safety concerns in patients with AC after 8 weeks of once-daily administration. Bilastine was effective in reducing ocular symptoms associated with AC in response to both seasonal and perennial allergens.Keywords: H1-antihistamine, bilastine, safety, allergic conjunctivitis, ocular allergy, ophthalmic solution

Published
2023

29. EAACI Molecular Allergology User's Guide 2.0

Author

Stephanie Dramburg, Christiane Hilger, Alexandra F. Santos, Leticia de las Vecillas, Rob C. Aalberse, Nathalie Acevedo, Lorenz Aglas, Friedrich Altmann, Karla L. Arruda, Riccardo Asero, Barbara Ballmer‐Weber, Domingo Barber, Kirsten Beyer, Tilo Biedermann, Maria Beatrice Bilo, Simon Blank, Philipp P. Bosshard, Heimo Breiteneder, Helen A. Brough, Merima Bublin, Dianne Campbell, Luis Caraballo, Jean Christoph Caubet, Giorgio Celi, Martin D. Chapman, Maksymilian Chruszcz, Adnan Custovic, Rebecca Czolk, Janet Davies, Nikolaos Douladiris, Bernadette Eberlein, Motohiro Ebisawa, Anna Ehlers, Philippe Eigenmann, Gabriele Gadermaier, Mattia Giovannini, Francisca Gomez, Rebecca Grohman, Carole Guillet, Christine Hafner, Robert G. Hamilton, Michael Hauser, Thomas Hawranek, Hans Jürgen Hoffmann, Thomas Holzhauser, Tomona Iizuka, Alain Jacquet, Thilo Jakob, Bente Janssen‐Weets, Uta Jappe, Marek Jutel, Tanja Kalic, Sandip Kamath, Sabine Kespohl, Jörg Kleine‐Tebbe, Edward Knol, André Knulst, Jon R. Konradsen, Peter Korošec, Annette Kuehn, Gideon Lack, Thuy‐My Le, Andreas Lopata, Olga Luengo, Mika Mäkelä, Alessandro Maria Marra, Clare Mills, Martine Morisset, Antonella Muraro, Anna Nowak‐Wegrzyn, Roni Nugraha, Markus Ollert, Kati Palosuo, Elide Anna Pastorello, Sarita Ulhas Patil, Thomas Platts‐Mills, Anna Pomés, Pascal Poncet, Ekaterina Potapova, Lars K. Poulsen, Christian Radauer, Suzana Radulovic, Monika Raulf, Pierre Rougé, Joaquin Sastre, Sakura Sato, Enrico Scala, Johannes M. Schmid, Peter Schmid‐Grendelmeier, Denise Schrama, Hélène Sénéchal, Claudia Traidl‐Hoffmann, Marcela Valverde‐Monge, Marianne van Hage, Ronald van Ree, Kitty Verhoeckx, Stefan Vieths, Magnus Wickman, Josefina Zakzuk, Paolo M. Matricardi, Karin Hoffmann‐Sommergruber, Institut Català de la Salut, [Dramburg S] Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. [Hilger C] Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg. [Santos AF] Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom. [de Las Vecillas L] Department of Allergy, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain. [Aalberse RC] Sanquin Research, Dept Immunopathology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [Acevedo N] Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, Colombia. [Luengo O] RETIC ARADyAL and RICORS Enfermedades Inflamatorias (REI), Madrid, Spain. Unitat Docent d’Al·lergologia, Servei de Medicina Interna, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus

Subjects
component-resolved diagnosis, Al·lèrgia - Tractament, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Blood Proteins::Immunoproteins::Immunoglobulins::Antibodies::Immunoglobulin Isotypes::Immunoglobulin E [CHEMICALS AND DRUGS], molecular allergology, precision medicine, Immunology, seed storage proteins, oleosins, gibberellin-regulated proteins, profilins, cross-reactive carbohydrates, tropomyosins, diagnostic algorithms, pollen allergy, aminoácidos, péptidos y proteínas::proteínas::proteínas sanguíneas::inmunoproteínas::inmunoglobulinas::anticuerpos::isotipos de inmunoglobulinas::inmunoglobulina E [COMPUESTOS QUÍMICOS Y DROGAS], anaphylaxis, Immunology and Allergy, ddc:610, Otros calificadores::/terapia [Otros calificadores], parvalbumins, food allergy, polcalcins, atopic dermatitis, enfermedades del sistema inmune::hipersensibilidad [ENFERMEDADES], Immune System Diseases::Hypersensitivity [DISEASES], Immunoglobulina E, Other subheadings::/therapy [Other subheadings], asthma, allergy, pathogenesis-related protein family 10, allergy diagnosis, IgE cross-reactivity, basophil activation test, pan-allergens, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, non-specific lipid transfer proteins, Al·lèrgia - Diagnòstic, IgE, serum albumins, lipocalins, microarray
Abstract

Alergia; Anafilaxia; Asma Allergy; Anaphylaxis; Asthma Al·lèrgia; Anafilaxi; Asma Since the discovery of immunoglobulin E (IgE) as a mediator of allergic diseases in 1967, our knowledge about the immunological mechanisms of IgE-mediated allergies has remarkably increased. In addition to understanding the immune response and clinical symptoms, allergy diagnosis and management depend strongly on the precise identification of the elicitors of the IgE-mediated allergic reaction. In the past four decades, innovations in bioscience and technology have facilitated the identification and production of well-defined, highly pure molecules for component-resolved diagnosis (CRD), allowing a personalized diagnosis and management of the allergic disease for individual patients. The first edition of the “EAACI Molecular Allergology User's Guide” (MAUG) in 2016 rapidly became a key reference for clinicians, scientists, and interested readers with a background in allergology, immunology, biology, and medicine. Nevertheless, the field of molecular allergology is moving fast, and after 6 years, a new EAACI Taskforce was established to provide an updated document. The Molecular Allergology User's Guide 2.0 summarizes state-of-the-art information on allergen molecules, their clinical relevance, and their application in diagnostic algorithms for clinical practice. It is designed for both, clinicians and scientists, guiding health care professionals through the overwhelming list of different allergen molecules available for testing. Further, it provides diagnostic algorithms on the clinical relevance of allergenic molecules and gives an overview of their biology, the basic mechanisms of test formats, and the application of tests to measure allergen exposure.

Published
2023

30. EAACI Guidelines on environmental science in allergic diseases and asthma – leveraging artificial intelligence and machine learning to develop a causality model in exposomics

Author

Mohamed H. Shamji, Markus Ollert, Ian M. Adcock, Oscar Bennett, Alberto Favaro, Roudin Sarama, Carmen Riggioni, Isabella Annesi‐Maesano, Adnan Custovic, Sara Fontanella, Claudia Traidl‐Hoffmann, Kari Nadeau, Lorenzo Cecchi, Magdalena Zemelka‐Wiacek, Cezmi A. Akdis, Marek Jutel, and Ioana Agache

Subjects
Immunology, Immunology and Allergy
Published
2023

31. Management of anaphylaxis due to COVID-19 vaccines in the elderly

Author

Paulo Augusto Moreira Camargos, Radolslaw Gawlik, Mirko Petrovic, Gunter J. Sturm, Kristof Nekam, Sergio Bonini, Zhanat Ispayeva, Marilyn Urrutia Pereira, Jean Bousquet, Antti Lauerma, Menachem Rottem, Arzu Yorgancioglu, Hubert Blain, Antonio Cherubini, Mário Morais-Almeida, Nathalie Salles, Charlotte G. Mortz, Sylwia Smolinska, Davor Plavec, A. Bedbrook, Torsten Zuberbier, Helga Kraxner, M. Beatrice Bilò, Sinthia Bosnic-Anticevich, Gaëtan Gavazzi, Finbarr C. Martin, Alvaro A. Cruz, K. S. Bennoor, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Mohamed H. Shamji, Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Marina Atanaskovic-Markovic, Carsten Bindslev-Jensen, Lan Tt Le, Isabel Skypala, Ana Todo-Bom, Vincenzo Patella, Lorenzo Cecchi, Charlotte Suppli Ulrik, Oscar Palomares, Joaquin Sastre, Hans Jürgen Hoffmann, Knut Brockow, Eva Untersmayr, Martin Hrubisko, Bernadette Eberlein, Aziz Sheikh, Milan Sova, Osman M. Yusuf, Violeta Kvedariene, G. Walter Canonica, Dana Wallace, Ioana Agache, Milena Sokolowska, Jos M. G. A. Schols, Susan Waserman, Stéphanie Miot, Carla Irani, Regina E Roller-Winsberger, Michael Levin, Yves Rolland, Emma Montella, Bilun Gemicioglu, Bolesław Samoliński, Stefano Del Giacco, Madda lenaIllario, Yehia El-Gamal, Olga Lourenço, Jean-Christoph Roger J-P Caubet, Luisa Brussino, Marysia Recto, De Yun Wang, Igor Kaidashev, Renaud Louis, Antonino Romano, Mario E. Zernotti, Jacques Reynes, Pedro Carreiro-Martins, Alexandra F. Santos, Marek Niedoszytko, M. Gotua, Musa Khaitov, Thomas B. Casale, Andrea Matucci, Bernardo Sousa-Pinto, Rafael Stelmach, Dejan Dokic, Joana Vitte, Motohiro Ebisawa, Maria Teresa Ventura, Joaquim Mullol, Tomas Chivato, Petr Panzner, Oliver Pfaar, Sanna Toppila-Salmi, Ioanna Tsiligianni, Wytske Fokkens, Alessandra Vultaggio, H. Neffen, Juan Carlos Ivancevich, Ya-dong Gao, Anna Sediva, Maja Hofmann, Ana Maria Carriazo, João Fonseca, Marek Jutel, A. Benetos, Nhân Pham-Thi, Mona Al-Ahmad, Arunas Valiulis, Mihaela Zidarn, Elizabeth Angier, Yoshitaka Okamoto, Montserrat Fernandez-Rivas, Cezmi A. Akdis, Philip W. Rouadi, Olivier Guérin, John Farrell, Mikaela Odemyr, George Christoff, Vera Mahler, Claus Bachert, Edward F. Knol, Wienczyslawa Czarlewski, Robyn E O'Hehir, Victoria Cardona, Ludger Klimek, Tari Haahtela, Vincent Le Moing, Branislava Milenkovic, Carmen Rondon, Kaja Julge, Jolanta Walusiak-Skorupa, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Aslı Gelincik, Markus Ollert, Piotr Kuna, Leyla Namazova-Baranova, Margitta Worm, Annick Barbaud, Elena Camelia Berghea, Todor A. Popov, Derek K. Chu, María José Torres, Faradiba Sarquis Serpa, Nicola Scichilone, Amir Hamzah Abdul Latiff, Frederico S. Regateiro, Gianni Passalacqua, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Center for Rhinology and Allergology Wiesbaden, University Hospital Mannheim, Humboldt University Of Berlin, Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon (MACVIA-LR), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Transylvania University, Wrocław Medical University, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], University of Cagliari, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Università Politecnica delle Marche [Ancona] (UNIVPM), Medical Consulting Czarlewski, Universiti Putra Malaysia, University of Southampton, Institut Desbrest de santé publique (IDESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Ghent University Hospital, CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Dhaka Shishu Hospital [Bangladesh], University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Carol Davila' Bucharest (UMPCD), Odense University Hospital (OUH), Italian National Research Council, National Research Council [Italy] (CNR), The University of Sydney, Technische Universität München = Technical University of Munich (TUM), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais = Federal University of Minas Gerais [Belo Horizonte, Brazil] (UFMG), IRCCS Research Hospital, Milan, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central E.P.E, University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Azienda Usl Toscana centro [Firenze], Софийски университет = Sofia University, McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], State University of Bahia, Institute of Public Health of Republic of North Macedonia [Skopje], Ain Shams University (ASU), Sagamihara National Hospital [Kanagawa, Japan], Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos [Madrid, Spain] (IdISSC), Amsterdam UMC - Amsterdam University Medical Center, Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Wuhan University [China], CHU Grenoble, Silesian University of Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Helsinki University Hospital [Helsinki, Finlande], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Oncology Institute of St Elisabeth, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, St Joseph University, Hôtel-Dieu de France (HDF), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ), Kazakh National Medical University, Servicio de Alergia e ImmunologiaBuenos Aires (Clinica Santa Isabel), Tartu University Institute of Clinical Medicine, Ukrainina Medical Stomatological Academy [Poltava, Ukraine], Federal Medicobiological Agency [Moscow, Russian Federation], University Medical Center [Utrecht], Semmelweis University [Budapest], Medical University of Łódź (MUL), Vilnius University [Vilnius], University of Medicine and Pharmacy (VIETNAM), University of Cape Town, CHU Sart Tilman, Université de Liège, University of Beira Interior [Portugal] (UBI), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), uBibliorum, Ear, Nose and Throat, AII - Inflammatory diseases, CHU Montpellier, Wroclaw Medical University [Wrocław, Pologne], University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Service de Médecine Interne = Hôpital de jour de médecine [CHU Tenon], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sagamihara National Hospital, Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], RS: CAPHRI - R1 - Ageing and Long-Term Care, Health Services Research, Bousquet J., Agache I., Blain H., Jutel M., Ventura M.T., Worm M., Del Giacco S., Benetos A., Bilo B.M., Czarlewski W., Abdul Latiff A.H., Al-Ahmad M., Angier E., Annesi-Maesano I., Atanaskovic-Markovic M., Bachert C., Barbaud A., Bedbrook A., Bennoor K.S., Berghea E.C., Bindslev-Jensen C., Bonini S., Bosnic-Anticevich S., Brockow K., Brussino L., Camargos P., Canonica G.W., Cardona V., Carreiro-Martins P., Carriazo A., Casale T., Caubet J.-C., Cecchi L., Cherubini A., Christoff G., Chu D.K., Cruz A.A., Dokic D., El-Gamal Y., Ebisawa M., Eberlein B., Farrell J., Fernandez-Rivas M., Fokkens W.J., Fonseca J.A., Gao Y., Gavazzi G., Gawlik R., Gelincik A., Gemicioglu B., Gotua M., Guerin O., Haahtela T., Hoffmann-Sommergruber K., Hoffmann H.J., Hofmann M., Hrubisko M., Illario M., Irani C., Ispayeva Z., Ivancevich J.C., Julge K., Kaidashev I., Khaitov M., Knol E., Kraxner H., Kuna P., Kvedariene V., Lauerma A., Le L.T.T., Le Moing V., Levin M., Louis R., Lourenco O., Mahler V., Martin F.C., Matucci A., Milenkovic B., Miot S., Montella E., Morais-Almeida M., Mortz C.G., Mullol J., Namazova-Baranova L., Neffen H., Nekam K., Niedoszytko M., Odemyr M., O'Hehir R.E., Okamoto Y., Ollert M., Palomares O., Papadopoulos N.G., Panzner P., Passalacqua G., Patella V., Petrovic M., Pfaar O., Pham-Thi N., Plavec D., Popov T.A., Recto M.T., Regateiro F.S., Reynes J., Roller-Winsberger R.E., Rolland Y., Romano A., Rondon C., Rottem M., Rouadi P.W., Salles N., Samolinski B., Santos A.F., S Sarquis F., Sastre J., M. G. A. Schols J., Scichilone N., Sediva A., Shamji M.H., Sheikh A., Skypala I., Smolinska S., Sokolowska M., Sousa-Pinto B., Sova M., Stelmach R., Sturm G., Suppli Ulrik C., Todo-Bom A.M., Toppila-Salmi S., Tsiligianni I., Torres M., Untersmayr E., Urrutia Pereira M., Valiulis A., Vitte J., Vultaggio A., Wallace D., Walusiak-Skorupa J., Wang D.-Y., Waserman S., Yorgancioglu A., Yusuf O.M., Zernotti M., Zidarn M., Chivato T., Akdis C.A., Zuberbier T., Klimek L., HUS Inflammation Center, University of Helsinki, and Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology

Subjects
Male, Allergy, Pediatrics, Eaaci Position Paper, COVID-19 vaccines, older (adults, GUIDELINES, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Medicine and Health Sciences, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geriatrics, MESH: Aged, RISK, Vaccines, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, people), EPINEPHRINE, Epinephrine, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, COVID -19 vaccines, Anaphylaxis, medicine.drug, older (adults/people), medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), MESH: Covid-19, MESH: Epinephrine, Immunology, adrenaline, anaphylaxis, Aged, COVID-19 Vaccines, Humans, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Settore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato Respiratorio, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Diabetes mellitus, Anaphylaxis/etiology, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, COVID‐19 vaccines, Older - Adults/people, Asthma, MESH: Humans, business.industry, adrenaline, anaphylaxis, COVID-19 vaccines, older (adults/people), medicine.disease, Obesity, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, MESH: Male, MESH: Anaphylaxis, Older, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, business, MESH: Covid-19 vaccines, 030215 immunology
Abstract

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Published
2021

32. Interferon Gamma Targeted Therapy: Is It Justified in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome?

Author

Wiland, Agata Sebastian, Marta Madej, Paweł Gajdanowicz, Maciej Sebastian, Anna Łuczak, Magdalena Zemelka-Wiącek, Marek Jutel, and Piotr

Subjects
primary Sjögren syndrome, interferon γ, cytokines
Abstract

Background: The pathomechanism of primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) is multifactorial. Many cytokines take part in this process, including interferon. The study aimed to quantify certain cytokines involved in the pathomechanism of primary Sjögren syndrome (IL2, IL5, IL6, IL10, IL13, TNFα, IFNγ) and determine their common clinical correlation. On this basis, we discuss the potential use of anti-cytokine drugs in pSS therapy. Methods: The study group consisted of adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of pSS. Results: The most frequently detected cytokines were IFNγ (82% of patients), TNFα (70%), IL6 (50%), and IL2 (42.5%). In all patients, except for one patient, IFNγ was found in the presence of other specific cytokines. There was no difference in clinical symptoms, age, and laboratory test results between the group of patients with IL-6 + TNFα + IFNγ positive cytokine, and the group of patients in whom they were not detected. There was no correlation between the presence of IL5, IL13, IL2, IL6, IL10, TNFα and musculoskeletal symptoms, skin lesions, glandular domains, pulmonary neurological, lymphadenopathy, biological and hematological domains in ESSDAI (p > 0.05). Conclusions: IFNγ most likely plays a central role in the pathomechanism of the disease. We have not noticed a clinical correlation between the three most common cytokines (IL6, IFNγ and TNFα), preliminary research results open up the possibility of searching for new treatments for pSS. The lower percentage of patients with detectable levels of TNFα and IL6 may explain the ineffectiveness of drugs targeting cytokines in clinical trials to date.

Published
2022
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33. COVID-19 pandemic

Author

W. J. Fokkens, Jürgen Schwarze, Cezmi A. Akdis, J Mullol, W. Czarlewski, Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann, Claus Bachert, D. Larenas-Linnemann, Tomas Chivato, M. Gotua, Mateo Bonini, Ludger Klimek, Vincenzo Patella, A. A. Cruz, Stephanie Dramburg, Kari C. Nadeau, H W Fritsch, K. Ohta, Thomas Eiwegger, Robert M. Naclerio, Antti Lauerma, A. Yorgancioglu, Aslı Gelincik, Piotr Kuna, Oliver Pfaar, Carmen Riggioni, Violeta Kvedariene, Markus Ollert, Sinthia Bosnic-Anticevich, V. Cardona, S. Del Giacco, Sanna Toppila-Salmi, Helen A. Brough, Heimo Breiteneder, Valérie Hox, B. Samolinski, Zuzana Diamant, G.W. Canonica, Lihong Zhang, María José Torres, Y. Okamoto, Liam O'Mahony, Radosław Gawlik, Jolanta Walusiak-Skorupa, Sharon Chinthrajah, Winfried Rief, T. Haatela, M. Morais-Almeida, Ioana Agache, Manfred Schedlowski, I Skypala, R. Brehler, D. Y. Wang, João Fonseca, I. J. Ansotegui, Robyn E O'Hehir, Oscar Palomares, Charlotte G. Mortz, J. C. Ivancevich, C. Suppli Ulrik, M. T. Ventura, P M Matricardi, S Untersmayr, Gabrielle L. Onorato, Amir Hamzah Abdul Latiff, Frederico S. Regateiro, Vanitha Sampath, Arũnas Valiulis, Marek Jutel, Luisa Brussino, Pedro Carreiro-Martins, Jean Bousquet, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, A. Bedbrook, Torsten Zuberbier, Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Edward F. Knol, Ear, Nose and Throat, AII - Inflammatory diseases, UCL - SSS/IREC/PNEU - Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg, Allergologie, Stimm und Sprachstörungen [Wiesbaden, Germany], Zentrum für Rhinologie und Allergologie [Wiesbaden, Germany], University of Wrocław [Poland] (UWr), ALL-MED, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon (MACVIA-LR), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Stanford University, Skane University Hospital [Malmo], Lund University [Lund], Charles University [Prague] (CU), University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Ctr Res & Learning, Mol Med, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada, The Hospital for sick children [Toronto] (SickKids), University of Toronto, Amsterdam UMC - Amsterdam University Medical Center, Alfred Health, Victoria University [Melbourne], University College Cork (UCC), Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research [Stanford], Stanford Medicine, Stanford University-Stanford University, University Clinics of Essen, University of Essen, Allergy Unit [Malaga, Spain] (National Network ARADyAL), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga = Regional University Hospital of Malaga [Spain], Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, University Hospital Augsburg, National University of Singapore (NUS), Beijing Tongren Hospital, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, National Heart and Lung Institute [London] (NHLI), Imperial College London-Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, University Hospital Münster - Universitaetsklinikum Muenster [Germany] (UKM), Evelina London Children's Hospital, King‘s College London, CEU-San Pablo University and HM-Hospitals School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, Medical University of Silesia (SUM), Istanbul University, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc [Bruxelles], University Medical Center [Utrecht], Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Odense University Hospital (OUH), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu [Barcelona], Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu [Barcelona, Spain], University of Edinburgh, NHS Foundation Trust [London], The Royal Marsden, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine (NIOM), Hospital Quirónsalud Bizkaia [Bilbao], Ghent University Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Woolcock Institute of Medical Research [Sydney], The University of Sydney, University of Turin, Mauriziano Umberto I Hospital, Humanitas University [Milan] (Hunimed), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], Hospital de Dona Estefania, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, Global Alliance Against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD-WHO), Medical Consulting Czarlewski, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, MEDIDA, Lda, David Tvildiani Medical University (DTMU), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Servicio de Alergia e ImmunologiaBuenos Aires (Clinica Santa Isabel), Barlicki University Hospital, Vilnius University [Vilnius], Hospital Medica Sur [Mexico City, Mexico], Pantai Hospital [Kuala Lumpur], Hospital CUF Descobertas, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], Fukujuji Hospital, Tokyo National Hospital, Chiba Rosai Hospital, Chiba University Hospital, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, University of Manchester [Manchester], General Children's Hospital of Athens P & A Kyriakou, 'Santa Maria della Speranza' Hospital, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário [Coimbra], Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research [Coimbra, Portugal] (iCBR - Faculty of Medicine), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Medical University of Warsaw - Poland, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Manisa Celal Bayar University, Transilvania University of Brasov, Salvy-Córdoba, Nathalie, Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, and HUS Inflammation Center

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, viruses, Eaaci Position Paper, Medizin, Cochrane Library, GUIDELINES, FOOD ALLERGY, allergen immunotherapy, allergy clinic, anaphylaxis, asthma, clinical trials, COVID-19, Position Paper, psychological impact, SARS-CoV-2, Allergists, Health Personnel, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Information Technology, Patient Care Team, Triage, SARS‐CoV‐2, DESENSITIZATION, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Patient Care Team, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, HDE ALER, Pandemic, Health care, Immunology and Allergy, ATOPIC-DERMATITIS, MESH: COVID-19, [SDV.IMM.ALL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Allergology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, allergen immunotherapy (AIT), virus diseases, DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS, 3. Good health, INFECTIONS, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Triage, [SDV.IMM.ALL] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Allergology, Allergen immunotherapy, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Information Technology, MESH: Hypersensitivity, Immunology, education, MEDLINE, DIAGNOSIS, psychological COVID, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Allergists, COVID‐19, medicine, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, ddc:610, RHINOSINUSITIS, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Clinical trial, Coronavirus, EXACERBATIONS, 030104 developmental biology, 030228 respiratory system, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Family medicine, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Position paper, MESH: Health Personnel, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business
Abstract

BackgroundThe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has evolved as a pandemic infectious disease transmitted by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐)2. Allergists and other health care providers (HCPs) in the field of allergies and associated airway diseases are in the front line, taking care of patients potentially infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. Hence, strategies and practices to minimize risks of infection for both HCPs and treated patients have to be developed and followed by allergy clinics.MethodThe scientific information on COVID‐19 was analyzed by a literature search in Medline, Pubmed, national and international guidelines from the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), the Cochrane Library and the Internet.ResultsBased on diagnostic and treatment standards developed by EAACI, on international information regarding COVID‐19, on guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) and other international organizations as well as on previous experience, a panel of experts including clinicians, psychologists, IT experts and basic scientists along with EAACI and the “Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA)” inititiative have developed recommendations for the optimal management of allergy clinics during the current COVID‐19 pandemic. These recommendations are grouped into nine sections on different relevant aspects for the care of patients with allergies.ConclusionsThis international Position Paper provides recommendations on operational plans and procedures to maintain high standards in the daily clinical care of allergic patients whilst ensuring necessary safety in the current COVID‐19 pandemic.

Published
2021

34. EAACI Biologicals Guidelines-Omalizumab for the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria in adults and in the paediatric population 12-17 years old

Author

Jürgen Schwarze, Kilian Eyerich, Amena Warner, Peck Y. Ong, Marek Jutel, Tomas Chivato, Jan Gutermuth, Graham S. Ogg, Mübeccel Akdis, Emma Guttman-Yassky, Oscar Palomares, Ana Giménez-Arnau, Stefano Del Giacco, Cezmi A. Akdis, Thomas Werfel, Knut Brockow, Ioana Agache, Marcus Maurer, Thomas Eiwegger, Liam O'Mahony, Artificial Intelligence supported Modelling in clinical Sciences, Gerontology, Skin function and permeability, Dermatology, University of Zurich, and Agache, Ioana

Subjects
Adult, chronic spontaneous urticaria, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Urticaria, Immunology, 610 Medicine & health, Disease, Omalizumab, Dermatology, Guidelines, Responder rate, 10183 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, Anti-Allergic Agents, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Humans, Chronic Urticaria, Intensive care medicine, Child, Selection (genetic algorithm), 2403 Immunology, Biological Products, business.industry, Regimen, Treatment Outcome, GRADE, Chronic Disease, 2723 Immunology and Allergy, omalizumab, business, Paediatric population, medicine.drug, Healthcare system
Abstract

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) imposes a significant burden on patients, families and healthcare systems. Management is difficult, due to disease heterogeneity and insufficient efficacy of classical drugs such as H1 R-antihistamines. Better understanding of the mechanisms has enabled a stratified approach to the management of CSU, supporting the use of targeted treatment with omalizumab. However, many practical issues including selection of responders, the definition of response, strategies to enhance the responder rate, the duration of treatment and its regimen (in the clinic or home-based) and its cost-effectiveness still require further clarification. The EAACI Guidelines on the use of omalizumab in CSU follow the GRADE approach in formulating recommendations for each outcome. In addition, future therapeutic approaches and perspectives as well as research priorities are discussed.

Published
2022

35. Consistent trajectories of rhinitis control and treatment in 16,177 weeks: The MASK-air® longitudinal study

Author

Bernardo Sousa‐Pinto, Holger J. Schünemann, Ana Sá‐Sousa, Rafael José Vieira, Rita Amaral, Josep M. Anto, Ludger Klimek, Wienczyslawa Czarlewski, Joaquim Mullol, Oliver Pfaar, Anna Bedbrook, Luisa Brussino, Violeta Kvedariene, Désirée E. Larenas‐Linnemann, Yoshitaka Okamoto, Maria Teresa Ventura, Ioana Agache, Ignacio J. Ansotegui, Karl C. Bergmann, Sinthia Bosnic‐Anticevich, G. Walter Canonica, Victoria Cardona, Pedro Carreiro‐Martins, Thomas Casale, Lorenzo Cecchi, Tomas Chivato, Derek K. Chu, Cemal Cingi, Elísio M. Costa, Alvaro A. Cruz, Stefano Del Giacco, Philippe Devillier, Patrik Eklund, Wytske J. Fokkens, Bilun Gemicioglu, Tari Haahtela, Juan Carlos Ivancevich, Zhanat Ispayeva, Marek Jutel, Piotr Kuna, Igor Kaidashev, Musa Khaitov, Helga Kraxner, Daniel Laune, Brian Lipworth, Renaud Louis, Michael Makris, Riccardo Monti, Mario Morais‐Almeida, Ralph Mösges, Marek Niedoszytko, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Vincenzo Patella, Nhân Pham‐Thi, Frederico S. Regateiro, Sietze Reitsma, Philip W. Rouadi, Boleslaw Samolinski, Aziz Sheikh, Milan Sova, Ana Todo‐Bom, Luis Taborda‐Barata, Sanna Toppila‐Salmi, Joaquin Sastre, Ioanna Tsiligianni, Arunas Valiulis, Olivier Vandenplas, Dana Wallace, Susan Waserman, Arzu Yorgancioglu, Mihaela Zidarn, Torsten Zuberbier, Joao A. Fonseca, Jean Bousquet, UCL - SSS/IREC/PNEU - Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie, UCL - (MGD) Service de pneumologie, Ear, Nose and Throat, AII - Inflammatory diseases, HUS Inflammation Center, Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, Helsinki University Hospital Area, and Department of Pathology

Subjects
Patient-reported outcomes, real-world data, Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Immunology, Oto-rino-laryngologi, Rhinitis* / epidemiology, Real-world data, rhinitis, Otorhinolaryngology, patient-reported outcomes, Surveys and Questionnaires, HDE ALER, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Longitudinal Studies, Mobile health, mobile health, Telemedicine, Lungmedicin och allergi, Rhinitis
Abstract

Data de publicació electrònica: 03-11-2022 Introduction: Data from mHealth apps can provide valuable information on rhinitis control and treatment patterns. However, in MASK-air®, these data have only been analyzed cross-sectionally, without considering the changes of symptoms over time. We analyzed data from MASK-air® longitudinally, clustering weeks according to reported rhinitis symptoms. Methods: We analyzed MASK-air® data, assessing the weeks for which patients had answered a rhinitis daily questionnaire on all 7 days. We firstly used k-means clustering algorithms for longitudinal data to define clusters of weeks according to the trajectories of reported daily rhinitis symptoms. Clustering was applied separately for weeks when medication was reported or not. We compared obtained clusters on symptoms and rhinitis medication patterns. We then used the latent class mixture model to assess the robustness of results. Results: We analyzed 113,239 days (16,177 complete weeks) from 2590 patients (mean age ± SD = 39.1 ± 13.7 years). The first clustering algorithm identified ten clusters among weeks with medication use: seven with low variability in rhinitis control during the week and three with highly-variable control. Clusters with poorly-controlled rhinitis displayed a higher frequency of rhinitis co-medication, a more frequent change of medication schemes and more pronounced seasonal patterns. Six clusters were identified in weeks when no rhinitis medication was used, displaying similar control patterns. The second clustering method provided similar results. Moreover, patients displayed consistent levels of rhinitis control, reporting several weeks with similar levels of control. Conclusions: We identified 16 patterns of weekly rhinitis control. Co-medication and medication change schemes were common in uncontrolled weeks, reinforcing the hypothesis that patients treat themselves according to their symptoms.

Published
2022

36. Behavioural patterns in allergic rhinitis medication in Europe: A study using MASK-air ® real-world data

Author

Bernardo Sousa‐Pinto, Ana Sá‐Sousa, Rafael José Vieira, Rita Amaral, Ludger Klimek, Wienczyslawa Czarlewski, Josep M. Antó, Oliver Pfaar, Anna Bedbrook, Violeta Kvedariene, Maria Teresa Ventura, Ignacio J. Ansotegui, Karl‐Christian Bergmann, Luisa Brussino, G. Walter Canonica, Victoria Cardona, Pedro Carreiro‐Martins, Tomas Casale, Lorenzo Cecchi, Tomás Chivato, Derek K. Chu, Cemal Cingi, Elísio M. Costa, Alvaro A. Cruz, Giulia De Feo, Philippe Devillier, Wytske J. Fokkens, Mina Gaga, Bilun Gemicioğlu, Tari Haahtela, Juan Carlos Ivancevich, Zhanat Ispayeva, Marek Jutel, Piotr Kuna, Igor Kaidashev, Helga Kraxner, Désirée E. Larenas‐Linnemann, Daniel Laune, Brian Lipworth, Renaud Louis, Michael Makris, Riccardo Monti, Mario Morais‐Almeida, Ralph Mösges, Joaquim Mullol, Mikaëla Odemyr, Yoshitaka Okamoto, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Vincenzo Patella, Nhân Pham‐Thi, Frederico S. Regateiro, Sietze Reitsma, Philip W. Rouadi, Boleslaw Samolinski, Milan Sova, Ana Todo‐Bom, Luis Taborda‐Barata, Peter Valentin Tomazic, Sanna Toppila‐Salmi, Joaquin Sastre, Ioanna Tsiligianni, Arunas Valiulis, Olivier Vandenplas, Dana Wallace, Susan Waserman, Arzu Yorgancioglu, Mihaela Zidarn, Torsten Zuberbier, João A. Fonseca, Jean Bousquet, UAM. Departamento de Medicina, Ear, Nose and Throat, AII - Inflammatory diseases, UCL - SSS/IREC/PNEU - Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie, UCL - (MGD) Service de pneumologie, Publica, HUS Inflammation Center, Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, University of Helsinki, and Department of Pathology

Subjects
Medicina, Immunology, Histamine Antagonists / therapeutic use, MASK-air, Co-medication, Allergic rhinitis, Visual analogue scales, Habits, allergic rhinitis, visual analogue scale, Visual analogue scale, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, HDE ALER, Immunology and Allergy, Europe / epidemiology, Rhinitis, Allergic* / epidemiology, Rhinitis* / drug therapy
Abstract

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAM, Background: Co-medication is common among patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), but its dimension and patterns are unknown. This is particularly relevant since AR is understood differently across European countries, as reflected by rhinitis-related search patterns in Google Trends. This study aims to assess AR co-medication and its regional patterns in Europe, using real-world data. Methods: We analysed 2015–2020 MASK-air® European data. We compared days under no medication, monotherapy and co-medication using the visual analogue scale (VAS) levels for overall allergic symptoms (‘VAS Global Symptoms’) and impact of AR on work. We assessed the monthly use of different medication schemes, performing separate analyses by region (defined geographically or by Google Trends patterns). We estimated the average number of different drugs reported per patient within 1 year. Results: We analysed 222,024 days (13,122 users), including 63,887 days (28.8%) under monotherapy and 38,315 (17.3%) under co-medication. The median ‘VAS Global Symptoms’ was 7 for no medication days, 14 for monotherapy and 21 for co-medication (p, This study was funded by ARIA. MASK-air® has been supported by EU grants (EU Structural and Development grant, POLLAR: EIT Health and Structural and Development Funds) and educational grants from Mylan-Viatris, ALK, GSK, Novartis and Uriach. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL

Published
2022

37. Obesity and disease severity magnify disturbed microbiome-immune interactions in asthma patients

Author

Benoit Pugin, Weronika Barcik, Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier, David L. Mayhew, Liam O'Mahony, Marek Jutel, Noelia Rodriguez-Perez, Stephanie Van Horn, Pawel Gajdanowicz, Remo Frei, Katrine Graversen, Noriane A. Sievi, Milena Sokolowska, Sylwia Smolinska, Edith M. Hessel, Ken A. Saunders, Can Altunbulakli, Magdalena Kurnik-Lucka, Michal Pirozynski, David Michalovich, Sorif Uddin, Cezmi A. Akdis, Andrzej Eljaszewicz, Katrine Lindholm Bøgh, Karen D. Simpson, James R. Brown, Malcolm Kohler, Ruth Ferstl, University of Zurich, and O’Mahony, Liam

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Respiratory System, Translational immunology, General Physics and Astronomy, Disease, Severity of Illness Index, Feces, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, 10183 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, Forced Expiratory Volume, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, biology, Middle Aged, respiratory system, 3100 General Physics and Astronomy, Healthy Volunteers, 3. Good health, Female, 10178 Clinic for Pneumology, Akkermansia muciniphila, Adult, Science, Immunology, 610 Medicine & health, 1600 General Chemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Microbiology, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Proinflammatory cytokine, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Verrucomicrobia, 1300 General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Severity of illness, medicine, Animals, Humans, Obesity, Microbiome, Asthma, Inflammation, Host Microbial Interactions, business.industry, Akkermansia, General Chemistry, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, respiratory tract diseases, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, 030228 respiratory system, General Biochemistry, lcsh:Q, business, Biomarkers
Abstract

In order to improve targeted therapeutic approaches for asthma patients, insights into the molecular mechanisms that differentially contribute to disease phenotypes, such as obese asthmatics or severe asthmatics, are required. Here we report immunological and microbiome alterations in obese asthmatics (n = 50, mean age = 45), non-obese asthmatics (n = 53, mean age = 40), obese non-asthmatics (n = 51, mean age = 44) and their healthy counterparts (n = 48, mean age = 39). Obesity is associated with elevated proinflammatory signatures, which are enhanced in the presence of asthma. Similarly, obesity or asthma induced changes in the composition of the microbiota, while an additive effect is observed in obese asthma patients. Asthma disease severity is negatively correlated with fecal Akkermansia muciniphila levels. Administration of A. muciniphila to murine models significantly reduces airway hyper-reactivity and airway inflammation. Changes in immunological processes and microbiota composition are accentuated in obese asthma patients due to the additive effects of both disease states, while A. muciniphila may play a non-redundant role in patients with a severe asthma phenotype., Here, the authors characterize immunological and microbiome alterations in a cohort of obese asthmatics, finding that disease severity negatively correlates with fecal abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, and show in a mouse model that administration of A. muciniphila reduces airway hyper-reactivity and airway inflammation.

Published
2019

38. Proposal of 0.5 mg of protein/100 g of processed food as threshold for voluntary declaration of food allergen traces in processed food: A first step in an initiative to better inform patients and avoid fatal allergic reactions, A GA²LEN position paper

Author

Giovanni Battista Pajno, Stefan Wöhrl, Sasho Stoleski, Caroline Nilsson, Mary Jane Marchisotto, Ronald van Ree, Carina Venter, Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn, Montserrat Fernandez-Rivas, Akio Tanaka, Barbara Rogala, Benjamin Kendziora, Michihiro Hide, Stefano Del Giacco, Katarina Stevanovic, Dragan Mijakoski, Enrico Heffler, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Werner Aberer, Antoine Deschildre, Lisa A. Beck, Kate Grimshaw, M. Gotua, Torsten Zuberbier, Hugh A. Sampson, Marek Jutel, Mikela Odemyr, Carlo Lombardi, Erkka Valovirta, Antonella Cianferoni, Nicolette W. de Jong, Jovanka Karadzinska Bislimovska, Michael J. Cork, Christer Janson, Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Gianenrico Senna, Jean Bousquet, Michael Makris, Carsten Bindslev-Jensen, Tamara Dörr, Joan Bartra, Ana Todo-Bom, Mika J. Mäkelä, Ulf Darsow, Margitta Worm, Richard Loh, Rosan Meyer, Giampaolo Ricci, Roy Gerth van Wijk, Audrey Dunn Galvin, Joaquim Mullol, M Alvaro, Alessandro Fiocchi, Zuotao Zhao, Stefania Arasi, Marta Ferrer, Norito Katoh, Philippe Bégin, Brigita Sitkauskiene, Sushil Paudel, Knut Brockow, Johannes Ring, Edward F. Knol, Susanne Lau, Gary W.K. Wong, Jordan Minov, Cristoforo Incorvaia, Marcus Maurer, Hasan Arshad, Fatih A Topal, Bright I Nwaru, Hania Szajewska, Andrew Bush, Tamar Kinaciyan, Adnan Custovic, Elizabeth Angier, O M Kurbacheva, Diana Deleanu, Harald Renz, Peter Smith, Motohiro Ebisawa, J. Grünhagen, Swen Malte John, Carla P. Jones, Barbara Ballmer-Weber, Ear, Nose and Throat, Experimental Immunology, AII - Inflammatory diseases, APH - Global Health, and APH - Personalized Medicine

Subjects
Food industry, Eggs, Immunology, Provocation test, Declaration, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Allergen, Food allergy, Food Labeling, Environmental health, anaphylaxis, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Ingestion, Animals, Humans, SDG 2 - Zero Hunger, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Meal, food allergy, business.industry, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Allergens, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, nutrition, 030228 respiratory system, Food processing, business, 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit, Food Hypersensitivity
Abstract

Background\ud \ud Food anaphylaxis is commonly elicited by unintentional ingestion of foods containing the allergen above the tolerance threshold level of the individual. While labeling the 14 main allergens used as ingredients in food products is mandatory in the EU, there is no legal definition of declaring potential contaminants. Precautionary allergen labeling such as “may contain traces of” is often used. However, this is unsatisfactory for consumers as they get no information if the contamination is below their personal threshold. In discussions with the food industry and technologists, it was suggested to use a voluntary declaration indicating that all declared contaminants are below a threshold of 0.5 mg protein per 100 g of food. This concentration is known to be below the threshold of most patients, and it can be technically guaranteed in most food production. However, it was also important to assess that in case of accidental ingestion of contaminants below this threshold by highly allergic patients, no fatal anaphylactic reaction could occur. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to assess whether a fatal reaction to 5mg of protein or less has been reported, assuming that a maximum portion size of 1kg of a processed food exceeds any meal and thus gives a sufficient safety margin.\ud \ud \ud \ud Methods\ud \ud MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched until 24 January 2021 for provocation studies and case reports in which one of the 14 major food allergens was reported to elicit fatal or life-threatening anaphylactic reactions and assessed if these occurred below the ingestion of 5mg of protein. A Delphi process was performed to obtain an expert consensus on the results.\ud \ud \ud \ud Results\ud \ud In the 210 studies included, in our search, no reports of fatal anaphylactic reactions reported below 5 mg protein ingested were identified. However, in provocation studies and case reports, severe reactions below 5 mg were reported for the following allergens: eggs, fish, lupin, milk, nuts, peanuts, soy, and sesame seeds.\ud \ud \ud \ud Conclusion\ud \ud Based on the literature studied for this review, it can be stated that cross-contamination of the 14 major food allergens below 0.5 mg/100 g is likely not to endanger most food allergic patients when a standard portion of food is consumed. We propose to use the statement “this product contains the named allergens in the list of ingredients, it may contain traces of other contaminations (to be named, e.g. nut) at concentrations less than 0.5 mg per 100 g of this product” for a voluntary declaration on processed food packages. This level of avoidance of cross-contaminations can be achieved technically for most processed foods, and the statement would be a clear and helpful message to the consumers. However, it is clearly acknowledged that a voluntary declaration is only a first step to a legally binding solution. For this, further research on threshold levels is encouraged.

Published
2021

39. Inhaled corticosteroids in early COVID‐19—A tale of many facets

Author

Marek Jutel, Torsten Zuberbier, Jean Bousquet, Cezmi A. Akdis, Ludger Klimek, University of Zurich, and Klimek, Ludger

Subjects
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, 2403 Immunology, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), treatment, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), inhalant steroids, Immunology, COVID-19, Inhaled corticosteroids, 610 Medicine & health, Virology, SARS‐CoV‐2, Adrenal Cortex Hormones, 10183 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, Administration, Inhalation, 2723 Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, business, Letters to the Editor, Letter to the Editor, COVID 19
Published
2021

40. Allergen immunotherapy:The growing role of observational and randomized trial 'Real-World Evidence'

Author

Danilo Di Bona, Hans Jürgen Hoffmann, Ralph Mösges, Davide Firinu, Giorgio Walter Canonica, Jon Genuneit, Marek Jutel, Enrico Heffler, Ioana Agache, Giovanni Paoletti, Audrey DunnGalvin, Derek K. Chu, Oliver Pfaar, and Ludger Klimek

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Knowledge management, Quality management, Standardization, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Immunology, sublingual immunotherapy, law.invention, Body of knowledge, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, subcutaneous immunotherapy, Hypersensitivity, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Quality (business), real-world evidence, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, media_common, Data collection, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, Evidence-based medicine, 030104 developmental biology, 030228 respiratory system, Desensitization, Immunologic, randomized controlled trial, allergen immunotherapy, Observational study, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND Although there is a considerable body of knowledge about allergen immunotherapy (AIT), there is a lack of data on the reliability of real-world evidence (RWE) in AIT, and consequently, a lack of information on how AIT effectively works in real life. METHODS To address the current unmet need for an appraisal of the quality of RWE in AIT, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Methodology Committee recently initiated a systematic review of observational studies of AIT, which will use the RELEVANT tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach (GRADE) to rate the quality of the evidence base as a whole. The next step will be to develop a broadly applicable, pragmatic "real-world" database using systematic data collection. Based on the current RWE base, and perspectives and recommendations of authorities and scientific societies, a hierarchy of RWE in AIT is proposed, which places pragmatic trials and registry data at the positions of highest level of evidence. KEY RESULTS There is a need to establish more AIT registries that collect data in a cohesive way, using standardized protocols. CONCLUSIONS This will provide an essential source of real-world data that can be easily shared, promoting evidence-based research and quality improvement in study design and clinical decision-making.

Published
2021

41. Spermidine and spermine exert protective effects within the lung

Author

Remo Frei, Weronika Barcik, Anita Dreher, Krzysztof Krawczyk, Marcin Wawrzyniak, Patrick Westermann, Benoit Pugin, Ruth Ferstl, David Groeger, Marek Jutel, Paulina Wawrzyniak, Cezmi A. Akdis, Michael Scharl, Liam O’ Mahony, University of Zurich, and O'Mahony, Liam

Subjects
Lipopolysaccharides, Lipopolysaccharide, spermine, polyamines, Spermine, 610 Medicine & health, Inflammation, RM1-950, Pharmacology, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, 3000 General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, chemistry.chemical_compound, 10183 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, spermidine, medicine, Animals, Humans, mouse models, General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, Lung, Cells, Cultured, House dust mite, biology, Pyroglyphidae, Original Articles, Allergens, asthma, biology.organism_classification, respiratory tract diseases, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Spermidine, Disease Models, Animal, 10219 Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Neurology, chemistry, 2808 Neurology, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Cytokines, Female, Original Article, Cytokine secretion, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, medicine.symptom, Polyamine, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
Abstract

Asthma is a heterologous disease that is influenced by complex interactions between multiple environmental exposures, metabolism, and host immunoregulatory processes. Specific metabolites are increasingly recognized to influence respiratory inflammation. However, the role of protein‐derived metabolites in regulating inflammatory responses in the lung are poorly described. The aims of the present study were to quantify polyamine levels in bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) from healthy volunteers and asthma patients, and to evaluate the impact of each polyamine on inflammatory responses using in vitro models and in a house dust mite (HDM)‐induced respiratory allergy model. Spermidine levels were decreased, while cadaverine levels were increased in BALs from asthma patients compared to healthy controls, using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC). Both spermine and spermidine inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced cytokine secretion from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro. In addition, oral gavage with spermine or spermidine modulate HDM‐induced cell infiltration, cytokine secretion, and epithelial cell tight junction expression in murine models. Spermidine also reduces airway hyper‐responsiveness. These results suggest that modulation of polyamine metabolism, in particular spermidine, is associated with respiratory inflammation and these molecules and pathways should be further explored as biomarkers of disease and potential targets for novel therapies., Spermine and spermidine display anti‐inflammatory effects using in vitro models and protect against house dust mite (HDM) extract‐induced airway inflammation in murine models.

Published
2021

42. Efficacy and safety of treatment with biologicals for severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: A systematic review for the EAACI guidelines

Author

Yasmin Vogel, Philippe Gevaert, Carlos Canelo-Aybar, Mübeccel Akdis, Pablo Alonso-Coello, Luo Zhang, Thomas Eiwegger, Jürgen Schwarze, Oliver Pfaar, Marek Jutel, Oscar Palomares, Valerie J. Lund, Ludger Klimek, W. J. Fokkens, De Yun Wang, Claudio Rocha, Giorgio Walter Canonica, Christos Georgalas, Ioana Agache, T. Chivato, Michael B. Soyka, Cezmi A. Akdis, Susanna Palkonen, Ivan Solà, Liam O'Mahony, Robert M. Naclerio, Marilina Santero, Yang Song, Claire Hopkins, Stefano Del Giacco, Ear, Nose and Throat, and AII - Inflammatory diseases

Subjects
Adult, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Immunology, Omalizumab, Cochrane Library, 03 medical and health sciences, Nasal Polyps, 0302 clinical medicine, Reslizumab, Quality of life, Internal medicine, dupilumab, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Nasal polyps, Sinusitis, Adverse effect, Biological Products, business.industry, chronic rhinosinusitis, mepolizumab, medicine.disease, Dupilumab, reslizumab, 030104 developmental biology, 030228 respiratory system, Quality of Life, omalizumab, business, Mepolizumab, medicine.drug
Abstract

This systematic review evaluates the efficacy and safety of biologicals for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) compared to the standard of care.Pubmed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were searched for RCTs. Critical and important CRSwNP-related outcomes were considered. The risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence were assessed using GRADE. RCTs evaluated (dupilumab-2, omalizumab-4, mepolizumab-2, reslizumab-1) included 1236 adults, with follow-up 20-64 weeks. Dupilumab reduces the need for surgery (NFS) or oral corticosteroid (OCS) use (RR 0.28; 95%CI 0.20-0.39, moderate certainty) and improves with high certainty smell evaluated with UPSIT score (mean difference (MD) +10.54; 95%CI +9.24 to +11.84) and quality of life (QoL) evaluated with SNOT-22 (MD -19.14; 95%CI -22.80 to -15.47), with fewer treatment-related adverse events (TAEs) (RR 0.95; 95%CI 0.89-1.02, moderate certainty). Omalizumab reduces NFS (RR 0.85; 95%CI 0.78 to 0.92, high certainty), decreases OCS use (RR 0.38; 95%CI 0.10-1.38, moderate certainty), improves with high certainty smell (MD +3.84; 95%CI +3.64 to +4.04) and QoL (MD -15.65; 95%CI -16.16 to -15.13), with increased TAE (RR 1.73; 95%CI 0.60-5.03, moderate certainty). There is low certainty for mepolizumab reducing NFS (RR 0.78; 95%CI 0.64 to 0.94) and improving QoL (MD -13.3; 95% CI -23.93 to -2.67) and smell (MD +0.7; 95%CI -0.48 to +1.88), with increased TAEs (RR 1.64; 95%CI 0.41-6.50). The evidence for reslizumab is very uncertain.

Published
2021

43. Real‐life impact of COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown on the management of pediatric and adult asthma: A survey by the EAACI Asthma Section

Author

Matteo Bonini, Stefano Del Giacco, Ferda Öner Erkekol, Cristina Boccabella, Mariana Couto, Silvia Sanchez-Garcia, Ibon Eguiluz-Gracia, Marek Jutel, Cristiano Caruso, Ioana Agache, Maarten van den Berge, Maia Rukhadze, and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)

Subjects
Spirometry, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, lung function test, medicine.drug_class, Immunology, Provocation test, peak expiratory flow, Food Allergy and Gastrointestinal Disease, Pulmonary function testing, exacerbations, Bronchodilator, Health care, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Medical prescription, Child, Pandemics, Asthma, COVID‐19 lockdown, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, asthma, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, COVID-19 lockdown, Emergency medicine, Ambulatory, Communicable Disease Control, Original Article, ORIGINAL ARTICLES, business
Abstract

Background The restrictions imposed by the COVID‐19 pandemic impact heavily the management of chronic diseases like asthma. This study aimed to evaluate the management of adults and children with asthma during COVID‐19‐related lockdown. Methods A survey was launched by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) via e‐mail, website, and social media to EAACI members and members of peer societies. Results The survey was completed by 339 healthcare professionals from 52 countries. 79% of follow‐up consultations were replaced by phone calls, whereas 49% of newly referred patients attended the clinic. 62%, 76%, 66%, 76%, and 87% of responders did not conduct spirometry, impulse oscillometry, bronchodilator test, FeNO, or methacholine provocation, respectively, for asthma diagnosis in adults. The numbers were similar for children. 73% of responders based the initial asthma diagnosis and the prescription of inhaled therapy on clinical parameters only. Lung function tests were used in 29% of cases to monitor asthma worsening, and only 56% of participants were recommended to their patients ambulatory peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurements. Using a 1 (not at all) to 5 (very much) scale, the responders considered that the quality of healthcare provided and the patients’ asthma status had deteriorated during the lockdown with 3.2 points and 2.8 points, respectively. Conclusion Collectively, these results suggest that all necessary resources should be allocated to ensure the performance of lung function tests for initial diagnosis, whereas digital remote monitoring should be reinforced for the follow‐up of children and adults with asthma., During the first wave of COVID‐19 pandemic, 38% of new and 77% of follow‐up consultations for pediatric and adult asthma patients were performed by phone calls. In 10% of cases, both types of consultations continued as face‐to‐face visits, whereas in 6% of cases all consultations were cancelled. Forced spirometry was not conducted during the initial assessment and subsequent monitoring of 56%‐62% of pediatric and adult asthma patients. Only 56% of HCP encouraged asthma patients to perform regular ambulatory peak expiratory flow measurement. Lung function tests were conducted in only 29% of children and adults with asthma who reported a worsening of their clinical condition. Using a 1 (nothing) to 5 (very much) scale, HCP scored with 2.8 the deleterious impact of COVID‐19 lockdown on the health status of children and adults with asthma.

Published
2021

44. Personalized medicine for allergy treatment: Allergen immunotherapy still a unique and unmatched model

Author

Paolo Maria Matricardi, Ludger Klimek, Thomas B. Casale, Oliver Pfaar, Miguel Tortajada-Girbés, Ignacio J. Ansotegui, Cristoforo Incorvaia, Pascal Demoly, Marek Jutel, Petra Zieglmayer, Maximiliano Gómez, Philippe Devillier, Philippe Gevaert, Jean Bousquet, Petr Panzner, Giorgio Walter Canonica, Mona Al-Ahmad, Ralph Mösges, Stefania Arasi, Alain Didier, Piotr Kuna, Carmen Vidal, Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier, Carla Irani, Oxana Kurbacheva, Moises A. Calderon, Frédéric de Blay, Ulrich Wahn, Enrico Heffler, Alessandro Fiocchi, Adam T. Fox, Hae-Sim Park, Ruby Pawankar, Davide Caimmi, Claus Bachert, Natalija Novak, Margitta Worm, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Silvia Scurati, Andrzej Bozek, Mário Morais-Almeida, Giovanni Passalacqua, Catherine Bos, Yoshitaka Okamoto, Natalia Ilina, Efstrathios Karagiannis, Robin O'Hehir, J. Christian Virchow, Adnan Custovic, ASST Pini-CTO, Kuwait University, Al-Rashed Allergy Center [Kuwait City], Hospital Quirónsalud Bizkaia [Bilbao], Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital [Rome, Italy], Ghent University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Stallergenes Greer (France, Antony), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon (MACVIA-LR), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Silesian Medical University, Katowice, Poland, Département pneumologie et addictologie [Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, National Heart and Lung Institute [London] (NHLI), Imperial College London-Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), University of Manchester [Manchester], University Hospital of South Manchester, CHU Strasbourg, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Montpellier (UM), Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital [London], Hospital San Bernardo, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center [Rozzano, Milan, Italy], Humanitas University [Milan] (Hunimed), Federal Institute of Immunology of Russia [Moscou], Hôtel-Dieu de France (HDF), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ), Wrocław Medical University, Center for Rhinology and Allergology Wiesbaden, University Hospital Mannheim, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Łódź (MUL), Monash University [Melbourne], Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Hospital CUF Descobertas, University of Cologne, University Hospital Bonn, Chiba University Hospital, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, General Children's Hospital of Athens P & A Kyriakou, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino [Genoa], Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Nippon Medical School [Tokyo, Japan], Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg, University hospital of Zurich [Zurich], Dr Peset University Hospital, Universitat de València (UV), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela [Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle, Espagne] (CHUS), University of Rostock, Herrada, Anthony, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Wroclaw Medical University [Wrocław, Pologne], University of Genoa (UNIGE), and Philipps Universität Marburg

Subjects
Allergen immunotherapy, Endotype, MESH: Allergens, MESH: Hypersensitivity, Immunology, Disease, Bioinformatics, MESH: Precision Medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, molecular diagnosis, Hypersensitivity, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Humans, Precision Medicine, MESH: Desensitization, Immunologic, [SDV.IMM.ALL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Allergology, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Mechanism (biology), MESH: Genomics, Genomics, personalized medicine, Allergens, treatable traits, Molecular diagnostics, Omics, 3. Good health, Biomarker (cell), omics, allergen immunotherapy, 030228 respiratory system, Desensitization, Immunologic, Personalized medicine, business, [SDV.IMM.ALL] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Allergology, 030215 immunology
Abstract

International audience; The introduction of personalized medicine (PM) has been a milestone in the history of medical therapy, because it has revolutionized the previous approach of treating the disease with that of treating the patient. It is known today that diseases can occur in different genetic variants, making specific treatments of proven efficacy necessary for a given endotype. Allergic diseases are particularly suitable for PM, because they meet the therapeutic success requirements, including a known molecular mechanism of the disease, a diagnostic tool for such disease, and a treatment blocking the mechanism. The stakes of PM in allergic patients are molecular diagnostics, to detect specific IgE to single-allergen molecules and to distinguish the causative molecules from those merely cross-reactive, pursuit of patient's treatable traits addressing genetic, phenotypic, and psychosocial features, and omics, such as proteomics, epi-genomics, metabolomics, and breathomics, to forecast patient's responsiveness to therapies, to detect biomarker and mediators, and to verify the disease control. This new approach has already improved the precision of allergy diagnosis and is likely to significantly increase, through the higher performance achieved with the personalized treatment, the effectiveness of allergen immunotherapy by enhancing its already known and unique characteristics of treatment that acts on the causes.

Published
2021

45. EAACI Biologicals Guidelines-dupilumab for children and adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis

Author

Ioana Agache, Cezmi A. Akdis, Mubeccel Akdis, Knut Brockow, Tomas Chivato, Stefano Giacco, Thomas Eiwegger, Kilian Eyerich, Ana Giménez‐Arnau, Jan Gutermuth, Emma Guttman‐Yassky, Marcus Maurer, Graham Ogg, Peck Y. Ong, Liam O’Mahony, Jürgen Schwarze, Amena Warner, Thomas Werfel, Oscar Palomares, Marek Jutel, Riccardo Asero, Marta Ferrer Puga, IgnasiFigueras Nart, Massimo Gadina, Kenji Kabashima, Kazunari Sugita, Artificial Intelligence supported Modelling in clinical Sciences, Gerontology, Skin function and permeability, and Dermatology

Subjects
Adult, Moderate to severe, medicine.medical_specialty, Immunology, Eczema, Disease, Dermatology, Guideline lactulose, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Dermatitis, Atopic, Responder rate, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, dupilumab, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Child, Intensive care medicine, Biological Products, atopic dermatitis, business.industry, Guideline, Atopic dermatitis, medicine.disease, Dupilumab, Regimen, GRADE, 030228 respiratory system, business, guideline, 030215 immunology, Healthcare system
Abstract

Atopic dermatitis imposes a significant burden on patients, families and healthcare systems. Management is difficult, due to disease heterogeneity, co-morbidities, complexity in care pathways and differences between national or regional healthcare systems. Better understanding of the mechanisms has enabled a stratified approach to the management of atopic dermatitis, supporting the use of targeted treatments with biologicals. However, there are still many issues that require further clarification. These include the definition of response, strategies to enhance the responder rate, the duration of treatment and its regimen (in the clinic or home-based), its cost-effectiveness and long-term safety. The EAACI Guidelines on the use of dupilumab in atopic dermatitis follow the GRADE approach in formulating recommendations for each outcome and age group. In addition, future approaches and research priorities are discussed.

Published
2021

46. Placebo effects in allergen immunotherapy-An EAACI Task Force Position Paper

Author

Oliver Pfaar, Mohamed H. Shamji, Glenis Scadding, Ludger Klimek, Stefan Vieths, Ronald van Ree, Antonella Muraro, Jörg Kleine-Tebbe, Bettina Wedi, Karl Christian Bergmann, Anthony J. Frew, Philippe Devillier, Gunter J. Sturm, Carsten Bindslev-Jensen, Roy Gerth van Wijk, Carmen Vidal, Marek Jutel, Peter S. Creticos, Jean Bousquet, Lars Jacobsen, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Stephen R. Durham, Winfried Rief, Ioana Agache, S. Kaul, Manfred Schedlowski, Peter Hellings, APH - Personalized Medicine, AII - Inflammatory diseases, APH - Global Health, Experimental Immunology, Ear, Nose and Throat, and Internal Medicine

Subjects
Allergy, medicine.medical_specialty, Allergen immunotherapy, Blinding, business.industry, Advisory Committees, Immunology, Medizin, Disease, Placebo Effect, Placebo, medicine.disease, law.invention, Clinical trial, Treatment Outcome, Double-Blind Method, Randomized controlled trial, Desensitization, Immunologic, law, Physical therapy, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Position paper, business
Abstract

The placebo (Latin "I will please") effect commonly occurs in clinical trials. The psychological and physiological factors associated with patients' expectations about a treatment's positive and negative effects have yet to be well characterized, although a functional prefrontal cortex and intense bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the immune system appear to be prerequisites for a placebo effect. The use of placebo raises certain ethical issues, especially if patients in a placebo group are denied an effective treatment for a long period of time. The placebo effect appears to be relatively large (up to 77%, relative to pretreatment scores) in controlled clinical trials of allergen immunotherapy (AIT), such as the pivotal, double-blind, placebo-controlled (DBPC) randomized clinical trials currently required by regulatory authorities worldwide. The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) therefore initiated a Task Force, in order to better understand the placebo effect in AIT and its specific role in comorbidities, blinding issues, adherence, measurement time points, variability and the natural course of the disease. In this Position Paper, the EAACI Task Force highlights several important topics regarding the placebo effect in AIT such as a) regulatory aspects, b) neuroimmunological and psychological mechanisms, c) placebo effect sizes in AIT trials, d) methodological limitations in AIT trial design and e) potential solutions in future AIT trial design. In conclusion, this Position Paper aims to examine the methodological problem of placebo in AIT from different aspects and also to highlight unmet needs and possible solutions for future trials. ispartof: ALLERGY vol:76 issue:3 pages:629-647 ispartof: location:Denmark status: published

Published
2021

47. Potential Interplay between Nrf2, TRPA1, and TRPV1 in Nutrients for the Control of COVID-19

Author

Désirée Larenas-Linnemann, Jacques Reynes, Josep M. Antó, Juan Carlos Ivancevich, Nieves Pizarro Lozano, Vincent Le Moing, Torsten Zuberbier, Adrian R. Martineau, Susana C. Fonseca, Wienczyslawa Czarlewski, Frederico S. Regateiro, Ludger Klimek, Sanna Toppila-Salmi, Hak Jong Choi, Erik Melén, Arunas Valiulis, Piotr Kuna, Helga Kraxner, Cezmi A. Akdis, G. Walter Canonica, Yoshitaka Okamoto, Marek Jutel, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Joaquim Mullol, Bilun Gemicioglu, Philip W. Rouadi, Hubert Blain, Guido Iaccarino, Bolesław Samoliński, Alessandro Fiocchi, Rafael de la Torre, Oliver Pfaar, Jean Bousquet, Aziz Sheikh, Yves Rolland, Tari Haahtela, João Fonseca, Hyun Ju Kim, Alvaro A. Cruz, Anna Bedbrook, Jean-Paul Cristol, Ioana Agache, Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Bousquet, J., Czarlewski, W., Zuberbier, T., Mullol, J., Blain, H., Cristol, J. -P., De La Torre, R., Pizarro Lozano, N., Le Moing, V., Bedbrook, A., Agache, I., Akdis, C. A., Canonica, G. W., Cruz, A. A., Fiocchi, A., Fonseca, J. A., Fonseca, S., Gemicioglu, B., Haahtela, T., Iaccarino, G., Ivancevich, J. C., Jutel, M., Klimek, L., Kraxner, H., Kuna, P., Larenas-Linnemann, D. E., Martineau, A., Melen, E., Okamoto, Y., Papadopoulos, N. G., Pfaar, O., Regateiro, F. S., Reynes, J., Rolland, Y., Rouadi, P. W., Samolinski, B., Sheikh, A., Toppila-Salmi, S., Valiulis, A., Choi, H. -J., Kim, H. J., Anto, J. M., and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Taste, medicine.medical_treatment, Oxytocin, Severity of Illness Index, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, Antioxidants, Transient receptor potential channel, 0302 clinical medicine, COVID-19 Testing, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Immunology and Allergy, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, TRPA1 Cation Channel, Clinical Immunology − Letter to the Editor, Desensitization (medicine), [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology, food and beverages, General Medicine, 3. Good health, Up-Regulation, Cough challenge, [SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, Vomiting, medicine.symptom, 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit, psychological phenomena and processes, Diet therapy, NF-E2-Related Factor 2, Immunology, Pungent food, TRPV1, Down-Regulation, TRPV Cation Channels, Inflammation, Brassica, TRAP-1, Nrf2, 03 medical and health sciences, Severity of illness, medicine, Clinical Immunology − Review Article, Humans, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Broccoli, COVID-19, Nutrients, Pungent foods, Oxidative Stress, 030228 respiratory system, nervous system, Desensitization, Immunologic, business, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Biomarkers
Abstract

International audience; In this article, we propose that differences in COVID-19 morbidity may be associated with transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and/or transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) activation as well as desensitization. TRPA1 and TRPV1 induce inflammation and play a key role in the physiology of almost all organs. They may augment sensory or vagal nerve discharges to evoke pain and several symptoms of COVID-19, including cough, nasal obstruction, vomiting, diarrhea, and, at least partly, sudden and severe loss of smell and taste. TRPA1 can be activated by reactive oxygen species and may therefore be up-regulated in COVID-19. TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels can be activated by pungent compounds including many nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2) (Nrf2)-interacting foods leading to channel desensitization. Interactions between Nrf2-associated nutrients and TRPA1/TRPV1 may be partly responsible for the severity of some of the COVID-19 symptoms. The regulation by Nrf2 of TRPA1/TRPV1 is still unclear, but suggested from very limited clinical evidence. In COVID-19, it is proposed that rapid desensitization of TRAP1/TRPV1 by some ingredients in foods could reduce symptom severity and provide new therapeutic strategies.

Published
2021

48. Technical standards in allergen exposure chambers worldwide - an EAACI Task Force Report

Author

Patrick Lemell, Tomohisa Iinuma, Y. Okamoto, Priti R. Patel, Robert L. Jacobs, L Haya, Jimmy Yang, P.J. de Kam, Stephen R. Durham, Alkis Togias, P. Devillier, S. Kaul, Oliver Pfaar, Henrik H. Jacobi, F. De Blay, Vera Mahler, Anne K. Ellis, Marek Jutel, Christoph Willers, A. Gherasim, K. C. Bergmann, P. Zieglmayer, Ss Bonini, Cynthia G. Rather, Mark Larché, A. Sager, René Zieglmayer, Friedrich Horak, Nathalie Domis, Jens M. Hohlfeld, S Kelly, Anne-Marie Salapatek, Ronald L. Rabin, Torben Sigsgaard, T. Zuberbier, Hendrik Nolte, Ludger Klimek, Enrico Compalati, and Publica

Subjects
Allergen immunotherapy, medicine.medical_specialty, Allergy, Immunology, technical standards, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, allergen exposure chambers, Intensive care medicine, COVID-19, clinical trials, Allergie, allergen immunotherapy, Field exposure, Task force, business.industry, Technical information, Allergic asthma, Allergens, respiratory system, medicine.disease, Rhinitis, Allergic, Asthma, Clinical trial, Desensitization, Immunologic, Pollen, ALLERGEN EXPOSURE, business
Abstract

Allergen exposure chambers (AECs) can be used for controlled exposure to allergenic and non-allergenic airborne particles in an enclosed environment, in order to (i) characterize the pathological features of respiratory diseases and (ii) contribute to and accelerate the clinical development of pharmacological treatments and allergen immunotherapy for allergic disease of the respiratory tract (such as allergic rhinitis, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and allergic asthma). In the guidelines of the European Medicines Agency for the clinical development of products for allergen immunotherapy (AIT), the role of AECs in determining primary endpoints in dose-finding Phase II trials is emphasized. Although methodologically insulated from the variability of natural pollen exposure, chamber models remain confined to supporting secondary, rather than primary, endpoints in Phase III registration trials. The need for further validation in comparison with field exposure is clearly mandated. On this basis, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) initiated a Task Force in 2015 charged to gain a better understanding of how AECs can generate knowledge about respiratory allergies and can contribute to the clinical development of treatments. Researchers working with AECs worldwide were asked to provide technical information in eight sections: (i) dimensions and structure of the AEC, (ii) AEC staff, (iii) airflow, air processing, and operating conditions, (iv) particle dispersal, (v) pollen/particle counting, (vi) safety and non-contamination measures, (vii) procedures for symptom assessments, (viii) tested allergens/substances and validation procedures. On this basis, a minimal set of technical requirements for AECs applied to the field of allergology is proposed.

Published
2021

49. EAACI statement on the diagnosis, management and prevention of severe allergic reactions to COVID‐19 vaccines

Author

Thomas Eiwegger, Stefan Vieths, Kari C. Nadeau, Carmen Riggioni, Stefano Del Giacco, Mohamed H. Shamji, Milena Sokolowska, Marek Jutel, Oscar Palomares, Ioana Agache, María José Torres, Domingo Barber, Markus Ollert, Ronald L. Rabin, University of Zurich, Agache, Ioana, and Shamji, Mohamed H

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Allergy, COVID-19 Vaccines, Immunology, Eaaci Position Paper, 610 Medicine & health, Disease, virus, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 10183 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, medicine, media_common.cataloged_instance, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Dosing, European union, Intensive care medicine, Contraindication, BNT162 Vaccine, media_common, COVID, 2403 Immunology, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, SARS-CoV, medicine.disease, United Kingdom, Vaccination, 030104 developmental biology, 030228 respiratory system, 2723 Immunology and Allergy, Position paper, business, Anaphylaxis
Abstract

The first approved COVID‐19 vaccines include Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162B2, Moderna mRNA‐1273 and AstraZeneca recombinant adenoviral ChAdOx1‐S. Soon after approval, severe allergic reactions to the mRNA‐based vaccines that resolved after treatment were reported. Regulatory agencies from the European Union, Unites States and the United Kingdom agree that vaccinations are contraindicated only when there is an allergy to one of the vaccine components or if there was a severe allergic reaction to the first dose. This position paper of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) agrees with these recommendations and clarifies that there is no contraindication to administer these vaccines to allergic patients who do not have a history of an allergic reaction to any of the vaccine components. Importantly, as is the case for any medication, anaphylaxis may occur after vaccination in the absence of a history of allergic disease. Therefore, we provide a simplified algorithm of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of severe allergic reactions and a list of recommended medications and equipment for vaccine centres. We also describe potentially allergenic/immunogenic components of the approved vaccines and propose a workup to identify the responsible allergen. Close collaboration between academia, regulatory agencies and vaccine producers will facilitate approaches for patients at risks, such as incremental dosing of the second injection or desensitisation. Finally, we identify unmet research needs and propose a concerted international roadmap towards precision diagnosis and management to minimise the risk of allergic reactions to COVID‐19 vaccines and to facilitate their broader and safer use.

Published
2021

50. Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19: time for research to develop adaptation strategies

Author

Bousquet, Jean, Cristol, Jean-Paul, Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa, Anto, Josep M, Martineau, Adrian, Haahtela, Tari, Fonseca, Susana C, Iaccarino, Guido, Blain, Hubert, Fiocchi, Alessandro, Canonica, G Walter, Fonseca, Joao A, Vidal, Alain, Choi, Hak-Jong, Kim, Hyun Ju, Le Moing, Vincent, Reynes, Jacques, Sheikh, Aziz, Akdis, Cezmi A, Zuberbier, Torsten, Amir Hamzah Abdul Latiff, Baharudin, Abdullah, Werner, Aberer, Nancy, Abusada, Ian, Adcock, Alejandro, Afani, Ioana, Agache, Xenofon, Aggelidis, Jenifer, Agustin, Cezmi, A Akdis, Mübeccel, Akdis, Mona, Al-Ahmad, Abou Al-Zahab Bassam, Hussam, Alburdan, Oscar, Aldrey-Palacios, Emilio Alvarez Cuesta, Hiba Alwan Salman, Ashraf, Alzaabi, Salma, Amade, Gene, Ambrocio, Rosana, Angles, Isabella, Annesi-Maesano, Ignacio, J Ansotegui, Josep, M Anto, Paula Ara Bardajo, Stefania, Arasi, Margarete, Arrais, Hasan, Arshad, Maria-Cristina, Artesani, Estrella, Asayag, Francesca, Avolio, Khuzama, Azhari, Claus, Bachert, Diego, Bagnasco, Ilaria, Baiardini, Nissera, Bajrović, Petros, Bakakos, Sergio Bakeyala Mongono, Christine, Balotro-Torres, Sergio, Barba, Cristina, Barbara, Elsa, Barbosa, Bruno, Barreto, Joan, Bartra, Xavier, Basagana, Eric, D Bateman, Lkhagvaa, Battur, Anna, Bedbrook, Martín Bedolla Barajas, Bianca, Beghé, Antra, Bekere, Elizabeth, Bel, Ali Ben Kheder, Mikael, Benson, Elena-Camelia, Berghea, Karl-Christian, Bergmann, Roberto, Bernardini, David, Bernstein, Mike, Bewick, Slawomir, Bialek, Artur, Białoszewski, Thomas, Bieber, Nils, E Billo, Maria-Beatrice, Bilo, Carsten, Bindslev-Jensen, Leif, Bjermer, Hubert, Blain, Irina, Bobolea, Malgorzata Bochenska Marciniak, Christine, Bond, Attilio, Boner, Matteo, Bonini, Sergio, Bonini, Sinthia, Bosnic-Anticevich, Isabelle, Bosse, Sofia, Botskariova, Jacques, Bouchard, Louis-Philippe, Boulet, Rodolphe, Bourret, Philippe, Bousquet, Fulvio, Braido, Andrew, Briggs, Christopher, E Brightling, Jan, Brozek, Luisa, Brussino, Roland, Buhl, Roxana, Bumbacea, Rosalva, Buquicchio, María-Teresa Burguete Cabañas, Andrew, Bush, William, W Busse, Jeroen, Buters, Fernan, Caballero-Fonseca, Moïses, A Calderon, Mario, Calvo, Paulo, Camargos, Thierry, Camuzat, R Canevari, F, Antonio, Cano, G Walter Canonica, Arnaldo, Capriles-Hulett, Luis, Caraballo, Vicky, Cardona, Kai-Hakon, Carlsen, Jonas Carmona Pirez, Jorge, Caro, Warner, Carr, Pedro, Carreiro-Martins, Fredelita, Carreon-Asuncion, Ana-Maria, Carriazo, Carme Carrion, Y Ribas, Thomas, Casale, Mary-Ann, Castor, Elizabeth, Castro, G Caviglia, A, Lorenzo, Cecchi, Alfonso Cepeda Sarabia, Maciej, Chalubinski, Ramanathan, Chandrasekharan, Yoon-Seok, Chang, Victoria, Chato-Andeza, Lida, Chatzi, Christina, Chatzidaki, Niels, H Chavannes, Claudia Chaves Loureiro, Aurora-Alejandra Chavez Garcia, Marta, Chelninska, Yuzhi, Chen, Lei, Cheng, Sharon, Chinthrajah, Tomas, Chivato, Ekaterine, Chkhartishvili, George, Christoff, Henry, Chrystyn, Derek, K Chu, Antonio, Chua, Alexander, Chuchalin, Kian Fan Chung, Alberto, Cicerán, Cemal, Cingi, Giorgio, Ciprandi, Ieva, Cirule, Ana-Carla, Coelho, Enrico, Compalati, Jannis, Constantinidis, Jaime Correia de Sousa, Elisio Manuel Costa, David, Costa, María Del Carmen Costa Domínguez, André, Coste, Cottini, M, Linda, Cox, Carlos, Crisci, Maria Angiola Crivellaro, Alvaro, A Cruz, John, Cullen, Adnan, Custovic, Biljana, Cvetkovski, Wienczyslawa, Czarlewski, Gennaro, D'Amato, Jane da Silva, Ronald, Dahl, Sven-Erik, Dahlen, Vasilis, Daniilidis, Louei Darjazini Nahhas, Ulf, Darsow, Janet, Davies, Frédéric de Blay, Giulia De Feo, Eloisa De Guia, José-Ricardo De la Torre Navarrete, Chato De Los Santos, Esteban De Manuel Keenoy, Govert De Vries, Diana, Deleanu, Pascal, Demoly, Judah, Denburg, Philippe, Devillier, Alain, Didier, Sanja Dimic Janjic, Maria, Dimou, Anh Tuan Dinh-Xuan, Ratko, Djukanovic, Maria Do Ceu Texeira, Dejan, Dokic, Margarita Gabriela Domínguez Silva, Habib, Douagui, Nikolaos, Douladiris, Maria, Doulaptsi, Gérard, Dray, Ruta, Dubakiene, Eve, Dupas, Stephen, Durham, Marzia, Duse, Mark, Dykewicz, Didier, Ebo, Natalija, Edelbaher, Thomas, Eiwegger, Patrik, Eklund, Yehia, El-Gamal, Zeinab, A El-Sayed, Shereen, S El-Sayed, Magda, El-Seify, Regina, Emuzyte, Lourdes, Enecilla, Marina, Erhola, Heidilita, Espinoza, Jesús Guillermo Espinoza Contreras, John, Farrell, Lenora, Fernandez, Paola Fimbres Jimenez, Antje Fink Wagner, Alessandro, Fiocchi, Wytske, J Fokkens, Lenia, Folletti, Joao, A Fonseca, Jean-François, Fontaine, Francesco, Forastiere, Jose Miguel Fuentes Pèrez, Emily, Gaerlan-Resureccion, Mina, Gaga, José Luis Gálvez Romero, Amiran, Gamkrelidze, Alexis, Garcia, Cecilia Yvonne García Cobas, María de la Luz Hortensia García Cruz, Valeria Garcia Ortiz, Jacques, Gayraud, Matteo, Gelardi, Bilun, Gemicioglu, Dimitra, Gennimata, Sonya, Genova, José, Gereda, Roy Gerth van Wijk, Antonio, Giuliano, René-Maximiliano, Gomez, Miguel-Ange Gonzalez Ballester, Sandra González Diaz, Maia, Gotua, Christos, Grigoreas, Ineta, Grisle, Marta, Guidacci, Nick, Guldemond, Zdenek, Gutter, Antonieta, Guzmán, Tari, Haahtela, Ramsa, Halloum, David, Halpin, Eckard, Hamelmann, Suleiman, Hammadi, Richard, Harvey, Enrico, Heffler, Joachim, Heinrich, Adnan, Hejjaoui, Birthe, Hellquist-Dahl, Luiana Hernández Velázquez, Mark, Hew, Elham, Hossny, Peter, Howarth, Martin, Hrubiško, Yunuen Rocío Huerta Villalobos, Marc, Humbert, Salina, Husain, Michael, Hyland, Guido, Iaccarino, Moustafa, Ibrahim, Nataliya, Ilina, Maddalena, Illario, Cristoforo, Incorvaia, Antonio, Infantino, Carla, Irani, Zhanat, Ispayeva, Juan Carlos Ivancevich, Edgardo Ej Jares, Deborah, Jarvis, Ewa, Jassem, Klemen, Jenko, Rubén Darío Jiméneracruz Uscanga, Sebastian, L Johnston, Guy, Joos, Maja, Jošt, Kaja, Julge, Ki-Suck, Jung, Jocelyne, Just, Marek, Jutel, Igor, Kaidashev, Omer, Kalayci, Fuat, Kalyoncu, Jeni, Kapsali, Przemyslaw, Kardas, Jussi, Karjalainen, Carmela, A Kasala, Michael, Katotomichelakis, Loreta, Kavaliukaite, Kazi, S Bennoor, Thomas, Keil, Paul, Keith, Musa, Khaitov, Nikolai, Khaltaev, You-Young, Kim, Bruce, Kirenga, Jorg, Kleine-Tebbe, Ludger, Klimek, Fanny, W Ko, Bernard Koffi N'Goran, Evangelia, Kompoti, Peter, Kopač, Gerard, Koppelman, Anja Koren Jeverica, Seppo, Koskinen, Mitja, Košnik, Tomasz, Kostka, Kosta, V Kostov, Marek, L Kowalski, Tanya, Kralimarkova, Karmen Kramer Vrščaj, Helga, Kraxner, Samo, Kreft, Vicky, Kritikos, Dmitry, Kudlay, Mikael, Kuitunen, Inger, Kull, Piotr, Kuna, Maciej, Kupczyk, Violeta, Kvedariene, Marialena, Kyriakakou, Nika, Lalek, Massimo, Landi, Stephen, Lane, Désiree, E Larenas-Linnemann, Susanne, Lau, Daniel, Laune, Jorge, Lavrut, Lan, Le, Martina, Lenzenhuber, Gualtiero, Leo, Marcus, Lessa, Michael, Levin, Jing, Li, Philip, Lieberman, Giuseppe, Liotta, Brian, Lipworth, Xuandao, Liu, Rommel, Lobo, Karin, C Lodrup Carlsen, Carlo, Lombardi, Renaud, Louis, Stelios, Loukidis, Olga, Lourenço, Jorge, A Luna Pech, Bojan, Madjar, Enrico, Maggi, Antoine, Magnan, Bassam, Mahboub, Alpana, Mair, Anke-Hilse Maitland van der Zee, Mika, Makela, Michael, Makris, Hans-Jorgen, Malling, Mariana, Mandajieva, Patrick, Manning, Manolis, Manousakis, Pavlos, Maragoudakis, Gianluigi, Marseglia, Gailen, Marshall, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Jorge, F Máspero, Juan José Matta Campos, Marcus, Maurer, Sandra, Mavale-Manuel, Cem, Meço, Erik, Melén, Giovanni, Melioli, Elisabete, Melo-Gomes, Eli, O Meltzer, Enrica, Menditto, Andrew, Menzies-Gow, Hans, Merk, Jean-Pierre, Michel, Yann, Micheli, Neven, Miculinic, Luís, Midão, Florin, Mihaltan, Nikolaos, Mikos, Manlio, Milanese, Branislava, Milenkovic, Dimitrios, Mitsias, Bassem, Moalla, Giuliana, Moda, María Dolores Mogica Martínez, Yousser, Mohammad, Frances-Montserrat, Moharra, Mostafa, Moin, Mathieu, Molimard, Isabelle, Momas, Monique, Mommers, Alessandro, Monaco, Stephen, Montefort, Lucia-Elvira, Montenegro, Riccardo, Monti, Dory, Mora, Mario, Morais-Almeida, Ralph, Mösges, Badr Eldin Mostafa, Joaquim, Mullol, Lars, Münter, Antonella, Muraro, Ruth, Murray, Antonio, Musarra, Tihomir, Mustakov, Robert, Naclerio, Kari, C Nadeau, Rachel, Nadif, Alla, Nakonechna, Leyla, Namazova-Baranova, Gretchen, Navarro-Locsin, Hugo, Neffen, Kristof, Nekam, Angelos, Neou, Eustachio, Nettis, Daniel, Neuberger, Laurent, Nicod, Stefania, Nicola, Verena, Niederberger-Leppin, Marek, Niedoszytko, Antonio, Nieto, Ettore, Novellino, Elizabete, Nunes, Dieudonné, Nyembue, Robyn, E O'Hehir, Cvetanka, Odjakova, Ken, Ohta, Yoshitaka, Okamoto, Kimi, Okubo, Brian, Oliver, Gabrielle, L Onorato, Maria Pia Orru, Solange, Ouédraogo, Kampadilemba, Ouoba, Francisco-Javier, Padilla, Pier Luigi Paggiaro, Aris, Pagkalos, Pajno, Giovanni Battista, Gianni, Pala, P Palaniappan, S, Isabella, Pali-Schöll, Susanna, Palkonen, Stephen, Palmer, Carmen Panaitescu Bunu, Petr, Panzner, Nikos, G Papadopoulos, Vasilis, Papanikolaou, Alberto, Papi, Bojidar, Paralchev, Giannis, Paraskevopoulos, Hae-Sim, Park, Giovanni, Passalacqua, Vincenzo, Patella, Ian, Pavord, Ruby, Pawankar, Soren, Pedersen, Susete, Peleve, Simona, Pellegino, Ana, Pereira, Mariana, Pereira, Tamara, Pérez, Andrea, Perna, Diego, Peroni, Oliver, Pfaar, Nhân, Pham-Thi, Bernard, Pigearias, Isabelle, Pin, Konstantina, Piskou, Constantinos, Pitsios, Davor, Plavec, Dagmar, Poethig, Wolfgang, Pohl, Antonija Poplas Susic, Todor, A Popov, Fabienne, Portejoie, Paul, Potter, Lars, Poulsen, Alexandra, Prados-Torres, Fotis, Prarros, David, Price, Emmanuel, Prokopakis, Francesca, Puggioni, Elisa, Puig-Domenech, Robert, Puy, Klaus, Rabe, Silvia, Rabotti, Filip, Raciborski, Josephine, Ramos, Cristina, Recalcati, Marysia, T Recto, Shereen, M Reda, Frederico, S Regateiro, Norbert, Reider, Sietze, Reitsma, Susana, Repka-Ramirez, Erminia, Ridolo, Janet, Rimmer, Daniela Rivero Yeverino, José Angelo Rizzo, Carlos, Robalo-Cordeiro, Graham, Roberts, Karen, Robles, Nicolas, Roche, Mónica Rodríguez González, Eréndira Rodríguez Zagal, Giovanni, Rolla, Christine, Rolland, Regina, Roller-Wirnsberger, Miguel Roman Rodriguez, Antonino, Romano, Jan, Romantowski, Philippe, Rombaux, Joel, Romualdez, Jose, Rosado-Pinto, Nelson, Rosario, Lanny, Rosenwasser, Oliviero, Rossi, Menachem, Rottem, Philip, W Rouadi, Nikoleta, Rovina, Irma Rozman Sinur, Mauricio, Ruiz, Lucy Tania Ruiz Segura, Dermot, Ryan, Hironori, Sagara, Daiki, Sakai, Daiju, Sakurai, Wafaa, Saleh, Johanna, Salimaki, Konstantinos, Samitas, Boleslaw, Samolinski, María Guadalupe Sánchez Coronel, Mario, Sanchez-Borges, Jaime, Sanchez-Lopez, Melissa, Sansonna, Codrut, Sarafoleanu, Faradiba Sarquis Serpa, Joaquin, Sastre, Eleonora, Savi, Agne, Savonyte, Bisher, Sawaf, Glenis, K Scadding, Sophie, Scheire, Peter, Schmid-Grendelmeier, Juan Francisco Schuhl, Holger, Schunemann, Maria, Schvalbová, Jorgen, Schwarze, Nicola, Scichilone, Gianenrico, Senna, Cecilia, Sepúlveda, Elie, Serrano, Sara, Shamai, Aziz, Sheikh, Mike, Shields, Vasil, Shishkov, Nikos, Siafakas, Alexander, Simeonov, Estelle Fer Simons, Juan Carlos Sisul, Brigita, Sitkauskiene, Ingelbjorg, Skrindo, Tanja Soklič 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Valenta, Marylin Valentin Rostan, Antonio, Valero, Arunas, Valiulis, Mina, Vallianatou, Erkka, Valovirta, Michiel Van Eerd, Eric Van Ganse, Marianne van Hage, Olivier, Vandenplas, Tuula, Vasankari, Dafina, Vassileva, Cesar Velasco Munoz, Maria Teresa Ventura, Cécilia, Vera-Munoz, Frédéric, Viart, Dilyana, Vicheva, Pakit, Vichyanond, Petra, Vidgren, Giovanni, Viegi, Claus, Vogelmeier, Leena Von Hertzen, Theodoros, Vontetsianos, Dimitris, Vourdas, Vu Tran Thien Quan, Martin, Wagenmann, Samantha, Walker, Dana, Wallace, Yun De Wang, Susan, Waserman, Katrin, Wehner, Magnus, Wickman, Sian, Williams, Dennis, Williams, Nicola, Wilson, Gary, Wong, Kent, Woo, Lucyna, Wozniak, John, Wright, Piotr, Wroczynski, Paraskevi, Xepapadaki, Plamen, Yakovliev, Masao, Yamaguchi, Kwok, Yan, Yoke Yeow Yap, Mais, Yassin, Barbara, Yawn, Panayiotis, Yiallouros, Arzu, Yorgancioglu, Shigemi, Yoshihara, Ian, Young, Osman, B Yusuf, Asghar, Zaidi, Fares, Zaitoun, Petra, Zalud, Heather, Zar, T Zedda, M, Mario, E Zernotti, Luo, Zhang, Nanshan, Zhong, Mihaela, Zidarn, Torsten, Zuberbier, Celia, Zubrinich, Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Humboldt University Of Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon (MACVIA-LR), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] 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Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù [Roma], Istituto Clinico Humanitas [Milan] (IRCCS Milan), Humanitas University [Milan] (Hunimed), Center of Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (CINTESIS), AgroParisTech, World Institute of Kimchi [Gwangju], Département Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Universitaire, Montpellier, France, Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), University of Edinburgh, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Helsinki, Universidade do Porto, University of Naples Federico II, Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), MORNET, Dominique, UCL - SSS/IREC/PNEU - Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie, UCL - (MGD) Service de pneumologie, Bousquet J., Cristol J.-P., Czarlewski W., Anto J.M., Martineau A., Haahtela T., Fonseca S.C., Iaccarino G., Blain H., Fiocchi A., Canonica G.W., Fonseca J.A., Vidal A., Choi H.-J., Kim H.J., Le Moing V., Reynes J., Sheikh A., Akdis C.A., Zuberbier T., Abdul Latiff A.H., Abdullah B., Aberer W., Abusada N., Adcock I., Afani A., Agache I., Aggelidis X., Agustin J., Akdis M., Al-Ahmad M., Al-Zahab Bassam A., Alburdan H., Aldrey-Palacios O., Alvarez Cuesta E., Alwan Salman H., Alzaabi A., Amade S., Ambrocio G., Angles R., Annesi-Maesano I., Ansotegui I.J., Ara Bardajo P., Arasi S., Arrais M., Arshad H., Artesani M.-C., Asayag E., Avolio F., Azhari K., Bachert C., Bagnasco D., Baiardini I., Bajrovic N., Bakakos P., Bakeyala Mongono S., Balotro-Torres C., Barba S., Barbara C., Barbosa E., Barreto B., Bartra J., Basagana X., Bateman E.D., Battur L., Bedbrook A., Bedolla Barajas M., Beghe B., Bekere A., Bel E., Ben Kheder A., Benson M., Berghea 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A.-A., Chelninska M., Chen Y., Cheng L., Chinthrajah S., Chivato T., Chkhartishvili E., Christoff G., Chrystyn H., Chu D.K., Chua A., Chuchalin A., Chung K.F., Ciceran A., Cingi C., Ciprandi G., Cirule I., Coelho A.-C., Compalati E., Constantinidis J., Correia de Sousa J., Costa E.M., Costa D., del Carmen Costa Dominguez M., Coste A., Cottini M., Cox L., Crisci C., Crivellaro M.A., Cruz A.A., Cullen J., Custovic A., Cvetkovski B., D'Amato G., da Silva J., Dahl R., Dahlen S.-E., Daniilidis V., Darjazini Nahhas L., Darsow U., Davies J., de Blay F., De Feo G., De Guia E., De la Torre Navarrete J.-R., De los Santos C., De Manuel Keenoy E., De Vries G., Deleanu D., Demoly P., Denburg J., Devillier P., Didier A., Dimic Janjic S., Dimou M., Dinh-Xuan A.T., Djukanovic R., Do Ceu Texeira M., Dokic D., Dominguez Silva M.G., Douagui H., Douladiris N., Doulaptsi M., Dray G., Dubakiene R., Dupas E., Durham S., Duse M., Dykewicz M., Ebo D., Edelbaher N., Eiwegger T., Eklund P., El-Gamal Y., El-Sayed Z.A., El-Sayed S.S., El-Seify M., Emuzyte R., Enecilla L., Erhola M., Espinoza H., Espinoza Contreras J.G., Farrell J., Fernandez L., Fimbres Jimenez P., Fink Wagner A., Fokkens W.J., Folletti L., Fontaine J.-F., Forastiere F., Fuentes Perez J.M., Gaerlan-Resureccion E., Gaga M., Galvez Romero J.L., Gamkrelidze A., Garcia A., Garcia Cobas C.Y., de la Luz Hortensia Garcia Cruz M., Ortiz V.G., Gayraud J., Gelardi M., Gemicioglu B., Gennimata D., Genova S., Gereda J., Gerth van Wijk R., Giuliano A., Gomez R.-M., Gonzalez Ballester M.-A., Gonzalez Diaz S., Gotua M., Grigoreas C., Grisle I., Guidacci M., Guldemond N., Gutter Z., Guzman A., Halloum R., Halpin D., Hamelmann E., Hammadi S., Harvey R., Heffler E., Heinrich J., Hejjaoui A., Hellquist-Dahl B., Hernandez Velazquez L., Hew M., Hossny E., Howarth P., Hrubisko M., Huerta Villalobos Y.R., Humbert M., Husain S., Hyland M., Ibrahim M., Ilina N., Illario M., Incorvaia C., Infantino A., Irani C., Ispayeva Z., Ivancevich J.C., Jares E.E., Jarvis D., Jassem E., Jenko K., Jimeneracruz Uscanga R.D., Johnston S.L., Joos G., Jost M., Julge K., Jung K.-S., Just J., Jutel M., Kaidashev I., Kalayci O., Kalyoncu F., Kapsali J., Kardas P., Karjalainen J., Kasala C.A., Katotomichelakis M., Kavaliukaite L., Bennoor K.S., Keil T., Keith P., Khaitov M., Khaltaev N., Kim Y.-Y., Kirenga B., Kleine-Tebbe J., Klimek L., Ko F.W., Koffi N'Goran B., Kompoti E., Kopac P., Koppelman G., Koren Jeverica A., Koskinen S., Kosnik M., Kostka T., Kostov K.V., Kowalski M.L., Kralimarkova T., Kramer Vrscaj K., Kraxner H., Kreft S., Kritikos V., Kudlay D., Kuitunen M., Kull I., Kuna P., Kupczyk M., Kvedariene V., Kyriakakou M., Lalek N., Landi M., Lane S., Larenas-Linnemann D.E., Lau S., Laune D., Lavrut J., Le L., Lenzenhuber M., Leo G., Lessa M., Levin M., Li J., Lieberman P., Liotta G., Lipworth B., Liu X., Lobo R., Lodrup Carlsen K.C., Lombardi C., Louis R., Loukidis S., Lourenco O., Luna Pech J.A., Madjar B., Maggi E., Magnan A., Mahboub B., Mair A., Maitland van der Zee A.-H., Makela M., Makris M., Malling H.-J., Mandajieva M., Manning P., Manousakis M., Maragoudakis P., Marseglia G., Marshall G., Masjedi M.R., Maspero J.F., Matta Campos J.J., Maurer M., Mavale-Manuel S., Meco C., Melen E., Melioli G., Melo-Gomes E., Meltzer E.O., Menditto E., Menzies-Gow A., Merk H., Michel J.-P., Micheli Y., Miculinic N., Midao L., Mihaltan F., Mikos N., Milanese M., Milenkovic B., Mitsias D., Moalla B., Moda G., Mogica Martinez M.D., Mohammad Y., Moharra F.-M., Moin M., Molimard M., Momas I., Mommers M., Monaco A., Montefort S., Montenegro L.-E., Monti R., Mora D., Morais-Almeida M., Mosges R., Mostafa B.E., Mullol J., Munter L., Muraro A., Murray R., Musarra A., Mustakov T., Naclerio R., Nadeau K.C., Nadif R., Nakonechna A., Namazova-Baranova L., Navarro-Locsin G., Neffen H., Nekam K., Neou A., Nettis E., Neuberger D., Nicod L., Nicola S., Niederberger-Leppin V., Niedoszytko M., Nieto A., Novellino E., Nunes E., Nyembue D., O'Hehir R.E., Odjakova C., Ohta K., Okamoto Y., Okubo K., Oliver B., Onorato G.L., Orru M.P., Ouedraogo S., Ouoba K., Padilla F.-J., Paggiaro P.L., Pagkalos A., Pajno G., Pala G., Palaniappan S., Pali-Scholl I., Palkonen S., Palmer S., Panaitescu Bunu C., Panzner P., Papadopoulos N.G., Papanikolaou V., Papi A., Paralchev B., Paraskevopoulos G., Park H.-S., Passalacqua G., Patella V., Pavord I., Pawankar R., Pedersen S., Peleve S., Pellegino S., Pereira A., Pereira M., Perez T., Perna A., Peroni D., Pfaar O., Pham-Thi N., Pigearias B., Pin I., Piskou K., Pitsios C., Plavec D., Poethig D., Pohl W., Poplas Susic A., Popov T.A., Portejoie F., Potter P., Poulsen L., Prados-Torres A., Prarros F., Price D., Prokopakis E., Puggioni F., Puig-Domenech E., Puy R., Rabe K., Rabotti S., Raciborski F., Ramos J., Recalcati C., Recto M.T., Reda S.M., Regateiro F.S., Reider N., Reitsma S., Repka-Ramirez S., Ridolo E., Rimmer J., Rivero Yeverino D., Rizzo J.A., Robalo-Cordeiro C., Roberts G., Robles K., Roche N., 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Stellato C., Stelmach R., Strandberg T., Stute P., Subramaniam A., Suppli Ulrik C., Sutherland M., Sylvestre S., Syrigou A., Taborda Barata L., Takovska N., Tan R., Tan F., Tan V., Tang I.P., Taniguchi M., Tannert L., Tantilipikorn P., Tattersall J., Tesi F., Thieme U., Thijs C., Thomas M., To T., Todo-Bom A.M., Togias A., Tomazic P.-V., Tomic-Spiric V., Toppila-Salmi S., Torres Jaen M.-J., Toskala E., Triggiani M., Triller N., Triller K., Tsiligianni I., Uberti M., Ulmeanu R., Urbancic J., Urrutia Pereira M., Vachova M., Valdes F., Valenta R., Valentin Rostan M., Valero A., Valiulis A., Vallianatou M., Valovirta E., Van Eerd M., Van Ganse E., van Hage M., Vandenplas O., Vasankari T., Vassileva D., Velasco Munoz C., Ventura M.T., Vera-Munoz C., Viart F., Vicheva D., Vichyanond P., Vidgren P., Viegi G., Vogelmeier C., Von Hertzen L., Vontetsianos T., Vourdas D., Tran Thien Quan V., Wagenmann M., Walker S., Wallace D., De Wang Y., Waserman S., Wehner K., Wickman M., Williams S., Williams D., Wilson N., Wong G., Woo K., Wozniak L., Wright J., Wroczynski P., Xepapadaki P., Yakovliev P., Yamaguchi M., Yan K., Yap Y.Y., Yassin M., Yawn B., Yiallouros P., Yorgancioglu A., Yoshihara S., Young I., Yusuf O.B., Zaidi A., Zaitoun F., Zalud P., Zar H., Zedda M.T., Zernotti M.E., Zhang L., Zhong N., and Zidarn M.

Subjects
MAPK/ERK pathway, ARIA group, Allergy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], NF-KAPPA-B, debelost, Review, Pharmacology, Resveratrol, PROTECTS, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS, ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM STRESS, Medicine and Health Sciences, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, OXIDATIVE STRESS, COVID-19, Foods, Insulin resistance, Nrf2, Nutrients, Obesity, TRPA1, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, RESPIRATORY, INSULIN-RESISTANCE, Muscle cell proliferation, SULFORAPHANE, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, SIGNALING PATHWAY, Signal transduction, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, NRF2 ACTIVATORS, MUSCLE-CELL PROLIFERATION, Immunology, 610 Medicine & health, Lung injury, Settore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato Respiratorio, ACUTE LUNG INJURY, 03 medical and health sciences, COVID-19, Foods, Insulin resistance, Nrf2, Nutrients, Obesity, TRPA1, udc:616.9, odpornost proti inzulinu, SULFORAPHANE PROTECTS, Transcription factor, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, 030304 developmental biology, Science & Technology, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, food, medicine.disease, chemistry, hranila, SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS, business, hrana, GREEN TEA
Abstract

There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPARγ:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NFκB: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2α:Elongation initiation factor 2α). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT1R axis (AT1R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity.

Published
2020

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