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We investigate numerically different techniques to extract scattering amplitudes from the Euclidean Lattice {\phi}4 theory with two fields, having different masses. We present an exploratory study of the recently proposed method by Bruno and Hansen for extracting the scattering length from a four-point function (cf 10.1007/JHEP06(2021)043), and a study of the two- and three-particle quantization condition., Comment: Contribution to the 38th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (LATTICE21), 26-30 July 2021, Zoom/Gather@Massachusetts Institute of Technology. This contribution overlap with arXiv:2107.04853

BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess the detection rate of overall PCa and csPCa, and the clinical impact of MRI/TRUS fusion targeted biopsy (FUSION-TB) compared to TRUS guided systematic biopsy (SB) in patients with different biopsy settings. METHODS: Three hundred and five patients were submitted to FUSION-TB, divided into three groups: biopsy naïve patients, previous negative biopsies and patients under active surveillance (AS). All patients had a single suspicious index lesion at mpMRI. Within these groups, we enrolled men underwent both to FUSION-TB and SB in the same session. Overall detection rate of PCa and csPCa for the two biopsy methods were compared separately between the three groups of patients. RESULTS: No differences were observed between the three groups concerning clinical and radiological characteristics. We found no differences in terms of overall PCa detection (66% vs. 63.8%, P=0.617) and csPCa detection (56.4% vs. 51.1%; P=0.225) concerning biopsy naïve patients. In patients previously submitted to a negative biopsy, FUSION-TB showed higher detection rate of csPCa compared to SB alone (41,3% vs. 27% respectively, P=0.038). In patients under AS, no differences were observed between FUSION-TB and SB in terms of overall PCa (50% vs. 73.1%) and csPCa (30.8% vs. 26.9%, respectively; P=0.705) detection. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that in men with previously negative biopsy, FUSION-TB showed significantly higher diagnostic performance for clinically significant PCa as compared to SB. Combination of FUSION-TB and SB should be recommended in AS population to offer higher chance of csPCa diagnosis.

We present a non-perturbative calculation of the form factors which contribute to the amplitudes for the radiative decays $P\to \ell \bar \nu_\ell \gamma$, where $P$ is a pseudoscalar meson and $\ell$ is a charged lepton. Together with the non-perturbative determination of the virtual photon corrections to the processes $P\to \ell \bar \nu_\ell$, this will allow accurate predictions to be made at $O(\alpha_{em})$ for leptonic decay rates for pseudoscalar mesons ranging from the pion to the $B$ meson. We are able to separate unambiguously the point-like contribution, the square of which leads to the infrared divergence in the decay rate, from the structure dependent, infrared-safe, terms in the amplitude. The fully non-perturbative, $O(a)$ improved calculation of the inclusive leptonic decay rates will lead to significantly improved precision in the determination of the corresponding Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix elements. Precise predictions for the emission of a hard photon are also very interesting, especially for the decays of heavy $D$ and $B$ mesons for which currently only model-dependent predictions are available to compare with existing experimental data.

We agree that the ideal strategy in patients withan SMT would be to follow them with periodic USand perform surgery only in those who show sig-nificant growth during followup. This is our actualpolicy in masses less than 5 mm in diameter. Inthis group few patients required surgical explora-tion during followup. It is likely that in cases ofsuch small lesions strict surveillance may notchange the progression of germinal tumors, as re-ported by Bieniek et al, who noted a mean lesiondiameter of 4.142.0 mm (reference 1 in EditorialComment).However, sparse data are available in the litera-ture on the natural history of larger masses whenleft untreated. Our study shows that even largerlesions up to 20 mm in diameter may be benign, indicating that strict surveillance might be justifiedeven for masses larger than 5 mm. Our experiencealso demonstrates that with increasing lesion sizethe risk of cancer significantly increases 7 times permm. This information could be used to bettercounsel patients about the risk of harboring TC andeventually better support a followup strategy inpatients with an STM.We believe that 2 research lines which might helpus in the near future are 1) study of the individuallesion growth rate, which could differentiate benignfrom malignant lesions, and 2) new imaging diag-nostic tests such as contrast enhanced US1ortesticular magnetic resonance imaging, whichmight improve the diagnostic performance of scrotalUS.

In this contribution we lay down a lattice setup that allows for the non-perturbative study of a field theoretical model where a SU(2) fermion doublet, subjected to non-Abelian gauge interactions, is also coupled to a complex scalar field doublet via a Yukawa and an "irrelevant" Wilson-like term. Using naive fermions in quenched approximation and based on the renormalized Ward identities induced by purely fermionic chiral transformations, lattice observables are discussed that enable: a) in the Wigner phase, the determinations of the critical Yukawa coupling value where the purely fermionic chiral transformation become a symmetry up to lattice artifacts; b) in the Nambu-Goldstone phase of the resulting critical theory, a stringent test of the actual generation of a fermion mass term of non-perturbative origin. A soft twisted fermion mass term is introduced to circumvent the problem of exceptional configurations, and observables are then calculated in the limit of vanishing twisted mass., Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures; Proceedings of the 35th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, 18-24 June 2017, Granada, Spain. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1611.03997

Based on a recent proposal according to which elementary particle masses could be generated by a non-perturbative dynamical phenomenon, alternative to the Higgs mechanism, we carry out lattice simulations of a model where a non-abelian strongly interacting fermion doublet is also coupled to a doublet of complex scalar fields via a Yukawa and an "irrelevant" Wilson-like term. In this pioneering study we use naive fermions and work in the quenched approximation. We present preliminary numerical results both in the Wigner and in the Nambu-Goldstone phase, focusing on the observables relevant to check the occurrence of the conjectured dynamical fermion mass generation effect in the continuum limit of the critical theory in its spontaneously broken phase., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures; Proceedings of the 35th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, 18-24 June 2017, Granada, Spain

The case report present the case of a young men with bladder cancer that previously underwent radical cistectomy with orthotopic neobladder (ON), converted to ileal conduct due to early surgical complications, who demanded a further ON conversion because of a perceived strong altered self-body image to affect QoL hugely.

Aim of the Study: Radical Orchiectomy (RO) represents the standard treatment for patients (pts) with suspicious testicular masses and normal contralateral testis. Because a considerable amount of small testicular masses (STM) are benign lesions, this practice exposes to a substantial risk of overtreatment with possible medical-legal consequences. The aim of this study is to report results of testis sparing surgery (TSS) in the treatment of STM (

ntroduction & Objectives: Radical Orchiectomy (RO) represents the standard treatment for patients (pts) with suspicious testicular masses and normal contralateral testis. Because a considerable amount of small testicular masses (STM) are benign lesions, this practice expose to a high risk of overtreatment. The aim of this study is to report results of testis sparing surgery (TSS) in the treatment of STM(< 2cm) and to identify an updated treatment strategy. Materials & Methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinical history of pts treated with TSS for STM

Numerical stochastic perturbation theory is a powerful tool for estimating high-order perturbative expansions in lattice field theory. The standard algorithms based on the Langevin equation, however, suffer from several limitations which in practice restrict the potential of this technique. In this work we investigate some alternative methods which could in principle improve on the standard approach. In particular, we present a study of the recently proposed instantaneous stochastic perturbation theory, as well as a formulation of numerical stochastic perturbation theory based on generalized hybrid molecular dynamics algorithms. The viability of these methods is investigated in ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{4}$ theory.

The objective of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of tubeless percutaneous nephrolithot- omy (t-PCNL) in comparison with standard PCNL (s-PCNL). We retrospectively evaluated 317 consecutive PCNL and compared perioperative results, time of hospi- talization and analgesic requirement of t-PCNL (114; 36.0 %) to s-PCNL (203; 64.0 %). The decision to perform a tubeless PCNL was made at the end of the procedures depending on the surgeon’s preference and according to the following inclusion criteria: (a) no serious bleeding or perforation in the collecting system during the procedure; (b) patients with no more than one access; and (c) residual stone burden needing a second-stage nephroscopy. Stag- horn stones and anatomic anomalies were not considered as exclusion criteria for t-PCNL. Univariate analyses were conducted with one-way ANOVA, Fisher’s exact test, Pearson’s Chi-square and linear-by-linear association test as appropriate. Stepwise multivariable regression analyses were used to assess the independent correlation between demographics and clinical variables and the clinical out- comes. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of stone-free rate, hemoglobin decrease, blood transfusion and complication rate. Mean hospital stay was significantly shorter in the t-PCNL group (3.3 vs. 4.6 days; P \ 0.001). Tubeless PCNL was asso- ciated with less analgesia requirement (68.4 vs. 86.7 %; P \ 0.001) and with lower analgesic dose requirement (1.6 vs. 2.1 mean doses; P = 0.010). Multivariable analyses showed that t-PCNL ( P \ 0.001), postoperative fever ( P \ 0.001), transfusions ( P \ 0.001), operative time ( P = 0.002), postoperative hydronephrosis ( P = 0.005) and residual fragment dimension ( P = 0.024) were inde- pendently correlated with duration of hospitalization, while analgesic dose requirement was independently influenced by hemoglobin decrease ( P \ 0.001), t-PCNL ( P = 0.005) and stone number ( P = 0.044). Our study confirmed that t-PCNL has similar outcomes to s-PCNL in terms of stone- free rate without increasing complications in selected cases. t-PCNL is a factor independently associated with shorter hospitalization and lower analgesic requirement.

OBJECTIVE: • To assess the impact of pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) and of the number of lymph nodes (LNs) retrieved during radical prostatectomy (RP) on biochemical relapse (BCR) in pNX/0/1 patients with prostate cancer according to the clinical risk of lymph node invasion (LNI). PATIENTS AND METHODS: • We evaluated 872 pT2-4 NX/0/1 consecutive patients submitted to RP between October 1995 and June 2009, with the following inclusion criteria: (i) a follow-up period ≥12 months; (ii) the avoidance of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy or adjuvant hormonal and/or adjuvant radiotherapy; (iii) the availability of complete follow-up data; (iv) no pathological T0 disease; (v) complete data regarding the clinical stage and Gleason score (Gs), the preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and the pathological stage. • The patients were stratified as having low risk (cT1a-T2a and cGs ≤6 and PSA level < 10 ng/mL), intermediate risk (cT2b-T2c or cGs = 7 or PSA level = 10-19.9) or high risk of LNI (cT3 or cGs = 8-10 or PSA level ≥ 20). • The 872 patients were divided into two LN groups according to the number of LNs retrieved: group 1 had no LN or one to nine LNs removed; group 2 had 10 or more LNs. • The variables analysed were LN group, age, PSA level, clinical and pathological stage and Gs, surgical margin status, LN status and number of LN metastases; the primary endpoint was the BCR-free survival. RESULTS: • The mean follow-up was 55.8 months. • Of all the patients, 305 (35%) were pNx and 567 (65.0%) were pN0/1. • Of the 567 patients submitted to PLND, the mean number of LNs obtained was 10.9, and 49 (8.6%) were pN1. • In the 402 patients at low risk of LNI, LN group was not a significant predictor of BCR at univariate analysis, while in the 470 patients at intermediate and high risk of LNI, patients with ≥ 10 LNs removed had a significantly lower BCR-free survival at univariate and multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: • In our study population, a more extensive PLND positively affects the BCR-free survival regardless of the nodal status in intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer.