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The reintroduction of captive animals to the wild helps restore endangered species, but it risks pathogen transmission, harming wild populations. Such transmission can impact the genetic diversity and long-term viability of these populations. This study assessed parasite diversity and load in captive Pecari tajacu, a species native to the Americas and culturally significant to Brazilian indigenous culture, prior to reintroduction. Samples from 24 peccaries were analyzed for ectoparasites, hemopathogens, and stool parasites with direct and molecular analysis. Findings showed that various parasites were present. Two peccaries (8.3%) were infested by the adult tick Amblyomma sculptum. Six (25.0%) tested positive for Trypanosoma evansi, four (16.7%) for hemobacteria of the family Anaplasmataceae, twelve (50.0%) for hemotropic Mycoplasma, and seven (29.2%) for Leishmania braziliensis. Stool samples indicated multiple parasites, with sixteen (66.7%) peccaries infected by Strongylida order parasites, Spiruridae in three (12.5%), and Ascaris suum in one (4.2%) animal. Cysts of Balantidium sp. were found in twenty (83.3%), Entamoeba polecki in five (20.8%), and Iodamoeba bütschlii in two (8.3%) peccaries. To our current knowledge, this is the first global report of Leishmania braziliensis, Iodamoeba bütschlii, and Entamoeba polecki in P. tajacu, irrespective of the environment, including both captivity and wild conditions. Some of these parasites are common in domestic animals, and others are zoonotic, indicating potential interspecies pathogen transmission.

The reintroduction of captive animals to the wild helps restore endangered species, but it risks pathogen transmission, harming wild populations. Such transmission can impact the genetic diversity and long-term viability of these populations. This study assessed parasite diversity and load in captive Pecari tajacu, a species native to the Americas and culturally significant to Brazilian indigenous culture, prior to reintroduction. Samples from 24 peccaries were analyzed for ectoparasites, hemopathogens, and stool parasites with direct and molecular analysis. Findings showed that various parasites were present. Two peccaries (8.3%) were infested by the adult tick Amblyomma sculptum. Six (25.0%) tested positive for Trypanosoma evansi, four (16.7%) for hemobacteria of the family Anaplasmataceae, twelve (50.0%) for hemotropic Mycoplasma, and seven (29.2%) for Leishmania braziliensis. Stool samples indicated multiple parasites, with sixteen (66.7%) peccaries infected by Strongylida order parasites, Spiruridae in three (12.5%), and Ascaris suum in one (4.2%) animal. Cysts of Balantidium sp. were found in twenty (83.3%), Entamoeba polecki in five (20.8%), and Iodamoeba bütschlii in two (8.3%) peccaries. To our current knowledge, this is the first global report of Leishmania braziliensis, Iodamoeba bütschlii, and Entamoeba polecki in P. tajacu, irrespective of the environment, including both captivity and wild conditions. Some of these parasites are common in domestic animals, and others are zoonotic, indicating potential interspecies pathogen transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract \nPoints of interest Disclosing an invisible disability such as mental illness or rheumatic disease can be a significant challenge for disabled people, personally and professionally. Whereas some individuals choose to be more or less open about their disabilities with friends and colleagues, others decide to keep their conditions to themselves due to their fear of stigma and exclusion. In recent years, disability disclosure at universities has received more attention in higher education research and disability studies. Whereas current research focuses on students with invisible disabilities, the disclosure experiences of disabled academics have hardly been explored. Therefore, this study offers problem-centred interviews with academics with invisible disabilities at German universities. The study results provide insight into how these scholars decide whether and when to disclose their disabilities and how these processes have affected their academic careers. Higher education research and disability studies pay little attention to disability disclosure in academia. Therefore, this study provides interviews with academics with invisible disabilities at German universities. The research reported here shows that many disabled academics avoid disclosing the fluctuating nature of their conditions because they do not want to appear weak or limited in performance. In addition, scholars with mental illness are afraid to talk openly about their disabilities as they fear being seen as dangerous or crazy. Some academics in this study are forced by their supervisors to disclose their disabilities. The research also found situations where superiors and colleagues share disability information without the individual’s consent. Higher education research and disability studies pay little attention to disability disclosure in academia. Therefore, this study provides interviews with academics with invisible disabilities at German universities.The research reported here shows that many disabled academics avoid disclosing the fluctuating nature of their conditions because they do not want to appear weak or limited in performance.In addition, scholars with mental illness are afraid to talk openly about their disabilities as they fear being seen as dangerous or crazy.Some academics in this study are forced by their supervisors to disclose their disabilities. The research also found situations where superiors and colleagues share disability information without the individual’s consent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to highlight the possibility of dysphagia induced by anterior cervical osteophytes. When not diagnosed early this condition may be responsible for complications such as severe dysphagia and potential lung aspiration, especially in elderly patients. Analysis of a case report of a 72-year old woman who presented cervical pain and progressive dysphagia. Imaging studies have shown anterior cervical osteophytosis and multilevel degenerative changes in the cervical spine. The patient underwent surgical excision of the cervical anterior osteophytes (C4, C5 and C6) and C5/C6 arthrodesis through anterior approach. The postoperative period was uneventful and symptoms resolved within 2 weeks. Early diagnosis and treatment led to complete resolution, avoiding late and serious complications associated with this pathology in the geriatric population, especially severe and progressive dysphagia and risk of pulmonary aspiration, and the consequent morbidity and mortality associated. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for the correct assessment of this condition

Several occupational and leisure activities involve a high risk of head impacts, resulting in varying degrees of injuries with chronic consequences that adversely affect life quality. The design and manufacturing of effective head protections rely on proper head simulators to mimic the behavior to impact loading. 3D-printed human skulls are reported herein to address the need for reproducible, cost-effective, anatomically-correct surrogates. To demonstrate the viability of the investigated approach, surrogate bone sections and skulls were mechanically tested under quasi-static loading conditions. The 3D-printed bone sections were flexural tested, elucidating the effect of printing orientations and the sample geometry on their mechanical behavior. The printing orientation minimally influenced the results due to the high infill percentage, while the sample geometry played a major role in the flexural properties because of the change in the section properties. The surrogate skulls were submitted to lateral compression and frontal penetration tests to assess the impact of the sectioning strategy on the overall mechanical performance. Results indicate that PLA-based surrogates reasonably reproduce the behavior of skulls. In addition, the sectioning strategy elucidated the effect of skull sutures, while streamlining the additive manufacturing process. The outcomes lay the foundation for future research seeking a complete surrogate head. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En este breve ensayo, trataremos de analizar el efecto Mozart en los niños y en personas adultas. Intentaremos entender por qué algunas personas afirman que cuando escuchan las composiciones de Mozart se sienten relajados y desarrollan más su inteligencia. Además analizaremos los espectros de frecuencia de diferentes tipos de música, para determinar conclusiones propias de este interesante efecto.

The possibility of coating polyaniline molecules onto functionalized TiO2 particles was explored using two-container type in situ coating technique. The TiO2 particles were functionalized by silane–aniline molecules as linker between the TiO2 and polyaniline molecules. The precursor and oxidizing agent were placed in two separate containers during polymerization to minimize aggregation of polyaniline molecules in the bulk of the solution. Peaks detected from the infrared spectra possess the vibrational peaks associated with the synthesized polyaniline molecules coating onto the silane–aniline functionalized TiO2. A possible configuration was constructed to illustrate the coexistence of different structures as a result of the synthesized polyaniline molecules onto the functionalized TiO2 surface. Morphology of the samples using SEM with EDX mapping shows the uniform distribution of Ti and Si atoms throughout the sample. By utilizing the two-container type in situ coating technique, polyaniline molecules were successfully coated onto the surface of TiO2 particles using silane–aniline as coupling agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blood parasites can infect myriad avian species and thereby affect the fitness and survival of their hosts. There is wide interspecific variation in parasite prevalence related to biological, ecological, and evolutionary host factors. This study aimed to determine the blood parasite prevalence in avian species from the Brazilian Cerrado and to investigate the associations among biomass, body condition, and blood parasitism. A total of 1,096 blood smears from 548 individuals (56 species) collected in four forest fragments were analyzed. Of these, 109 (19.89%) individuals from 33 species were infected: 13 (2.36%) were positive for Haemoproteus and 103 (18.76%) for Plasmodium. Among bird species, prevalence ranged from zero to 100%. There were significant positive correlations between prevalence and biomass and the body condition index. Hemosporid vectors track their hosts by carbon dioxide detection. Since large organisms emit more carbon dioxide, our results suggest that larger birds may be more susceptible to hemosporid vectors. Additionally, species with higher body condition indices can be more tolerant to parasites, possibly because they have more energy reserves. This study showed that species with higher biomass and body condition indices were associated with higher blood parasite prevalence, a finding that suggests these factors are efficient predictors to explain the interspecific variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the numerical analysis of the ballistic performance of Kevlar®-29 under impact of different double-nosed stepped cylindrical projectiles. Numerical modelling based on finite element method was carried out in order to predict the failure mode of the target as well as the ballistic limit. A detailed analysis of the ballistic limit, failure mode and deformation of the targets due to impact of double-nosed projectiles was developed, discussed and compared with those involved in penetration of single-nosed flat and conical projectiles. Significant influence of the projectile geometry was demonstrated: the lowest ballistic limit was obtained with the conical–conical nose shape projectiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the orientation and propagation of cracks in fretting fatigue problems is analyzed numerically using the finite element method (FEM) and the extended finite element method (X-FEM). The analysis is performed by means of a 2D model of a complete-contact fretting problem, consisting of two square indenters pressed onto a specimen subjected to cyclic fatigue. For the simulation, we allow for crack face contact in the implementation during the corresponding parts of the fatigue cycle. The problem is highly nonlinear and non-proportional and we make use of the so-called minimum shear stress range orientation criterion, min, proposed by the authors in previous works. This criterion is introduced to predict the crack path in each step of the crack growth simulation. The objective of the work is to detect which is the relevant parameter affecting the crack path orientation. A parametric study of some a priori relevant magnitudes is carried out, such as normal load on the indenters, bulk load on the specimen, stress ratio and relative stiffness of the indenter and specimen materials. Contrary to previous expectations, it is shown that the relative magnitude of the applied loads has no significant effect. However, it is found that the stiffness of the indenter material with respect to the specimen material has the greatest effect. A simple explanation of this behavior is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]