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Lebiasinidae is a small fish family composed by miniature to small-sized fishes with few cytogenetic data (most of them limited to descriptions of diploid chromosome numbers), thus preventing any evolutionary comparative studies at the chromosomal level. In the present study, we are providing, the first cytogenetic data for the red spotted tetra, Copeina guttata, including the standard karyotype, C-banding, repetitive DNA mapping by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), providing chromosomal patterns and novel insights into the karyotype differentiation of the family. Males and females share diploid chromosome number 2n = 42 and karyotype composed of 2 metacentric (m), 4 submetacentric (sm) and 36 subtelocentric to acrocentric (st-a) chromosomes. Blocks of constitutive heterochromatin were observed in the centromeric and interstitial regions of several chromosomes, in addition to a remarkably large distal block, heteromorphic in size, which fully corresponded with the 18S rDNA sites in the fourth chromosomal pair. This overlap was confirmed by 5S/18S rDNA dual-color FISH. On the other hand, 5S rDNA clusters were situated in the long and short arms of the 2nd and 15th pairs, respectively. No sex-linked karyotype differences were revealed by male/female CGH experiments. The genomic probes from other two lebiasinid species, Lebiasina melanoguttata and Pyrrhulina brevis, showed positive hybridization signals only in the NOR region in the genome of C. guttata. We demonstrated that karyotype diversification in lebiasinids was accompanied by a series of structural and numeric chromosome rearrangements of different types, including particularly fusions and fissions. © 2019 Toma et al.

A taxonomic review of Copella is presented based on the analysis of the type material of all nominal species and extensive material from South American drainages. Six out of ten nominal species are recognized as valid: Copella arnoldi, C. callolepis, C. compta, C. eigenmanni, C. nattereri, and C. vilmae. Copella carsevennensis is a junior synonym of C. arnoldi, C. nigrofasciata and 'Nannostomus' stigmasemion are junior synonyms of C. callolepis, C. metae is junior synonym of C. eigenmanni, and C. meinkeni is junior synonym of C. nattereri. Species of Copella occur in the rio Amazonas and Orinoco basins, and coastal drainages of Guyana, French Guiana, Surinam, and Venezuela. An identification key is provided.

A new species of Moenkhausia is described from the rio Arinos drainage, rio Tapajós basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The new species is diagnosed from all congeners, except M . hemigrammoides , M . nigromarginata , and Moenkhausia rubra by having intense diffuse dark pigmentation on the dorsal and anal fin-rays. The new species can be distinguished from the above mentioned species by the combination of 20-23 branched anal-fin rays, presence of a vertically elongate roughly rectangular humeral spot surpassing the lateral line ventrally, absence of a well-defined black spot on the distal portion of the dorsal fin and lack of a series of longitudinal dark zigzag stripes on body. The new species is herein described along with a report and discussion of a possible connection between the rio Tapajós and rio Paraguay basins, near Diamantino Municipality, Mato Grosso. RESUMO Uma espécie nova de Moenkhausia é descrita das drenagens do rio Arinos, bacia do rio Tapajós, Mato Grosso, Brasil. A nova espécie é diagnosticada de todas as congêneres, exceto M . hemigrammoides , M . nigromarginata , e Moenkhausia rubra por possuir pigmentação escura intensa e difusa nos raios das nadadeiras dorsal e anal. A nova espécie pode ser distinguida das espécies supracitadas pela combinação da presença de 20-23 raios ramificados na nadadeira anal, presença de uma mancha umeral aproximadamente retangular, ultrapassando a linha lateral ventralmente, ausência de uma mancha negra conspícua na porção distal da nadadeira dorsal e pela ausência de uma série de linhas longitudinais negras em forma de zigue-zague no corpo. A nova espécie é aqui descrita, juntamente com o relato de uma possível conexão entre as bacias dos rios Tapajós e rio Paraguay, próximo ao município de Diamantino, Mato Grosso.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:27:31Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:42:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84876359915.pdf: 5516536 bytes, checksum: f458040294b4fd9cd63ec824f37a1c8a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:27:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-01-01 All Catfish Species Inventory South American Characiformes Inventory Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Astyanax multidens is redescribed based on syntypes and additional specimens from the rio Amazonas at Silves, Amazonas State and Óbidos, Pará State, and the rios Trombetas, Tapajós, Xingú, and Araguaia. Astyanax multidens is distinguished from congeners by the unique combination of five to seven maxillary teeth, 31 to 34 pored lateral-line scales, 20 to 23 branched analfin rays, and a dark triangular blotch restricted to the middle caudal-fin rays. Astyanax multidens was collected syntopically with Jupiaba paranatinga in the rio Tapajós basin and with Jupiaba cf. essequibensis in the rio Xingu basin, which have paired anteriorly oriented pelvic-fin spines, a antipredatory mechanism. Based on the external morphological similarity between Astyanax multidens and the two species of Jupiaba, their sympatric occurrence, and their distinct phylogenetic position, we interpret this a case of Batesian mimicry. © 2013 Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia. Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 42494, 04218-970, São Paulo, SP Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Instituto de Biociências, São José do Rio Preto, SP Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Instituto de Biociências, São José do Rio Preto, SP All Catfish Species Inventory NSF DEB-0315963 FAPESP: 11/50282-7 FAPESP: 09/15075-0 FAPESP: 10/51250-9

A new miniature species of the family Characidae from Marajó Island, Pará State, Brazil is described and assigned to the genus Tyttobrycon. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners primarily by having multicuspid teeth on jaws, and additionally by having the combination of 5-7 premaxillary teeth, dorsal fin only with scattered melanophores and the presence of an adipose fin. Uma espécie nova miniatura da família Characidae da Ilha do Marajó, Pará, Brasil, é descrita e atribuída ao gênero Tyttobrycon. A espécie nova pode ser diferenciada dos congêneres principalmente por ter dentes multicuspidados nas maxilas e adicionalmente por ter a combinação de 5-7 dentes no pré maxilar, nadadeira dorsal apenas com pequenos cromatóforos escuros dispersos e presença de nadadeira adiposa.

A new species of Moenkhausia from the upper rio Xingu basin is described. Moenkhausia eurystaenia is distinguished from all congeners, except M. heikoi and M. phaeonota, by the presence of a dark, broad longitudinal stripe from the opercle to the end of caudal peduncle. The new species is distinguished from M. heikoi mainly by having 18-21 branched anal-fin rays (vs. 24-26) and the absence of a round blotch at the end of the caudal peduncle (vs. present). Moenkhausia eurystaenia can be distinguished from M. phaeonota mainly by the anterior portion of longitudinal band darker at horizontal septum (vs. darker below horizontal septum), the deep dark pigmentation along horizontal septum extending anteriorly up to humeral region (vs. extending up to vertical through pelvic-fin origin), number of vertebrae 34 (vs. 36-37), and others additional measurements. Uma espécie nova de Moenkhausia da bacia do alto rio Xingu é descrita. Moenkhausia eurystaenia distingue-se de todas as congêneres, exceto M. heikoi e M. phaeonota, pela presença de uma faixa longitudinal larga e escura que se estende do opérculo ao pedúnculo caudal. A espécie nova distingue-se de Moenkhausia heikoi principalmente por apresentar 18-21 raios ramificados na nadadeira anal (vs. 24-26), e ausência de uma mácula circular no final do pedúnculo caudal (vs. presença). Moenkhausia eurystaenia distingue-se de M. phaeonota principalmente pela porção anterior da faixa longitudinal ser mais escura no septo horizontal (vs. mais escura abaixo do septo horizontal), pigmentação profunda e escura ao longo do septo horizontal se estendendo até a região umeral (vs. se estendendo até a vertical que passa pela origem da nadadeira pélvica), 34 vértebras (vs. 36-37), e outras medidas adicionais.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:43:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1679-62252009000200006.pdf: 242243 bytes, checksum: e6d3185c7fa66f7194876f094e230461 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:43:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1679-62252009000200006.pdf: 242243 bytes, checksum: e6d3185c7fa66f7194876f094e230461 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:31:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1679-62252009000200006.pdf: 242243 bytes, checksum: e6d3185c7fa66f7194876f094e230461 (MD5) S1679-62252009000200006.pdf.txt: 26845 bytes, checksum: 4e11cf39a89bec44494bb9d91184e5e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T14:03:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1679-62252009000200006.pdf: 242243 bytes, checksum: e6d3185c7fa66f7194876f094e230461 (MD5) S1679-62252009000200006.pdf.txt: 26845 bytes, checksum: 4e11cf39a89bec44494bb9d91184e5e8 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T14:03:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1679-62252009000200006.pdf: 242243 bytes, checksum: e6d3185c7fa66f7194876f094e230461 (MD5) S1679-62252009000200006.pdf.txt: 26845 bytes, checksum: 4e11cf39a89bec44494bb9d91184e5e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Uma nova espécie de Astyanax é descrita de diversas localidades nas bacias dos rios Negro, Solimões e baixo Tapajós, bacia Amazônica, Brasil. A nova espécie pode ser distinguida de todos os demais Characidae por um padrão de colorido único, que consiste na combinação da presença de uma linha médio-lateral estreita e escura, uma mácula umeral escura bem desenvolvida e verticalmente alongada e o lobo superior da nadadeira caudal e raios medianos escuros, com uma mancha ocelada clara presente no terço anterior do lobo. A new Astyanax species is described from several localities in the rio Negro, rio Solimões and lower rio Tapajós basins, Amazon basin, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from all remaining characids by its unique color pattern consisting of the combination of presence of a conspicuous, narrow dark midlateral stripe, a well-developed vertically-elongated dark humeral spot, and upper caudal-fin lobe and middle caudal-fin rays dark, with a rounded clear ocellated spot present at anterior third of caudal-fin lobe. Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica Laboratório de Ictiologia Universidade de São Paulo Museu de Zoologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica Laboratório de Ictiologia FAPESP: 07/02978-7

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T20:38:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-03-10 Hemigrammus parana is described from the upper rio Paraná system, in the area of influence of the Ilha Solteira reservoir in states of Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais and São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. The new species differs from all congeners by the combination of the following characters: absence of humeral spot; presence of a roughly triangular or rectangular conspicuous black caudal spot, extending from base to tip of middle caudal-fin rays, its greatest depth at base of caudal-fin rays; and anal-fin rays iii-iv, 18-23. Copyright © 2008 Magnolia Press. UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista Laboratório de Ictiologia Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, CEP 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP UFRGS Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Zoologia e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, bloco IV, prédio 43435, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS IBAMA Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e Dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis Gerência Executiva de Juína, Avenida dos Jambos s/no, Centro, Juína, MT CEP 78.320-000 UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista Laboratório de Ictiologia Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, CEP 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP

A new species of Moenkhausia is described from the upper rio Machado at Chapada dos Parecis, rio Madeira basin, Rondônia State, Brazil. Among congeners, the new species is similar to Moenkhausia chlorophthalma, M. cotinho , M. lineomaculata , M. plumbea, and M. petymbuaba by having dark blotches on the anterior portion of the body scales, which are absent in the remaining species of the genus. The new speciesdiffers from aforementioned species by possessing blue eyes in life, 15-18 branched anal-fin rays, and a well-defined, round caudal-peduncle spot that does not reach the upper and lower margins of the caudal peduncle and does not extend to the tip of the middle caudal-fin rays. RESUMO Uma espécie nova de Moenkhausia é descrita do alto rio Machado na Chapada dos Parecis, bacia do rio Madeira, Rondônia, Brasil. Entre as congêneres, a espécie nova é semelhante à Moenkhausia chlorophthalma , M. cotinho , M. lineomaculata , M. plumbea e M. petymbuaba por ter manchas escuras na região anterior das escamas, que estão ausentes nas demais espécies do gênero. A espécie nova difere das espécies mencionadas acima por possuir olhos azuis em vida, 15-18 raios ramificados na nadadeira anal e uma mancha arredondada bem definida no pedúnculo caudal, que não alcança o limite superior e inferior do pedúnculo caudal, e não se estende sobre os raios medianos da nadadeira caudal.