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Study Question: Is there an added diagnosis value of buccal cell FISH analysis compared with blood lymphocyte chromosomal investigations in patients with Turner syndrome (TS)?Summary Answer: Buccal cell FISH analysis, a non-invasive technique, modified the chromosomal results obtained with the blood karyotype in 17 patients (12%) of our cohort.What Is Known Already: Few studies have evaluated buccal cell FISH analysis and compared them with blood karyotype in patients with TS.Study Design, Size, Duration: A prospective, monocentric cohort study was conducted in a rare diseases centre (CMERC) between July 2017 and August 2019.Participants/materials, Setting, Methods: In total, 142 adult patients with TS, and at least 5% 45,X cells in a previous blood karyotype, were recruited. All the patients' files were included in the CEMARA database. This national database has been declared to the French data protection agency (CNIL approval number 1187326). In compliance with French law, consent regarding non-opposition to collect and use the data was obtained from each patient. A FISH analysis on a buccal smear was performed.Main Results and the Role Of Chance: The percentage of 45,X cells was identical between the two tissues in only 32.4% of cases. The discrepancy was higher than 41% for 12% of the cohort. The percentage of 45,X cells was higher in blood in 53 (37.3%) patients, and higher in buccal cells in 43 (30.3%) of cases. In 17 (12%) cases, the blood karyotype had to be reconsidered in regard to the buccal cell analysis.Limitations, Reasons For Caution: It would have been interesting to evaluate karyotypes in cells from other tissues such as cells from skin biopsy or from the urinary tract and even from blood vessels or gonads in case of surgery and to compare them with each patient's phenotype. However, most of the time, these tissues are not available.Wider Implications Of the Findings: Although blood lymphocyte karyotype remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of TS, buccal cell FISH analysis is an efficient tool to evaluate the global chromosomal constitution in these patients, thus allowing them to have better care and follow-up. For instance, identifying a Y chromosome can prevent the occurrence of a gonadoblastoma, as gonadectomy should be discussed. On the other hand, finding normal XX cells in a patient with a previous diagnosis of homogenous 45,X TS, may be psychologically helpful and relevant for gynaecological care.Study Funding/competing Interest(s): No specific funding was sought for the study. The authors declare no competing interests.Trial Registration Number: N/A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Study Question: What are the consequences of radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy for testicular function?Summary Answer: A single activity of 3.7 GBq RAI for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) treatment in young men transiently altered Sertoli cell function and induced sperm chromosomal abnormalities.What Is Known Already: Few studies, mainly retrospective, have reported the potential impacts of RAI on endocrine and exocrine testicular function.Study Design, Size, Duration: A longitudinal prospective multi-center study on testicular function performed in DTC patients before a single 131I ablative activity of 3.7 GBq (V0) and at 3 months (V3) and 13 months (V13) after treatment.Participants/materials, Setting, Methods: Forty male patients, aged 18-55 years, with DTC participated. Hormonal analysis included FSH, LH, testosterone and inhibin B serum levels at V0, V3 and V13. Furthermore, sperm parameters, DNA fragmentation and sperm chromosomal abnormalities were evaluated at each time points. The differences in all parameters, between V0-V3, V0-V13 and V3-V13, were analyzed, using a Wilcoxon test.Main Results and the Role Of Chance: Prior to RAI administration, all patients had normal gonadal function. At V3, a statistically significant increase in FSH levels and a decrease in inhibin B levels were observed and sperm concentration, as well as the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa, were significantly decreased (P < 0.0001). These modifications were transient as both sperm concentration and normal morphology rate returned to baseline values at V13. However, at this later time point, FSH and inhibin B levels were still impacted by RAI administration but remained in the normal range. Although no DNA fragmentation was observed at V3 nor V13, our study revealed a statistically significant increase in the number of sperm chromosomal abnormalities both at V3 (P < 0.001) and V13 (P = 0.01).Limitations, Reasons For Caution: Among the 40 patients included in the study, only 24 had all the parameters available at all visits.Wider Implications Of the Findings: Prospective studies with longer term follow up would be helpful to determine whether the chromosome abnormalities persist. These studies would be required before sperm banking should be suggested for all patients. However, sperm preservation for DTC patients who require cumulative radioiodine activities higher than 3.7 GBq should be proposed.Study Funding/competing Interest(s): This study was supported by the Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique, AP-HP (No. P040419). The authors report no conflict of interest in this work.Trial Registration Number: NCT01150318. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study that investigated the X chromosome and ovarian function. Information on female infertility and ovarian failure; Analysis of cytogenetic abnormalities and impaired ovarian development; X-linked genes involved in ovarian and oocyte development.

Reports on the conservation of small isolated populations of an endangered bird, the Seychelles Magpie Robin. Protection of the birds from hunters and predators; Identification of factors which limit population growth; Implication of the presence of non-breeding birds in reproductive failure.

Analyzes the sex ratio variation in small island populations of the endangered bird, the Seychelles magpie robin or Copsychus sechellarum in the Seychelles. Causes of female mortality; Changes in total population size juvenile recruitment and sex ratios; Changes in mortality patterns.

The roles of oestradiol, inhibin A and inhibin B in the luteal-follicular transition were assessed by means of specific assays. Six premenopausal women were studied during a control and then a cycle treated with percutaneous oestradiol 0.1 mg/day from day 10 after the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge until day 4 of the following cycle. Inhibin A concentrations decreased similarly in control and treated cycles from day -5 to day 2, then increased in control cycle to 23.3 +/- 3.4 pg/ml on day 10 (mean +/- SEM). They remained low until day 5 in treated cycles and were lower than controls on day 10 (P < 0.01). Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations increased on day 1 in controls and on day 5 in treated cycles when oestradiol concentration fell abruptly. Inhibin B concentrations remained low until day 1 in controls and day 4 in treated cycles. In both, inhibin B concentrations increased 1 day after FSH, peaking at 160 pg/ml. FSH concentrations began to plateau when inhibin B concentrations were >100 pg/ml and oestradiol concentrations below 200 pmol/l. These data suggest that inhibin A is not responsible for FSH suppression in the luteal phase and that the negative control of FSH shifts from oestradiol in the luteal phase to inhibin B in the mid-follicular phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The roles of oestradiol, inhibin A and inhibin B in the luteal–follicular transition were assessed by means of specific assays. Six premenopausal women were studied during a control and then a cycle treated with percutaneous oestradiol 0.1 mg/day from day 10 after the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge until day 4 of the following cycle. Inhibin A concentrations decreased similarly in control and treated cycles from day –5 to day 2, then increased in control cycle to 23.3 ± 3.4 pg/ml on day 10 (mean ± SEM). They remained low until day 5 in treated cycles and were lower than controls on day 10 (P < 0.01). Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations increased on day 1 in controls and on day 5 in treated cycles when oestradiol concentration fell abruptly. Inhibin B concentrations remained low until day 1 in controls and day 4 in treated cycles. In both, inhibin B concentrations increased 1 day after FSH, peaking at 160 pg/ml. FSH concentrations began to plateau when inhibin B concentrations were >100 pg/ml and oestradiol concentrations below 200 pmol/l. These data suggest that inhibin A is not responsible for FSH suppression in the luteal phase and that the negative control of FSH shifts from oestradiol in the luteal phase to inhibin B in the mid-follicular phase. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Discusses abstracts of studies related to gynecology and obstetrics. Step-up and step-down protocol in polycystic ovary syndrome; Familial associations in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

A correction to the article "Automatic referral of patients after thoracic surgery to the pain team," that was published in 2012 issue is presented.