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Copper is one of the most used industrial metals. Also, copper containing compounds have high importance in everyday life. The use of copper and its compounds for textile treatment and functionalization is possible by using a broad range of different methods; as e.g. electrodeposition, plasma deposition, spin-doping with copper containing pigment or dye applications using copper salts as mordants or complexing agents. This actual report focusses especially on the use of copper containing pigments applied as part of a coating or a print onto textile surfaces. A general introduction into different types of copper compounds is given. Examples are given for the application of coatings containing copper effect pigments, gold bronze, elemental copper pigments and copper oxide particles. Related to effect pigments, especially silver coated copper pigments are introduced. According to sol-gel applications for textile functionalization, the in-situ preparation of copper oxide nanoparticles on textile surfaces is discussed. Following an overview on possible functionalization as result of the copper application is given. Antimicrobial and antistatic properties are discussed and presented with examples. The determined effects in this field are significant but less compared to analogous functionalization using silver as functional compound. A view on optical modifications and realized UV-protective properties is given. Finally, it can be stated that copper containing materials can be helpful tools to functionalize textile materials and surfaces in a broad range.

Nanofiber mats with a high surface-to-volume ratio can be prepared by electrospinning. The Porosity is sometimes reported to be tunable by blending different materials, e.g., water-soluble poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with not water-soluble poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN). Here, nanofiber mats were electrospun from different PAN:PEO ratios, using a wire-based electrospinning machine "Nanospider Lab". Investigations of the as-spun nanofiber mats as well as of membranes after washing off the water-soluble PEO by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed severe differences in the nanofiber mat morphologies, such as varying fiber diameters and especially non-fibrous areas in the carbonized nanofiber mats, depending on the amount of PEO in the nanofiber mat as well as the molecular weight of the PEO. Similarly, the ratio and molecular weight of PEO influenced the results of stabilization and carbonization. This paper discusses the possibility of tailoring nanofiber porosity for the potential use of PAN nanofiber mats in tissue engineering, filtration, and other applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The T-shirt is probable the most used and the most versatile piece of cloth. With this background, the actual paper gives an overview on different types of T-shirts offered on the German market during the spring and summer in year 2022. A view on T-shirts over a broad price range, with- and without claimed functional properties and eco labels is given. Additional to a view on price and marketing features, also the material composition and functional properties are investigated and reported. T-shirts with functional properties can be even found in the low-cost segment. However, by marketing using a combination of functional materials, eco labels and the statement "Made in Europe" T-shirts can be sold for reasonable higher prices.

Copyright of Textile Industry / Tekstilna Industrija is the property of Union of Textile Engineers & Technicians of Serbia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Novolac resins are used to prepare high-performance flame-retardant fibers, which are also supplied under the brand name Kynol fibers. In the current study, Kynol fiber materials are treated with a laser beam to introduce dark coloration at distinct areas on the textile surface. By this, imaging and writing on the textile surface is possible. For investigation, two different types of Kynol fiber materials are used - a non-woven fiber felt and a woven fabric. It is shown that a laser treatment of medium intensity can introduce a change to dark coloration with good rubbing fastness. The writing of letters and symbols onto fabrics is possible. However, treatments with strong laser intensity lead to significant fiber damages and low rubbing fastness. Nevertheless, the presented method is a promising tool to apply images onto flame retardant fabrics from high performance fibers, which are difficult to dye using conventional techniques of dyeing and printing.

Natural dyes offer a bio-based opportunity to support the attractive coloration of textile fabrics made from natural fibers like cotton, wool, hemp, and many other textile materials. They can be part of a strategy to realize fully bio-based textiles and clothing materials. In line with this statement, the following study investigates the use of wood extracts for dyeing cotton fabrics. Specifically, extract powders of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum L.), brazilwood (Caesalpinia spp.), and quebracho wood (Schinopsis lorentzii) are used. The aim of the study is to evaluate which colorations can be obtained by the application of those wood extracts and what fastness properties are reached. For this, different modified process parameters and mordants are evaluated. The dyeing process is modified using different mordants based on iron and aluminum salts. These mordants are applied in pre-, meta-, or post-mordant procedures. The color and fastness properties of prepared textile samples are determined by spectroscopic measurements, color measurements, washing procedures, and a Xenotest for measuring the light fastness. Ultimately, it is shown that a broad range of colorations can be realized through different combinations of wood extracts and mordanting procedures. Notably, stronger color depths are reached with pre- and meta-mordanting compared to post-mordanting. Good wash fastness is obtained for some color shades. However, with post-mordanting, better wash fastness can be achieved. The light fastness of the realized samples is only moderate to low. In conclusion, it can be stated that dyes from wood extracts are excellent materials to dye natural fibers if they are combined with the right mordanting agent in pre- or meta-mordanting procedures. The present study is therefore a good proof-of-concept for the realization of fully bio-based colored textile materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textiles are used for many different applications and require a variety of properties. Wet functionalization improve textiles' properties, such as hydrophilicity or antimicrobial activity. Chitosan is a bio-based polymer widely investigated in the textile industry for this purpose. A weaving comprising a cotton/polyester mix and a pure-polyester weaving was functionalized with different concentrations of chitosan to determine the most robust method for chitosan detection in both cotton- and polyester-containing materials. Additionally, mixtures of chitosan with 3-glycidyloxypropyltriethoxy silane (GLYEO) or 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane (AMEO) were applied in a one-step or two-step procedure on the same fabrics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and dyeing with Remazol Brilliant Red F3B demonstrated the presence of chitosan and silanes on the textiles' surfaces. While non-functionalized textiles were not stained, the dependency of the dyeing depths on the chitosan concentrations enabled us to infer the efficacy of the very short processing time and a mild dyeing temperature. The one-step application of AMEO and chitosan resulted in the highest presence of silicon on the textile and the greatest color intensity. The functionalization with GLYEO reduced the water sink-in time of polyester, while chitosan-containing solutions increased the hydrophobicity of the material. Washing experiments demonstrated the increasing hydrophilicity of the cotton/polyester samples, independent of the type of functionalization. These experiments show that chitosan-containing recipes can be used as part of a useful method, and the type of functionalization can be used to adjust the hydrophilic properties of polyester and cotton/polyester textiles. Via this first step, in the future, new combinations of bio-based polymers with inorganic binder systems can be developed, ultimately leading to sustainable antimicrobial materials with modified hydrophilic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review reports on hybrid sol-gel coatings used for radiation protective purposes. The different types of electromagnetic radiation are usually distinguished by their wavelength, frequency or photon energy. There is a broad range of types of radiation that humans, materials or electric devices are exposed to, starting from radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, UV light, X-ray and gamma-ray radiation. Gamma-ray radiation is thus at the end of the electromagnetic spectrum with smallest wavelengths, highest frequencies and highest photon energies. Protection against radiation make sense, as it can pose health risks or interfere with technical and electronic equipment for example. Radiation protection can be realized by materials that are able to absorb or reflect the radiation, which leads to a considerable reduction in radiation transmission. These radiation protection materials are specific to different types of radiation or spectral widths, e.g., a material with excellent protective properties against UV light is not automatically suitable for protection against infrared light. The main aim of this review article is to report, what types of hybrid sol-gel materials can be used to provide ideal protection against a specific category of radiation. Additional to the broad view on all types of radiations, focusing in particular on materials exhibiting UV protective properties. Highlights: Full overview on hybrid sol–gel materials for radiation protection. View a fundamental issue of radiation protection. Categorization of special sol–gel materials for protection against specific type of radiation. Discussion of relation of UV-protective properties and coloration of materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The presented study introduces an approach for coating to realize antimicrobial textile surfaces without the use of nanoscaled metal particles. Bactericidal metal ions were used instead of elementary metal [...]

Sunlight is essential for humans. However, sunlight can be the source of several disadvantageous effects and illnesses, e.g., skin aging, sunburn, and skin cancer. Textiles with functional protective effects can counteract these problems. In the current research, knitted fabrics were produced from Lyocell yarns spin-doped with the inorganic UV absorber titanium dioxide TiO2. Lyocell yarns without TiO2 were used as reference materials. The produced knitted fabrics were dyed with different dyestuffs to improve the protective properties against UV light and infrared light. The protective properties are determined by optical spectroscopy in an arrangement of diffusive transmission. With the two dyestuffs Drimaren Yellow HF-CD and Solophenyl Bordeaux 3BLE, dyes were determined which complete UV protection and additionally reduce transmission in the near-IR range (700 nm to 1000 nm). TiO2 in the fibers enhanced this effect. In the UV range (280 nm to 400 nm), the transmission was almost zero with both dyes. Overall, the Lyocell samples containing TiO2 exhibit less sensitivity to abrasion and a UV protective effect after washing can be still determined. The weight loss after the abrasion test for these samples is quite low with only around 8.5 wt-% (10,000 rubbing cycles in the Martindale device). It is concluded that the right choice of dye can improve the protective effect of textiles against various types of radiation. Lyocell fiber-based textiles are suitable for the production of summer clothing due to their good moisture management. Compared to other radiation protective materials based on coating application, the presented solution is advantageous, because the textile properties of the realized products are still present. For this, a direct transfer to clothing application and use in apparel is easily possible. This study can be seen as the first proof-of-concept for the future development of light-protective clothing products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Untreated textile effluent may contain toxic organic pollutants that can have negative impacts on the ecosystem. Among the harmful chemicals present in dyeing wastewater, there are two frequently used organic dyes: methylene blue (cationic) and congo red (anionic). The current study presents investigations on a novel two-tier nanocomposite membrane, i.e., a top layer formed of electrosprayed chitosan–graphene oxide and a bottom layer consisting of an ethylene diamine functionalized polyacrylonitrile electrospun nanofiber for the simultaneous removal of the congo red and methylene blue dyes. The fabricated nanocomposite was characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, and Drop Shape Analyzer. Isotherm modeling was used to determine the efficiency of dye adsorption for the electrosprayed nanocomposite membrane and the confirmed maximum adsorptive capacities of 182.5 mg/g for congo red and 219.3 mg/g for methylene blue, which fits with the Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting uniform single-layer adsorption. It was also discovered that the adsorbent preferred an acidic pH level for the removal of congo red and a basic pH level for the removal of methylene blue. The gained results can be a first step for the development of new wastewater cleaning techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Effect pigments were originally developed to realize advanced optical effects by coating on several types of material surfaces. However, metallic effect pigments are expected to be valuable for many [...]

Textile wastewater accommodates many toxic organic contaminants that could potentially threaten the ecosystem if left untreated. Methylene blue is a toxic, non-biodegradable, cationic dye that is reportedly observed in significant amounts in the textile effluent stream as it is widely used to dye silk and cotton fabrics. Congo red is a carcinogenic anionic dye commonly used in the textile industry. This study reports an investigation of methylene blue and Congo red removal using a chitosan-graphene oxide dip-coated electrospun nanofiber membrane. The fabricated nanocomposite was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), FT-IR Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, UV-vis Spectroscopy, Drop Shape Analyzer, and X-ray Diffraction. The isotherm modeling confirmed a maximum adsorptive capacity of 201 mg/g for methylene blue and 152 mg/g for Congo red, which were well fitted with a Langmuir isotherm model indicating homogenous monolayer adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keratin is one of the most important protein materials and can act as a sustainable biopolymer for manifold applications. This paper reports on a sustainable extraction method for keratin from wool fiber materials. The use of this extracted keratin for polymer film preparation and preparation of nano-composite materials by electrospinning is investigated. The preparation of keratin films is done in combination with the both biopolymers alginate and pectin. Keratin nanofibers are prepared in combination with the polymer polyacrylonitrile PAN. A view on antibacterial properties of the prepared films is given. As further analytic methods, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used. Finally, the preparation of new keratin containing materials is described, which may be used in future for biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]