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This special issue is a compilation of studies arising from the activities of the 5‐year Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Mine Site Restoration. Research conducted by the Centre involved disciplines often overlooked or under‐resourced in the mining industry including restoration genetics, seed technology and enablement, rare species management, and restoration ecophysiology. These studies then formed the context for development of an additional focus on mining closure policy development. The programs highlight the critical importance of ensuring that the seed supply chain, plant growth media, and restoration technologies are fit‐for‐purpose, that native fauna are considered in the life‐of‐mine and, how collectively, investment in these types of programs can inform effective mine closure planning. Though Australian‐based, the principles and outcomes of the research are applicable to international mining activities operating in natural or seminatural ecosystems or regions of high biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mine closure practices have continued to improve over the last few decades; however, across the industry rehabilitation outcomes continue to fall short of community expectations. While examples of successful rehabilitation exist, there are still limited examples of mines closing, relinquishing, and transitioning to another land use. Barriers to relinquishment such as residual risk, land transfer liability, and limited next land use options are compounded by the lack of legislated mine relinquishment policy. Broader mine closure policy has evolved significantly over the last few decades in Australia, with recent changes in some states enhancing mandates requiring progressive rehabilitation and financial assurance mechanisms in an effort to continue to improve mine closure outcomes. Government authorities with legislative powers to report and influence rehabilitation activities in Queensland and Victoria are also considered a positive mine closure policy direction. Despite these recent legislative developments there is still no multi‐agency regulatory policy framework integrating mine closure and relinquishment in any Australian jurisdiction. This article explores how recent mine closure policy changes in Australia could be used by policy makers to enable relinquishment in the future and provides recommendations for an integrated multi‐agency relinquishment policy framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]