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Aortopulmonary window (APW) itself is a rare congenital cardiac malformation and its association with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) makes it more uncommon. We report a case of APW with TOF who presented at 4-year 10 months of age. As the boy was still in operable state, after thorough preoperative evaluation successful surgical repair was done.

Purpose: The present study aimed to develop carvedilol (CAR)-loaded (25% w/w) sustained release solid dispersion (SRSD), for enhanced dissolution and to explore the applicability of different industrially accessible drying techniques. Methods: SRSD-CAR containing different ratios of polymers were prepared and physicochemically characterized. Dissolution study was carried out in both sink and supersaturated conditions to identify the possible enhancement in dissolution behavior. Results: Based on the solubility study, Kolliphor® P188 and Eudragit® RSPO (50:25, % w/w) ratio exhibited the highest solubility among the samples and was chosen as the optimal composition of SRSD-CAR for further characterization. The crystallinity assessments of the optimized formulation indicated amorphization of CAR in the formulation, bring about improved solubility of CAR. The infrared spectroscopic study revealed minor transitions; demonstrating the absence of significant interactions between drug and carrier. Furthermore, the SRSD-CAR exhibited immediate formation of nano particles when dispersed in water. Dissolution study revealed significant improvement in dissolution behavior, with a release of CAR in a gradual manner compared to crystalline CAR. From the dissolution kinetics analysis, the Korsmeyer Peppas model fit the best and diffusion was predominant in release of CAR. The drug release pattern showed insignificant differences between the SRSD-CAR formulations prepared by rotary vacuum drying and freeze drying. Conclusion: From these experimental findings, SRSD approach might be a favorable dosage option for CAR, offering improved biopharmaceutical properties.

The main objective of the current study was to enhance the solubility and dissolution of poorly water soluble drug Loratadine (LOR) through formulation of solid dispersion systems (SDs) using hydrophilic polymers. SDs were prepared by kneading method using different drug-to-polymer ratios (1:3 and 1:5) with poloxomer 188 (samples DS1, DS2) and poloxomer 407 (samples DS3, DS4) as hydrophilic polymers. In vitro drug release studies were performed on prepared SDs (DS1-DS4) and compared to pure drug (LOR only, sample DS0). Prepared SDs showed significant improvement in the release profile compared to LOR.

Background: A duct-to-mucosa pancreatojejunostomy is technically difficult to perform than Dunking procedure after pancreatoduodenectomy. In contrast, the incidence of anastomotic dehiscence is more in Dunking than duct-to-mucosa procedure. Duct-to-mucosa technique is rarely practiced in our country because of technical difficulties and lack of experiences. Objectives: This study was undertaken to evaluate the safety of duct-to-mucosa procedure in our patients with pancreatoduodenectomy. Methods: We have performed pancreatojejunostomy in 14 consecutive patients using a duct-to-mucosa technique and the result was assessed. Results: No patients developed pancreato-jejunal leakage; however, 6 of 14 patients developed complications not related to operative techniques (wound infections; 3,jejunal fistula following removal of jejunal feeding tube; 1, renal dysfunction; 1, delayed gastric emptying; 1) which were managed conservatively. There were no postoperative deaths in the present series and the median postoperative hospital stay was 20.3 days. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 12 months and all patients are surviving with good health during this period. Conclusion: Pancreatojejunostomy by duct-to-mucosal technique is a safe method of pancreatojejunostomy after pancreatoduodenecytomy.