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This study was undertaken to investigate the antimicrobial activity of traditional formulation usingphyla nodiflora, Hibiscus rosa sinesis, Phyllanthus emblica, and piper nigrumplant against pathogens. cold press oil and refined oil extracts of the above plants were prepared and their antimicrobial properties were evaluated by measuring the zone of inhibition using the disk diffusion method. Various fractions showed antibacterial activity againstEscherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus,and antifungal activity againstAspergillus nigerandAspergillus flavus.The results indicated that all of the extracts show antimicrobial properties. The highest potential was observed in formulation 4 (phyla nodifloraleaves & cold press oil) 18 mm zone of inhibition. The cold press oil extract shows maximum inhibition against bacteria as compared to fungi. The experiment confirmed the usingphyla nodiflora, Hibiscus rosa sinesis, Phyllanthus emblica, and piper nigrumoil extracts as natural antimicrobials and suggested the possibility of scalp infectious diseases caused by the test organism. The current investigation shows leaves ofPhyla nodiflorahave potent antimicrobial activity further study is needed to explore its full potential.

The aim of the study was to evaluate anti epileptic activity of ethanolic extract of M. kaenigii on MES, PTZ Induced convulsions in Rats. After the collection of the plant it was extracted with using ethanol solvent by maceration method. Preliminary Phytochemical analysis was done. Acute toxicity was studied. Assessments of antioxidant activity by assay of superoxide dismutase were done and also different enzyme analysis was studied. Effect of EEMK on ME induced convlusions was done in PHT treated animals. Secondary metabolites including alkaloids, saponins, cardiac glycosides and flavonoids were found to be present in the extract and these could have a wide range of compounds with pharmacological activities including those found in this study. Effect of antioxidant enzymes on MES and PTZ induced convolutions were studied. EEMK significantly inhibited the PTZ-induced convulsion, prolonged the latency for convulsion and decreased mortality. The PTZ kindling model is a widely used screening model for testing anticonvulsive compounds. Results based on the PTZ induced clonic seizures and MES induced generalized clonic-tonic seizures in rats model demonstrated that the ethanol extract of Murraya koenigii - Linn. is effective in reducing the severity of clonic seizures and generalized clonic-tonic seizures. This, therefore, supports the traditional use of the plant in the treatment of epilepsy. Key Words:anti epileptic activity, M. kaenigii, PTZ, EEMK, PHT. REFERENCES Chatterji S, Singh RK, Shukla S, Yadav DK, Watal G. Glycemic effect of freeze dried Murraya koenigii — an evidence based study[J]. Int J Pharma Bio Sci, 2010, 1(2) : 1-9. Khuntia TK, Panda DS. Evaluation of antibacterial, antifungal and anthelmintic activity of Murraya koenigii Spreng[J]. Pharma Sci Monit, 2011, 2(2) : 105-110. Ningappaa MB, Dhananjayaa BL, Dineshaa R, Harshaa R, Srinivas L. Potent antibacterial property of APC protein from curry leaves (Murraya koenigii L.)[J]. Food Chem, 2010, 118(3) : 747-750. Rajeshwar Y and Lalitha R. 2013. Prelimiminary Phytochemical Screening AndIn VitroAnthelmintic Effects Of Acmella Paniculata Plant Extracts. Biolife. 1(3), 106-112. Pande MS, Gupta SPBN, Pathak A. Hepatoprotective activity of Murraya koenigii Linn bark[J]. J Herb Med Toxicol, 2009, 3(1) : 69-71. Parmar C, Kaushal MK. Murraya koenigii. In: Parmar C, Kaushal MK. Wild fruits[M]. New Delhi: Kalyani Publishers, 1982. 45-48. Wang YS, He HP, Shen YM, Hong X, Hao XJ. Two new carbazole alkaloids from Murraya koenigii[J]. J Nat Prod, 2003, 66(3) : 416-418 &nbsp

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily manifesting as a loss of memory, senile dementia, and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangle formation. C. papaya has a very long history of medicinal use in Chinese and Indian herbal traditions. The objective of this study is to evaluate the nootropic activity of Carica papaya by using animal model mice. The dried seeds of papaya fruits were used for the extraction by cold maceration method using ethanol as solvent. Preliminary Phytochemical study was performed. Estimation of anti-oxidant enzymes like super oxide dismutase, glutathione peroxide and glutathione reductase were done in extract treated mice. Estimation of acetylcholinestarase levels was also done. The ethyl acetate extract gave positive results for alkaloids, flavanoids, carbohydrates, tannins, glycosides, and absence of proteins, saponins, steroids, terpenes, phenols, gums and mucilage. In the present study, we have found a significant decrease in the level of antioxidant enzymes and the elevated of AChE in mice brain after a single injection of Scopolamine. EECP at 200 mg/ kg and 400 mg/kg had shown the significant reduction in the elevated enzyme level of acetylcholine esterase. The oxidative stress involved by the administration of Scopolamine produced neurotoxicity indicated the decreased levels of super oxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase. Treatment of EECP shows the protection of these antioxidant enzymes on both 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg dose level respectively due to the rejuvenating property of the extract. Key Words:Alzeimer’s disease, C. papaya, acetylcholinestarase, oxidative stress. REFERENCES Gertz HJ and Kiefer M. Review About Ginkgo Biloba Special Extract EGb 761 (Ginkgo). Current Pharmaceutical Designs 2004; 10: 261-264. Bhattacharya SK, Bhattacharya A, Kumar A, Ghosal S. Antioxidant activity of Bacopa monneria in rat frontal cortex, striatum and Hippocampus, Phototherapy. Res 2000; 14: 174-179. Sharma A, Parikh V, Singh M. Pharmacological basis of drug therapy of Alzheimer’s disease. Indian journal of experimental biology 1997; 35: 114-115. Sloane P, Zimmerman S, Suchindran C, Reed P, Wang L, Boustani M, Sudha S. The public health impact of Alzheimer's disease, potential implication of treatment advances. Annu Rev Public Health 2002; 23:13-31. Hebert LE, Scherr PA, Bienias JL. Alzheimer disease in the US population. Prevalence estimates using the 200census. Arch. Neurol 2003; 60:11-12. Geula C, Mesulam M. Cholinergic systems and related neuropathological predilection patterns in Alzheimer disease. I Terry Katzman, R. Bick, K.L. (Eds.) Alzheimer Disease. Raven press, New York 1994; 263-291. Marata M, Castellonea C, Oliverio A, Pomponi M. Studies on physostigmine a centrallyacting acetylcholine esterase inhibitor. Life science 1988; 43:19-21. Kang J, Lenmaire HG, Unterbeck A, Salbaum MN, Masters CL, Grzeschik KH, et al., The precursor protein of Alzheimers disease amyloid A4 protein resembles a cell surface receptor. Nature 1987; 32(5):733-736. Pereira C, Santos MS, Oliveira C. Involvement of oxidative stress on the impairment of energy metabolism induced by A Peptides on PC12 cells: protection by antioxidants. Neurobiol. Dis 1999; 6: 209-219. Seubert P. Isolation and quantitation of soluble Alzheimers -peptide from biological fluids. Nature 1992; 35(9): 325-327. Yankner B, Duffy L, Kirschner D. Neurotrophic and neurotoxic effects of amyloid beta protein: reversal by tachykinin Smith G. Animal models of Alzheimers disease experimental cholinergic denervation, Brain Research Reviews 1988; 13: 103-118. Maurice T, Lockhart BP, Privat A. Amnesia induced in mice by centrally administered beta-amyloid peptides involves cholinergic dysfunction. Brain Res 1996; 70(6): 181 - 193. Zheng H, Jiang M, Trumbauer ME, Sirinathsinghji DJ S, Hopkins. Amyloid precursor protein-deficient mice show reactive gliosis and decreased locomotor activity. Cell 1995; 81: 525-531. Muller U, Cristina N, Li ZW, Wolfer DP, Lipp HP, and Weissmann, C. Behavioral and anatomical deficits in mice homozygous for a modified b-amyloid precursor protein gene. Cell 1994; 79: 755-765. Games D, Adams D, Alessandrini R, Barbour R, Berthelette and Zhao J. Alzheimer type neuropathology in transgenic mice over expressing V717Fb-amyloid precursor protein. Nature 1995; 37(3): 523-527. World health organization (1992) ICD-10, classification of mental and behavioural guidelines. Geneva world health organization. Guidance on the use of Donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine for the treatment of alzheimers disease (technology appraisal guidance no.19). National institute for clinical excellence, January 2001. Delbridge A, Bernard JRL. The Macquarine Concise Dictionary 1998. 213-224. Ayurvedic Formulary of India, 2nd vol. Part-1.New Delhi; Govt. of India, Ministry of health and family welfare. Department of Indian system of Medicine and Homeopathy;2003. 177-179. Nayak SB, Pereira LP and Mahraj D. Wound healing activity of Carica papaya L. on experimentally induced diabetic rats. Indian J Exp Biol 2007; 45(8): 738-43 Manikandan S, Devi RS. Pharmacological Research., 2005; 52: 467. Muthuraman A, Singh N. Complementary and Alternative and Medicine 2011;11: 24. Pandy V, Jose N, Subhash H. Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 2009; 4 (2): 79. Mehrotra S, Mishra KP, Maurya R, Srimal RC, Yadav VS, Pandey R, Singh VK. International immunopharmacology., 2003; 3: 53. A. Muthuraman, N. Singh A.S. Jaggi. Food and Chemical Toxicology., 2011. Harbone JB. Phyto chemical methods, a guide to modern techniques of plant analysis, Chapman and Hall, London 1973; 1: 271. Susan E. Laursen and J.K. Bellknap. Intra cerebro ventricular injection in mice. Journal of pharmacological methods 1986; 16: 355-357. Schlumpf M, Lichtensteiger W, Langemann H. A Fluorometric micro method for the simultaneous determination of serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine in milligram amount of brain tissue, Biochemical pharmacology 1974; 23: 2337-2446. Kepe V, Barrio JR, Huang S, Ercoil L, Siddarth P. Serotonin 1A receptors in the living brain of Alzheimers disease patient, PNAS 2006; 103: 702-707. Marklund S Marklund G. Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay of for superoxide dismutase. European J. of Biochem 1974; 47: 469-474. Lawrence RA, Burk R. Glutathione peroxidase activity in selenium-deficient rat liver. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1976; 71:952-958. Dobler RE and Anderson BM. Simultaneous inactivation of the catalytic activities of yeast glutathione reductase by N-alkyl melimides, Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1981; 7065. Oayama H. Measurement of antioxidants in human blood plasma, Methods Enzymol 1994; 23(4):269-279.

This study investigates the potential of a blended binder formulated from two industrial solid wastes viz. phosphogypsum and fly ash in combination with lime. Three mix proportions of phosphogypsum and fly ash were investigated, and the minimum lime contents required for activation were determined using the Eades and Grim pH test. The lime–fly ash–phosphogypsum blends were then cast into cubes, both in their paste form as well as mortar form, mixed with sand in the ratio of 1:3. They were cured for a period of seven days, and afterwards, their compressive strength was determined. Ordinary Portland cement and lime mortar blocks were also cast as control specimens for comparative evaluation of the strength. The optimal lime–fly ash–phosphogypsum blend was identified and used to construct a masonry prism, and the strengths of the masonry prisms were also evaluated. The optimal lime–fly ash–phosphogypsum blend mortar was also subjected to an X-ray diffraction analysis to determine the reaction products formed during hydration. The study revealed that 5% lime mixed with fly ash:phosphogypsum in the ratio of 3:1 was the optimal proportion which gave the maximum strength to the cubes. The optimal lime–fly ash–phosphogypsum blend mortar developed strength that was higher than conventional Portland cement and lime mortar. The optimal lime–fly ash–phosphogypsum blend mortar masonry prisms developed strength that was comparable to that of Portland cement mortar masonry. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the formation of calcium silicate hydrate minerals as well as ettringite and portlandite which were responsible for strength gain.

Background Heart failure is shown to be associated with elevated levels of ST2 levels in blood. The data about the relation of blood ST2 levels, in patients of significant coronary artery disease (CAD) with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is limited. The impact of gender on ST2 levels not studied until now, so this study aimed to assess the blood ST2 levels measured for males and females patients in comparisons, of CAD with LV dysfunction and their relation to the outcomes at the end of 1-year post intervention.Material and Methods Out of the 60 patients with 1:2 ratio of females and males with CAD and LV dysfunction, baseline quantitative assessment of ST2 levels in blood was done by rapid lateral flow immunoassay method; > 35 mg/mL was considered as abnormal. Postintervention patients followed up to one year, adverse cardiovascular events noted at the end of 1 year. By using binary logistic regression, the outcomes in females compared with males for statistical significance in relation to baseline blood ST 2 levels. The p value of < 0.05 considered was significant.Results Among the 60 patients (females 33.3% and males 66.6 %) presented with CAD with LV dysfunction in the study, 40 (66.6 %) patients diagnosed of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and 20 (33.3%) patients with chronic stable angina (CSA). In both the genders, ACS is most common presentation (55% in females and 72.5 % in males). Eighteen (90%) females and 20 (50%) males were hypertensive, 12 (60%) females and 18 (45%) males were diabetics. Twenty-seven (67.5%) males were smokers and 14 (35%) were alcoholics. Nine (45%) female and 14 (35%) male patients had elevated ST2 levels. At the end of 1 year 9 females had events including 2 mortalities, 2 heart failures, and 7 repeat revascularizations. At the same time 7 male patients had events at the end of 1 year including 4 mortalities, 5 heart failures, and 2 repeat revascularizations. The difference in the event rates between male and female patients were statistically significance (p = 0.03). Elevated ST2 levels were correlated with echocardiographic parameter end systolic volume which was statistically significant (p= 0.03). Similarly elevated ST2 levels correlated with presence of diabetes (p= 0.01) and low LV EF.Conclusion Mean Blood ST2 levels were higher in females who associated with diabetes, high echo cardio graphic end-systolic volume, and a low ejection fraction of LV in severe LV dysfunction with statistical significance. At the end of 1 year in patients with elevated baseline ST2 levels, the female patient had more events than males with statistical significance.

After classic Glenn shunt or bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis, the reappearance or deepening of cyanosis may be due to systemic venous collateral channels. There are only few case reports on this issue in the present literature. Here, we present two cases that underwent bidirectional Glenn shunt, who later presented with cyanosis and desaturation and both of them were found to have venovenous collaterals.

Background From the previous studies fractional flow reserve (FFR) was considered best for hemodynamic assessment of bordersline coronary lesions. In literature, previous studies compared instant wave-free ratio (IFR) with resting full cycle ratio (RFR) which concluded that both were equally effective diagnostically. Studies comparing RFR with FFR are still lacking in number.So we have done a prospective study comparing RFR and FFR in predominately chronic stable angina patients, whose coronary angiogram suggestive of borderline coronary lesions. Material and Methods In the department of cardiology in our institution, we have done a prospective study in chronic stable angina patients whose coronary angiogram was suggestive of borderline coronary lesions from March 2019 to June 2019. We recorded RFR value, basal FFR value, and after-adenosine FFR values in borderline coronary lesion patients. Results A total of 33 patients were included in the study. The study population was predominantly male (93.9%). Hypertension was noted in 81.8% and diabetes was noted in 51.5% patients. We compared RFR and FFR by regression analysis; it suggested that both RFR and FFR were significantly correlated, with p = 0.000. This is true even in subgroup analysis of sex (p = 0.001). Conclusion From our study, we conclude that RFR may be used instead of FFR for physiologic assessment of inducible ischemia in borderline coronary artery lesions as it is independent of gender also.

Left main coronary artery (LMCA) dissections may be iatrogenic or spontaneous. Spontaneous coronary artery dissections (SCADs) are common in pregnant women, with predominantly left anterior descending artery (LAD) involvement. In males, coronary artery dissections may happen in alcoholics. Spontaneous LMCA dissection as the cause of myocardial infarction is very rare. We are reporting a case of spontaneous LMCA dissection in a 45-year-old male alcoholic with the involvement of LAD ostium, which resolved spontaneously with conservative management.

Intracoronary in-stent restenosis (ISR) is more common with bare metal stents. With the introduction of drug-eluting stents (DESs), the incidence of ISR has markedly decreased. Here, we report a case of unusual very early stent restenosis in a patient who presented with unstable angina 15 days after percutaneous coronary intervention with sirolimus-eluting DES. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was done to know the pathophysiology of the very early stent stenosis and the possibilities of the rare findings of this OCT are discussed.

Staghorn calculi are branched stones which occupy a majority portion of the pelvicaliceal system. An untreated staghorn calculus over time can damage the kidney and deteriorate its function and/or cause life threatening sepsis. Total stone clearance is an important goal in order to eradicate any infective focus, relieve obstruction, prevent recurrence and preserve the kidney function. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is currently the accepted first-line treatment option for staghorn calculi. The options available are single-tract PCNL with an auxiliary procedure like shockwave lithotripsy, single-tract PCNL with flexible nephroscopy, or multitract PCNL. Each has its own pros and cons. But the ultimate goal of treatment for any patient with staghorn calculi should be safety, cost-effectiveness, and to achieve total stone clearance. With this article, we review the management of staghorn calculi with multiple percutaneous (“multitract”) access, its advantages and disadvantages and its current position by studying the various published materials across the globe. Keywords: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy, Staghorn, Multitract, Kidney, Stone

Activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor is a key component of many signal transduction pathways involved in the regulation of cellular processes and controls rapid responses of mammalian cells when exposed to the variety of stimulus. The phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and Forskolin (Fo) are well-known kinase activators/stimulators of Protein Kinase C (PKC) and Protein Kinase A (PKA) respectively. Importantly, these kinases are found to be present in transitional points of many cell signaling pathways, especially those involved in proliferation. The stimulating effect of PKC and PKA on the expression of AP-1 factors in MCF-7 breast cell proliferation is not well characterized. Hence, the role of PKC by PMA treatment and the role of PKA by using Fo in MCF-7 cells is investigated. Where, cells treated with PMA showed increased cell proliferation, while Fo had no effect, but inhibited the PMA induced proliferation. The RT-PCR results showed the PMA induced c-Jun, c-Fos and Fra-1 expressions compared to control and Fo. However, Fo in combination with PMA, inhibit the PMA induced above mRNA expressions where Fo alone has no effect. Western blot studies validated the c-Jun expressions in PMA treated MCF-7 cells. Further, PMA increases the mRNA expression of Cyclin-E1, Cyclin-D1, and CDK-4, whereas Fo decreases their expressions. Thus, mitogenic effect of PMA and inhibitory action of Fo on MCF-7 cells is probably enhanced via activation of AP-1 factors and concomitant action of cell cycle regulators in the downstream singling cascade. Keywords: AP-1 transcription factor, Cell cycle, Forskolin, MCF-7 cells, Phorbol esters

The edible endosperm of Areca catechu is recognized as a potent carcinogenic agent either consumed alone or in combination with tobacco. Habitual chewing of areca nut leads to orally potential malignant disorders which are highly effective in malignant transformation and thereby lead to oral carcinogenesis. Human buccal epithelial KB carcinoma cells were used as an experimental cell system to inspect the mechanistic act of aqueous extract of areca nut on biochemical status and their implications on transcriptional activation of cancer signaling cascade that could possibly trigger numerous oncogenic players and finally decides the cells fate. Extract treated cells showed reduced viability with altered balance between oxidants and antioxidants which lead to redox status and which is known to distort various biological processes within the cell system. Results of RT-PCR demonstrated decreased expression of BCl2, cell cycle regulators along with Activator Protein −1 (AP-1) components. While Bax, p16 and p21 mRNAs showed increased expression in extract treated KB cells. Likewise, the translational levels of proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), tumor suppressor p53, retinoblastoma (Rb) and cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) were decreased along with AP-1 subunits (c-Jun/c-Fos) with increased protein levels of p21 in extract treated KB cells. Further, the downstream activation and regulation of AP-1 transcription factors could be through stress activated c-Jun – N terminal Kinase (JNK) Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) which downregulated both Jun and Fos mRNA transcripts in areca nut extract exposed KB cells. Thus, outcome of the study provides insights into mechanistic path of pathogenesis of areca related disorders. Further, it could aid in designing new therapeutic modalities that specific targets these oncogenic players and help in disease management., Highlights • Aqueous areca nut extract induced oxidative stress and derived the cells to apoptosis. • Extract caused G1/S phase cell cycle arrest in human KB cells. • Activator Protein-1 transcription factor were activated through stress activated JNK MAPKs.

This article describes the power train design specifics in Formula student race vehicles used in the famed SAE India championship. To facilitate the physical validation of the design of the power train system of a formula student race car category vehicle engine of 610 cc displacement bike engine (KTM 390 model), a detailed design has been proposed with an approach of easing manufacturing and assembly along with full-scale prototype manufacturing. Many procedures must be followed while selecting a power train, such as engine displacement, fuel type, cooling type, throttle actuation, and creating the gear system to obtain the needed power and torque under various loading situations. Keeping the rules in mind, a well-suited engine was selected for the race track and transmission train was selected which gives the maximum performance. Based on the requirement, a power train was designed with all considerations we need to follow. Aside from torque and power, we designed an air intake with fuel efficiency in mind. Wireless sensors and cloud computing were used to monitor transmission characteristics such as transmission temperature management and vibration. The current study describes the design of an air intake manifold with a maximum restrictor diameter of 20 mm.

The present study emphasis is placed on the analysis and design of elevated water tank structures by manual method and by using SAP2000 software for gravity and lateral loading. A typical intze water tank is considered for the study. The structure is modeled using SAP2000 software using a combination of plate and line elements. The gravity loading consists of vertical and horizontal water pressure along with the self weight of the structure. The lateral loading is in the form of seismic loading as per the provisions of IS 1893. The structure is analyzed for combinations involving gravity and lateral loading. Push over analysis is also performed. The structure is then designed for the internal forces using SAP2000 and manual methods. The results of the present study reveal that SAP2000 is convenient and efficient tool for the analysis and design of water tank structures. The push over curve reveals the ductility of the structure. The results of design from SAP2000 and manual methods are in good agreement with each other., {"references":["Sudhir K. Jain, O R Jaiswal (2007), \"IITK-GSDMA Guidelines for Seismic Design of Liquid Storage Tanks\",","Dr. Jagadish. G. Kori, Pavan. S. Ekbote (August 2013), \"Seismic Behavior of RC Elevated Water Tank under Different Types of Staging Pattern\", Journal of Engineering, Computers & Applied Sciences (JEC&AS), ISSN No: 2319-5606 Volume 2, Issue 8.","Nitesh J Singh, Mohammad Ishtiyaque (2015), \"Design Analysis & Comparison of Intze Type Water Tank For Different Wind Speed And Seismic Zones As Per Indian Codes\", International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, Volume 04,","K. S. K Karthik Reddy, Harsh kaviti (2015), \"Analysis and Design of Elevated Intze Water tank and its Comparative Study in Different Wind Zones - using SAP2000\", Volume 2, Issue 2,","Bugatha Adilakshmi, Paliki Suribabu (2016), \"Design, Analysis and Optimization of Intze type water tank for different parameters as per Indian Codes\", International Journal Of Advanced Research In Science And Engineering, Volume 5, Issue 1,","Ms. Rupal Gondalia1, Asst. Prof. Dhananjay Patel (2017), \"Non-Linear Static Pushover Analysis on Elevated Storage Reservoir\", Scientific Journal Of Impact Factor, Volume 4, Issue 4.","Structural Analysis Program SAP2000. \"User's manual, Computers and Structures, Inc., Berkley","IS: 1893-2002 (Part I), \"Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of structures\", Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.","IS: 456-2000, \"Indian Standard Code of practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete\", Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.","IS: 875 (Part 2), (part3) (1987), \"Code of practice for design loads other than earthquake for buildings and structures: Imposed loads\", Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.","SP: 16 (1980), \"Design aids for reinforced concrete to IS: 456-1978\", Indian Standard Institution, New Delhi.","IS: 3370 (Part 1)-2009, \"Code of practice concrete structures for the storage of liquids\"."]}

The objective of this paper is to understand the changing trends in populationcomposition in Japan and to understand the advantages of Artificial Intelligence.After examining the literature of Japan’s Total fertility rate and Demographicchange it clearly reveals future crisis that Japan Economy may face. Apart from theefforts of Japan Government policies to address population crisis, but it appears a very little impact to mitigate the decline in Total Fertility Rate. So there is a seriousthreat in terms of work force and it looks that greater attention should be given toartificial intelligence to bridge the gap between the total population and workingpopulation.

This study aimed to access the knowledge level of cabbage growers on recommended pesticide usage practices. It was carried out in two blocks of Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu. Krishnagiri district was selected based on maximum acreage under cabbage cultivation. Two blocks viz., Shoolagiri and Hosur were selected considering the area covered under cabbage. A sample of 120 cabbage growers was selected random selected for the study. A well structured interview schedule was used for data collection and collected data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. The findings of the study revealed that majority of the cabbage growers had medium to low level of knowledge on recommended pesticides usage.

The geometric modeling of the cutting tools is an important aspect for the design and manufacturing engineers from the viewpoint of shape realization. The geometry of cutting tools surfaces based on two dimensional 2D projected geometry approach has certain limitations. This definition is also inadequate due to inaccuracy and non applicability of the model for further manipulation. To address these issues, an accurate three dimensional 3D surface based generic definition for a few families of custom engineered milling cutters has been developed. The proposed geometric definition of the customized cutter is developed in terms of biparametric surface patches using proposed 3D rotational angles rather than the conventional 2D angles. The non uniform rational B spline NURBS curve s and generation of sweep surfaces based on it are utilized for the shape generation of cutting elements of the generic cutters. This representation scheme enables tooth shapes to be controlled by manipulating control polygons and sweep trajectories and in the process varied tool geometries can be generated. Further, an interface is developed that converts the proposed 3D parametric definition of the cutter into an intermediate neutral CAD format. This helps in rendering the cutter model in any CAD modeling environment. R. R. Karthi | B. Tamilarasu | S. Mukesh | K. M. Naveen Kumar "Geometric Modeling, Design and Analysis of Custom-Engineered Milling Cutters" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd10986.pdf

Context: Cheiloscopy and dactyloscopy, both are well-established forensic tools used in individual identification in any scenario be it a crime scene or civil cause. Like finger prints, lip prints are unique and distinguishable for every individual. But their relationship to personality types has not been established excepting the hypothesis stating that finger prints could explain these personality patterns. Aims: The study was aimed to record and correlate the lip and finger prints with that of character/personality of a person. Settings and Design: The lip and finger prints and character of a person were recorded and the data obtained was subjected for statistical analysis, especially for Pearson's Chi-square test and correlation/association between the groups was also studied. Materials and Methods: The study sample comprised of 200 subjects, 100 males and 100 females, aged between 18 and 30 years. For recording lip prints, brown/pink-colored lipstick was applied on the lips and the subjects were asked to spread uniformly over the lips. Lip prints were traced in the normal rest position on a plain white bond paper. For recording the finger prints, imprints of the fingers were taken on a plain white bond paper using ink pad. The collected prints were visualized using magnifying lens. To record the character of person, a pro forma manual for multivariable personality inventory by Dr. BC Muthayya was used. Statistical Analysis Used: Data obtained was subjected for statistical analysis, especially for Pearson's Chi-square test and correlation/association between the groups was also studied. Results: In males, predominant lip pattern recorded was Type I with whorls-type finger pattern and the character being ego ideal, pessimism, introvert, and dogmatic; whereas in females, predominant lip pattern recorded was Type II with loops-type finger pattern and the character being neurotic, need achievers, and dominant. Conclusion: Many studies on lip pattern, finger pattern, palatal rugae, etc., for individual identification and gender determination exist, but correlative studies are scanty. This is the first study done on correlating patterns, that is, lip and finger pattern with the character of a person. With this study we conclude that this correlation can be used as an adjunct in the investigatory process in forensic sciences.

A 20-year-old female presented with abdominal pain and loss of weight of 3 months duration, initially diagnosed as acid peptic disorder ultra sound examination revealed pancreatic mass and contrast-enhanced computed tomography abdomen confirmed distal pancreatic mass, which was excised and sent for histopathological examination, which revealed solid pseudopapillay tumor of pancreas. Solid pseudopapillary tumors most commonly occur in young women. Till recently the tumors are misclassified as nonfunctioning islet cell tumors or solid cystic tumor of pancreas or papillary cystadeno carcionoma. The tumors are well-encapsulated and cut surfaces show solid and hemorrhagic necrotic patterns. The neoplasms usually behave like a very low grade malignancy; hence complete surgical removal is treatment of choice.

To evaluate the treatment of hypertrophy of inferior turbinates in patients diagnosed with allergic/non allergic rhinitis with the use of radiofrequency ablation technique. Ablation with radiofrequency was used in this study on the inferior turbinates of 200 patients diagnosed as allergic/non allergic rhinitis at our institution between January 2006 and December 2009. The results were evaluated subjectively by changes in pre and post operative symptoms, size of inferior turbinate, postoperative pain and assessment of ciliary function. Four patients (2%) at the end of 6 months and 4 patients (2%) at the end of 12 months reported persistent symptom of nasal obstruction. No patient reported nasal discharge, 28 patients (14%) at 6 months, 20 patients (10%) at 24 months reported persistence of sneezing. 8 patients (4%) at 6 months, 4 patients (2%) at 24 months reported persistence of snoring, no patient complained of persistence of hyposmia. 4 patients (2%) at 6 months, no patient at 24 months complained of crusting, no patient complained of bleeding at 6, 24 months. No alteration of ciliary function and anatomy of the inferior turbinate mucosa was noticed. These results suggests that ablation with radiofrequency is an easily applied, efficient and reliable technique in the treatment of hypertrophied inferior turbinate in allergic/non allergic rhinitis patients with no changes in the ciliary function and necrosis/atrophy of inferior turbinate.

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies and magnetic measurements were carried out on single crystals of multiferroic DyMnO3 in hexagonal as well as orthorhombic structures. The interesting effect of strontium dilution on the frustrated antiferromagnetism of DyMnO3 is also probed using EPR. The line shapes are fitted to broad Lorentzian in the case of pure DyMnO3 and to modified Dysonian in the case of Dy0.5Sr0.5MnO3. The linewidth, integrated intensity, and geff derived from the signals are analyzed as a function of temperature. The results of magnetization measurements corroborate with EPR results. Our study clearly reveals the signature of frustrated magnetism in pure DyMnO3 systems. It is found that antiferromagnetic correlations in these systems persist even above the transition. Moreover, a spin-glass-like behavior in Dy0.5Sr0.5MnO3 is indicated by a steplike feature in the EPR signals at low fields.