1,138 results on '"M Hirai"'
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2. Ion irradiation effects on FeCrAl-ODS ferritic steel
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K. Kondo, S. Aoki, S. Yamashita, S. Ukai, K. Sakamoto, M. Hirai, and A. Kimura
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Nuclear engineering. Atomic power ,TK9001-9401 - Abstract
The correlation between microstructure and mechanical property of ion irradiated 12Cr-6Al ODS ferritic steel was studied. Ion irradiation experiments were performed using 10.5 MeV Fe ions up to the nominal displacement damage of 20 dpa with the damage rate of 1 × 10−4 dpa/s, while the irradiation temperature was 300 °C. Oxide nanoparticles showed stable size distribution and mean size under ion irradiation up to 20 dpa. The irradiation microstructure examined by TEM revealed that the mean size and number densities of irradiation-induced defect clusters increased with the displacement damage. The correlation between irradiation microstructure and radiation hardening was theoretically calculated using the dispersed barrier hardening model. The results showed a good agreement with the experimentally measured hardness data up to irradiation at 5 dpa, while a slight discrepancy was found between theoretical and experimental hardness values under irradiation at 20 dpa. Radiation hardening in 12Cr-6Al ODS ferritic steel was mainly caused by irradiation-induced defect clusters below the irradiation dose of 5 dpa. As the irradiation dose increased toward 20 dpa, an additional influence of the radiation appeared, which was assumed to be induced by α’ phase transformation.
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- 2018
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3. Transcapillary PO(2) Gradients in Contracting Muscles Across the Fibre Type and Oxidative Continuum
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Daniel M. Hirai, David C. Poole, Ramona E. Weber, Trenton D. Colburn, Brad J. Behnke, Scott K. Ferguson, Jesse C. Craig, Timothy I. Musch, and Kiana M. Schulze
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inorganic chemicals ,0301 basic medicine ,Physiology ,Hemodynamics ,Oxidative phosphorylation ,Article ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Oxygen Consumption ,Interstitial space ,medicine ,Animals ,Glycolysis ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Pressure gradient ,Chemistry ,Microcirculation ,Oxygen transport ,Skeletal muscle ,respiratory system ,Rats ,Oxygen ,Red blood cell ,Oxidative Stress ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,cardiovascular system ,Biophysics ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,circulatory and respiratory physiology ,Muscle Contraction - Abstract
KEY POINTS Within skeletal muscle the greatest resistance to oxygen transport is thought to reside across the short distance at the red blood cell-myocyte interface. These structures generate a significant transmural oxygen pressure (PO2 ) gradient in mixed fibre-type muscle. Increasing O2 flux across the capillary wall during exercise depends on: (i) the transmural O2 pressure gradient, which is maintained in mixed-fibre muscle, and/or (ii) elevating diffusing properties between microvascular and interstitial compartments resulting, in part, from microvascular haemodynamics and red blood cell distribution. We evaluated the PO2 within the microvascular and interstitial spaces of muscles spanning the slow- to fast-twitch fibre and high- to low-oxidative capacity spectrums, at rest and during contractions, to assess the magnitude of transcapillary PO2 gradients in rats. Our findings demonstrate that, across the metabolic rest-contraction transition, the transcapillary pressure gradient for O2 flux is: (i) maintained in all muscle types, and (ii) the lowest in contracting highly oxidative fast-twitch muscle. ABSTRACT In mixed fibre-type skeletal muscle transcapillary PO2 gradients (PO2 mv-PO2 is; microvascular and interstitial, respectively) drive O2 flux across the blood-myocyte interface where the greatest resistance to that O2 flux resides. We assessed a broad spectrum of fibre-type and oxidative-capacity rat muscles across the rest-to-contraction (1 Hz, 120 s) transient to test the novel hypotheses that: (i) slow-twitch PO2 is would be greater than fast-twitch, (ii) muscles with greater oxidative capacity have greater PO2 is than glycolytic counterparts, and (iii) whether PO2 mv-PO2 is at rest is maintained during contractions across all muscle types. PO2 mv and PO2 is were determined via phosphorescence quenching in soleus (SOL; 91% type I+IIa fibres and CSa: ∼21 μmol min-1 g-1 ), peroneal (PER; 33% and ∼20 μmol min-1 g-1 ), mixed (MG; 9% and ∼26 μmol min-1 g-1 ) and white gastrocnemius (WG; 0% and ∼8 μmol min-1 g-1 ) across the rest-contraction transient. PO2 mv was higher than PO2 is in each muscle (∼6-13 mmHg; P
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- 2020
4. Long-Term Survival after Adrenalectomy for Asynchronous Metastasis of Bladder Cancer to the Bilateral Adrenal Glands
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S. Washino, M. Hirai, A. Matsuzaki, and Y. Kobayashi
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Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Isolated adrenal metastasis of bladder cancer, particularly the bilateral, is quite rare. Systemic chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for metastatic urothelial carcinoma. However, despite initially promising response rates of approximately 45%–71%, most tumors eventually show progression, and the median survival time following chemotherapy regimen is approximately 14-15 months. Recently, favorable results of surgery for metastatic urothelial carcinoma have been reported. Here, we report a rare case of asynchronous metastasis of bladder cancer to the bilateral adrenal glands with long-term survival after bilateral adrenalectomy. A 69-year-old man underwent radical cystoprostatectomy and ileal conduit urinary diversion for invasive bladder cancer. Ten months later, left adrenalectomy was performed for a left adrenal tumor, revealing metastatic urothelial carcinoma. After adjuvant chemotherapy, a tumor in the right adrenal gland was detected. Right adrenalectomy was done, and the tumor was also found to be metastatic urothelial carcinoma. The patient had an uneventful recovery after starting steroid replacement therapy. Three years later, he was doing well and had no evidence of recurrence. Adrenalectomy for isolated adrenal metastasis of urothelial carcinoma may be a reasonable option, even if such metastases are bilateral.
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- 2012
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- View/download PDF
5. Central and peripheral factors mechanistically linked to exercise intolerance in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
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Ayaka Tabuchi, David C. Poole, Trenton D. Colburn, Jacob T. Caldwell, Jesse C. Craig, Daniel M. Hirai, Bradley J. Behnke, Carl J. Ade, Timothy I. Musch, and Dryden R. Baumfalk
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Cardiac Catheterization ,Time Factors ,Physiology ,Myocardial Infarction ,Exercise intolerance ,Nitric Oxide ,Ventricular Function, Left ,Running ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Oxygen Consumption ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Ventricular Pressure ,Animals ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Heart Failure ,Ejection fraction ,Exercise Tolerance ,business.industry ,Stroke Volume ,medicine.disease ,Echocardiography, Doppler ,Peripheral ,Disease Models, Animal ,Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch ,Heart failure ,Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch ,Cardiology ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Research Article ,Muscle Contraction - Abstract
Exercise intolerance is a primary symptom of heart failure (HF); however, the specific contribution of central and peripheral factors to this intolerance is not well described. The hyperbolic relationship between exercise intensity and time to exhaustion (speed-duration relationship) defines exercise tolerance but is underused in HF. We tested the hypotheses that critical speed (CS) would be reduced in HF, resting central functional measurements would correlate with CS, and the greatest HF-induced peripheral dysfunction would occur in more oxidative muscle. Multiple treadmill-constant speed runs to exhaustion were used to quantify CS and D′ (distance coverable above CS) in healthy control (Con) and HF rats. Central function was determined via left ventricular (LV) Doppler echocardiography [fractional shortening (FS)] and a micromanometer-tipped catheter [LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP)]. Peripheral O2 delivery-to-utilization matching was determined via phosphorescence quenching (interstitial Po2, Po2 is) in the soleus and white gastrocnemius during electrically induced twitch contractions (1 Hz, 8V). CS was lower in HF compared with Con (37 ± 1 vs. 44 ± 1 m/min, P < 0.001), but D′ was not different (77 ± 8 vs. 69 ± 13 m, P = 0.6). HF reduced FS (23 ± 2 vs. 47 ± 2%, P < 0.001) and increased LVEDP (15 ± 1 vs. 7 ± 1 mmHg, P < 0.001). CS was related to FS ( r = 0.72, P = 0.045) and LVEDP ( r = −0.75, P = 0.02) only in HF. HF reduced soleus Po2 is at rest and during contractions (both P < 0.01) but had no effect on white gastrocnemius Po2 is ( P > 0.05). We show in HF rats that decrements in central cardiac function relate directly with impaired exercise tolerance (i.e., CS) and that this compromised exercise tolerance is likely due to reduced perfusive and diffusive O2 delivery to oxidative muscles. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that critical speed (CS), which defines the upper boundary of sustainable activity, can be resolved in heart failure (HF) animals and is diminished compared with controls. Central cardiac function is strongly related with CS in the HF animals, but not controls. Skeletal muscle O2 delivery-to-utilization dysfunction is evident in the more oxidative, but not glycolytic, muscles of HF rats and is explained, in part, by reduced nitric oxide bioavailability.
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- 2019
6. Sexual dimorphism in the control of skeletal muscle interstitial Po(2) of heart failure rats: effects of dietary nitrate supplementation
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Daniel M. Hirai, David C. Poole, Jesse C. Craig, Timothy I. Musch, and Trenton D. Colburn
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Physiology ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Nitric Oxide ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Oxygen Consumption ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,Dietary Nitrate ,medicine ,Animals ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Heart Failure ,Sex Characteristics ,Nitrates ,business.industry ,Skeletal muscle ,medicine.disease ,Rats ,Sexual dimorphism ,Oxygen ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Heart failure ,Dietary Supplements ,Oxygen delivery ,Female ,Nitrogen Oxides ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Research Article ,Muscle Contraction - Abstract
Sex differences in the mechanisms underlying cardiovascular pathophysiology of O2 transport in heart failure (HF) remain to be explored. In HF, nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is reduced and contributes to deficits in O2 delivery-to-utilization matching. Females may rely more on NO for cardiovascular control and as such experience greater decrements in HF. We tested the hypotheses that moderate HF induced by myocardial infarction would attenuate the skeletal muscle interstitial Po2 response to contractions (Po2is; determined by O2 delivery-to-utilization matching) compared with healthy controls and females would express greater dysfunction than male counterparts. Furthermore, we hypothesized that 5 days of dietary nitrate supplementation (Nitrate; 1 mmol·kg−1·day−1) would raise Po2is in HF rats. Forty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to healthy, HF, or HF + Nitrate groups (each n = 14; 7 female/7 male). Spinotrapezius Po2is was measured via phosphorescence quenching during electrically induced twitch contractions (180 s; 1 Hz). HF reduced resting Po2is for both sexes compared with healthy controls ( P < 0.01), and females were lower than males (14 ± 1 vs. 17 ± 2 mmHg) ( P < 0.05). In HF both sexes expressed reduced Po2is amplitudes following the onset of muscle contractions compared with healthy controls (female: −41 ± 7%, male: −26 ± 12%) ( P < 0.01). In HF rats, Nitrate elevated resting Po2is to values not different from healthy rats and removed the sex difference. Female HF + Nitrate rats expressed greater resting Po2is and amplitudes compared with female HF ( P < 0.05). In this model of moderate HF, O2 delivery-to-utilization matching in the interstitial space is diminished in a sex-specific manner and dietary nitrate supplementation may serve to offset this reduction in HF rats with greater effects in females. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Interstitial Po2 (Po2is; indicative of O2 delivery-to-utilization matching) determines, in part, O2 flux into skeletal muscle. We show that heart failure (HF) reduces Po2is at rest and during skeletal muscle contractions in rats and this negative effect is amplified for females. However, elevating NO bioavailability with dietary nitrate supplementation increases resting Po2is and alters the dynamic response with greater efficacy in female HF rats, particularly at rest and following the onset of muscle contractions.
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- 2019
7. Submaximal exercise cardiac output is increased by 4 weeks of sprint interval training in young healthy males with low initial Q̇-V̇O2: Importance of cardiac response phenotype
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Brendon J. Gurd, Joe Quadrilatero, Michael E. Tschakovsky, James P. Raleigh, Matthew D. Giles, Daniel M. Hirai, J. Alberto Neder, Joshua H. Jones, Joel T. Zelt, and Robert F. Bentley
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Male ,Cardiac response ,Cardiac output ,Physiology ,Blood Pressure ,Submaximal exercise ,High-Intensity Interval Training ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Vascular Medicine ,Interval training ,0302 clinical medicine ,Blood Flow ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Public and Occupational Health ,Cardiac Output ,Musculoskeletal System ,Mathematics ,Exercise Tolerance ,Multidisciplinary ,Muscles ,Respiration ,Adaptation, Physiological ,Sports Science ,Body Fluids ,Chemistry ,Phenotype ,Blood ,Sprint ,Physical Sciences ,Cardiology ,Medicine ,Anatomy ,High-intensity interval training ,Research Article ,Chemical Elements ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Science ,03 medical and health sciences ,Oxygen Consumption ,Text mining ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Sports and Exercise Medicine ,Exercise ,Cardiac Muscles ,Pulmonary Gas Exchange ,business.industry ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Physical Activity ,030229 sport sciences ,Muscle oxygenation ,Oxygen ,Skeletal Muscles ,Physical Fitness ,Physiological Processes ,business - Abstract
Cardiovascular adaptations to exercise, particularly at the individual level, remain poorly understood. Previous group level research suggests the relationship between cardiac output and oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]) is unaffected by training as submaximal [Formula: see text] is unchanged. We recently identified substantial inter-individual variation in the exercise [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] relationship that was correlated to stroke volume (SV) as opposed to arterial oxygen content. Therefore we explored the effects of sprint interval training (SIT) on modulating [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] given an individual's specific [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] relationship. 22 (21±2 yrs) healthy, recreationally active males participated in a 4-week SIT (8, 20 second sprints; 4x/week, 170% of the work rate at [Formula: see text] peak) study with progressive exercise tests (PET) until exhaustion. Cardiac output ([Formula: see text] L/min; inert gas rebreathe, Finometer Modelflow™), oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text] L/min; breath-by-breath pulmonary gas exchange), quadriceps oxygenation (near infrared spectroscopy) and exercise tolerance (6-20; Borg Scale RPE) were measured throughout PET both before and after training. Data are mean Δ from bsl±SD. Higher [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) and lower [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) responders were identified post hoc (n = 8/group). SIT increased the [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] post-training in [Formula: see text] (3.8±0.2 vs. 4.7±0.2; P = 0.02) while [Formula: see text] was unaffected (5.8±0.1 vs. 5.3±0.6; P = 0.5). [Formula: see text] was elevated beyond 80 watts in [Formula: see text] due to a greater increase in SV (all P0.1). In contrast to [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] responders are capable of improving submaximal [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] in response to SIT via increased SV. However, the increased submaximal exercise [Formula: see text] does not benefit exercising muscle oxygenation.
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- 2019
8. Towards a Unified Model of Neutrino-Nucleus Reactions for Neutrino Oscillation Experiments
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Y. Hayato, S. X. Nakamura, S. Kumano, Wataru Horiuchi, K. Saito, Makoto Sakuda, Hiroyuki Kamano, Yasuyuki Suzuki, Toru Sato, M. Hirai, and T. Murata
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Quark ,Physics ,Particle physics ,Nuclear Theory ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Electroweak interaction ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Parton ,Unified Model ,Deep inelastic scattering ,01 natural sciences ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,0103 physical sciences ,CP violation ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Neutrino ,010306 general physics ,Neutrino oscillation ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
A precise description of neutrino-nucleus reactions will play a key role in addressing fundamental questions such as the leptonic CP violation and the neutrino mass hierarchy through analyzing data from next-generation neutrino oscillation experiments. The neutrino energy relevant to the neutrino-nucleus reactions spans a broad range and, accordingly, the dominant reaction mechanism varies across the energy region from quasi-elastic scattering through nucleon resonance excitations to deep inelastic scattering. This corresponds to transitions of the effective degree of freedom for theoretical description from nucleons through meson-baryon to quarks. The main purpose of this review is to report our recent efforts towards a unified description of the neutrino-nucleus reactions over the wide energy range; recent overall progress in the field is also sketched. Starting with an overview of the current status of neutrino-nucleus scattering experiments, we formulate the cross section to be commonly used for the reactions over all the energy regions. A description of the neutrino-nucleon reactions follows and, in particular, a dynamical coupled-channels model for meson productions in and beyond the $\Delta$(1232) region is discussed in detail. We then discuss the neutrino-nucleus reactions, putting emphasis on our theoretical approaches. We start the discussion with electroweak processes in few-nucleon systems studied with the correlated Gaussian method. Then we describe quasi-elastic scattering with nuclear spectral functions, and meson productions with a $\Delta$-hole model. Nuclear modifications of the parton distribution functions determined through a global analysis are also discussed. Finally, we discuss issues to be addressed for future developments., Comment: 68 pages, 33 figures; (v2) reference added, author name in metadata corrected; (v3) Discussion extended in Sec. I and IV, Fig. 10 added to compare with a previous result on two-pion productions, Table I extended to include a comparison with a recent T2K result on coherent pion production
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- 2016
9. Effects of heart failure on cerebral blood flow in copd: rest and exercise
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Aline Souza, Maria Clara Alencar, Mayron F. Oliveira, Luiz Medina, Denis E. O'Donnell, Priscila A. Sperandio, J. Alberto Neder, Wladimir Musetti Medeiros, Daniel M. Hirai, and Flavio F. Arbex
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Male ,Cardiac output ,Time Factors ,Near-Infrared SpectroscopyObstructive Pulmonary-Disease ,Physiology ,Comorbidity ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Cerebral Oxygenation ,Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ,0302 clinical medicine ,Mechanisms ,Cerebrovascular Responses ,Cardiac-Output ,COPD ,Ejection fraction ,Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ,General Neuroscience ,Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ,Near-Infrared Spectroscopy ,Middle Aged ,Cerebral blood flow ,Cerebrovascular Circulation ,Cardiology ,Cortex ,Female ,Noninvasive Measurement ,medicine.symptom ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Indocyanine Green ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Mean arterial pressure ,Rest ,Neuroscience(all) ,Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ,Exercise intolerance ,Statistics, Nonparametric ,03 medical and health sciences ,Near-infrared spectroscopy ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Exertion ,Exercise ,Aged ,Heart Failure ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,respiratory tract diseases ,Oxygen ,030228 respiratory system ,Oxygenation ,Heart failure ,Cerebral oxygenation ,Exercise Test ,business ,Ejection Fraction - Abstract
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygenation (COx) are generally well-preserved in COPD. It is unknown whether prevalent cardiovascular co-morbidities, such as heart failure, may impair CBF and COx responses to exertion. Eighteen males with moderate-to-severe COPD (8 with and 10 without overlapping heart failure) underwent a progressive exercise test with pre-frontal CBF and COx measurements (indocyanine green and near-infrared spectroscopy). Mean arterial pressure and cardiac output were lower from rest to exercise in overlap. Only COPD patients demonstrated an increase in arterialized PCO2 towards the end of progressive exercise. CBF index was consistently higher and increased further by similar to 40% during exercise in COPD whereas a similar to 10% reduction was observed in overlap. COx was lower in overlap despite preserved arterial oxygenation. In conclusion, heart failure introduces pronounced negative effects on CBF and COx in COPD which may be associated with clinically relevant outcomes, including dyspnea, exercise intolerance, cerebrovascular disease and cognitive impairment. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit (SEFICE), Division of Respirology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil Respiratory Investigation Unit & Laboratory of Clinical Exercise Physiology, Queen’s University & Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada Pulmonary Function and Clinical Exercise Physiology Unit (SEFICE), Division of Respirology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil Web of Science
- Published
- 2016
10. Does Impaired O2 Delivery During Exercise Accentuate Central and Peripheral Fatigue in Patients with Coexistent COPD-CHF?
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J. Alberto Neder, Mayron F. Oliveira, Joshua H. Jones, Samuel Verges, Daniel M. Hirai, Joel T. Zelt, and Denis E. O'Donnell
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Physiology ,Exercise intolerance ,lcsh:Physiology ,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ,Work of breathing ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Respiratory muscle ,skeletal muscle ,Neuromuscular Manifestations ,Cardiopulmonary disease ,COPD ,lcsh:QP1-981 ,business.industry ,Cardiorespiratory fitness ,medicine.disease ,Hypothesis and Theory Article ,Respiratory Muscles ,chronic heart failure ,Heart failure ,Physical therapy ,Cardiology ,respiratory muscle ,oxygenation ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Impairment in oxygen (O2) delivery to the central nervous system ("brain") and skeletal locomotor muscle during exercise has been associated with central and peripheral neuromuscular fatigue in healthy humans. From a clinical perspective, impaired tissue O2 transport is a key pathophysiological mechanism shared by cardiopulmonary diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic heart failure (CHF). In addition to arterial hypoxemic conditions in COPD, there is growing evidence that cerebral and muscle blood flow and oxygenation can be reduced during exercise in both isolated COPD and CHF. Compromised cardiac output due to impaired cardiopulmonary function/interactions and blood flow redistribution to the overloaded respiratory muscles (i.e., ↑work of breathing) may underpin these abnormalities. Unfortunately, COPD and CHF coexist in almost a third of elderly patients making these mechanisms potentially more relevant to exercise intolerance. In this context, it remains unknown whether decreased O2 delivery accentuates neuromuscular manifestations of central and peripheral fatigue in coexistent COPD-CHF. If this holds true, it is conceivable that delivering a low-density gas mixture (heliox) through non-invasive positive pressure ventilation could ameliorate cardiopulmonary function/interactions and reduce the work of breathing during exercise in these patients. The major consequence would be increased O2 delivery to the brain and active muscles with potential benefits to exercise capacity (i.e., ↓central and peripheral neuromuscular fatigue, respectively). We therefore hypothesize that patients with coexistent COPD-CHF stop exercising prematurely due to impaired central motor drive and muscle contractility as the cardiorespiratory system fails to deliver sufficient O2 to simultaneously attend the metabolic demands of the brain and the active limb muscles.
- Published
- 2015
11. (−)-Epicatechin administration and exercising skeletal muscle vascular control and microvascular oxygenation in healthy rats
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Steven W. Copp, David C. Poole, Clark T. Holdsworth, Michael J. White, Gabrielle E. Sims, Tadakatsu Inagaki, Daniel M. Hirai, Scott K. Ferguson, and Timothy I. Musch
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Physiology ,Vascular Biology and Microcirculation ,Physical Exertion ,Administration, Oral ,Vasodilation ,Hindlimb ,Biology ,Catechin ,Microcirculation ,Running ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Oxygen Consumption ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Arterial Pressure ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Exercise Tolerance ,Skeletal muscle ,Oxygenation ,Anatomy ,Rats ,Oxygen ,Kinetics ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Blood pressure ,Endocrinology ,Regional Blood Flow ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Mitochondrial Volume ,Muscle contraction ,Muscle Contraction - Abstract
Consumption of the dietary flavanol (−)-epicatechin (EPI) is associated with enhanced endothelial function and augmented skeletal muscle capillarity and mitochondrial volume density. The potential for EPI to improve peripheral vascular function and muscle oxygenation during exercise is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that EPI administration in healthy rats would improve treadmill exercise performance secondary to elevated skeletal muscle blood flow and vascular conductance [VC, blood flow/mean arterial pressure (MAP)] and improved skeletal muscle microvascular oxygenation. Rats received water (control, n = 12) or 4 mg/kg EPI ( n = 12) via oral gavage daily for 24 days. Exercise endurance capacity and peak O2 uptake (V̇o2 peak) were measured via treadmill runs to exhaustion. MAP (arterial catheter) and blood flow (radiolabeled microspheres) were measured and VC was calculated during submaximal treadmill exercise (25 m/min, 5% grade). Spinotrapezius muscle microvascular O2 pressure (Po2mv) was measured (phosphorescence quenching) during electrically induced twitch (1 Hz) contractions. In conscious rats, EPI administration resulted in lower (↓∼5%) resting ( P = 0.03) and exercising ( P = 0.04) MAP. There were no differences in exercise endurance capacity, V̇o2 peak, total exercising hindlimb blood flow (control, 154 ± 13; and EPI, 159 ± 8 ml·min−1·100 g−1, P = 0.68), or VC (control, 1.13 ± 0.10; and EPI, 1.24 ± 0.08 ml·min−1·100 g−1·mmHg−1, P = 0.21) between groups. Following anesthesia, EPI resulted in lower MAP (↓∼16%) but did not impact resting Po2mv or any kinetics parameters ( P > 0.05 for all) during muscle contractions compared with control. EPI administration (4 mg·kg−1·day−1) improved modestly cardiovascular function (i.e., ↓MAP) with no impact on exercise performance, total exercising skeletal muscle blood flow and VC, or contracting muscle microvascular oxygenation in healthy rats.
- Published
- 2012
12. Selected topics on parton distribution functions
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H. Kawamura, K. Saito, S. Kumano, and M. Hirai
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Quark ,Physics ,Particle physics ,Nuclear Theory ,Hadron ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Drell–Yan process ,Parton ,Strangeness ,Standard Model ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,Distribution function ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) ,Nucleon ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
We report recent studies on structure functions of the nucleon and nuclei. First, clustering effects are investigated in the structure function F_2 of Be-9 for explaining an unusual nuclear correction found in a JLab experiment. We propose that high densities created by formation of clustering structure like 2*alpha+neutron in Be-9 is the origin of the unexpected JLab result by using the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD). There is an approved proposal at JLab to investigate the structure functions of light nuclei including the cluster structure, so that much details will become clear in a few years. Second, tensor-polarized quark and antiquark distributions are obtained by analyzing HERMES measurements on the structure function b_1 for the deuteron. The result suggests a finite tensor polarization for antiquark distributions, which is an interesting topic for further theoretical and experimental investigations. An experimental proposal exists at JLab for measuring b_1 of the deuteron as a new tensor-structure study in 2010's. Furthermore, the antiquark tensor polarization could be measured by polarized deuteron Drell-Yan processes at hadron facilities such as J-PARC and GSI-FAIR. Third, the recent CDF dijet anomaly is investigated within the standard model by considering possible modifications of the strange-quark distribution. We find that the shape of a dijet-mass spectrum changes depending on the strange-quark distribution. It indicates that the CDF excess could be partially explained as a PDF effect, particularly by the strangeness in the nucleon, within the standard model if the excess at m_{jj}~140 GeV is not a sharp peak., 8 pages, LaTeX, to be published in AIP proceedings, 8th Circum-Pan-Pacific Symposium on High Energy Spin Physics, June 20-24, 2011, Cairns, Australia
- Published
- 2011
13. Numerical solution of $Q^2$ evolution equations for fragmentation functions
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S. Kumano and M. Hirai
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Quark ,Physics ,Quantum chromodynamics ,Particle physics ,Nuclear Theory ,Hadron ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,General Physics and Astronomy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Exotic hadron ,Gluon ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Renormalization ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,DGLAP ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,Hardware and Architecture ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Statistical physics ,Nucleon ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
Semi-inclusive hadron-production processes are becoming important in high-energy hadron reactions. They are used for investigating properties of quark-hadron matters in heavy-ion collisions, for finding the origin of nucleon spin in polarized lepton-nucleon and nucleon-nucleon reactions, and possibly for finding exotic hadrons. In describing the hadron-production cross sections in high-energy reactions, fragmentation functions are essential quantities. A fragmentation function indicates the probability of producing a hadron from a parton in the leading order of the running coupling constant $\alpha_s$. Its $Q^2$ dependence is described by the standard DGLAP (Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi) evolution equations, which are often used in theoretical and experimental analyses of the fragmentation functions and in calculating semi-inclusive cross sections. The DGLAP equations are complicated integro-differential equations, which cannot be solved in an analytical method. In this work, a simple method is employed for solving the evolution equations by using Gauss-Legendre quadrature for evaluating integrals, and a useful code is provided for calculating the $Q^2$ evolution of the fragmentation functions in the leading order (LO) and next-to-leading order (NLO) of $\alpha_s$. The renormalization scheme is $\overline{MS}$ in the NLO evolution. Our evolution code is explained for using it in one's studies on the fragmentation functions., Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures, To be published in Computer Physics Communications
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- 2011
14. Recent progress on nuclear parton distribution functions
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M. Hirai, S. Kumano, and K. Saito
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Physics ,Nuclear reaction ,Quark ,Nuclear Theory ,Hadron ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,Nuclear structure ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Parton ,Deep inelastic scattering ,Gluon ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,Nuclear physics ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) ,Neutrino ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
We report current status of global analyses on nuclear parton distribution functions (NPDFs). The optimum NPDFs are determined by analyzing high-energy nuclear reaction data. Due to limited experimental measurements, antiquark modifications have large uncertainties at x>0.2 and gluon modifications cannot be determined. A nuclear modification difference between u and d quark distributions could be an origin of the long-standing NuTeV sin^2 theta_w anomaly. There is also an issue of nuclear modification differences between the structure functions of charged-lepton and neutrino reactions. Next, nuclear clustering effects are discussed in structure functions F_2^A as a possible explanation for an anomalous result in the Be-9 nucleus at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab). Last, tensor-polarized quark and antiquark distribution functions are extracted from HERMES data on the polarized structure function b_1 of the deuteron, and they could be used for testing theoretical models and for proposing future experiments, for example, the one at JLab. Such measurements could open a new field of spin physics in spin-one hadrons., 9 pages, LaTeX, 11 eps files, to be published in APS Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Nucleon Structure at Large Bjorken x, Newport News, Virginia, USA, October 13-15, 2010
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- 2011
15. Determination of fragmentation functions and their application to exotic-hadron search
- Author
-
S. Kumano and M. Hirai
- Subjects
Quark ,Quantum chromodynamics ,Physics ,Coupling constant ,Particle physics ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Nuclear Theory ,Electron–positron annihilation ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,Fragmentation (computing) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Exotic hadron ,Gluon ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,Pion ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
We discuss studies on determination of fragmentation functions and an application to exotic-hadron search by using characteristic differences between favored and disfavored functions. The optimum fragmentation functions are determined for pion, kaon, and proton in the leading order (LO) and next-to-leading order (NLO) of the running coupling constant alpha_s by global analyses of hadron-production data in electron-positron annihilation. Various parametrization results are much different in disfavored-quark and gluon fragmentation functions; however, we show that they are within uncertainties of the determined functions by using the Hessian method for uncertainty estimation. We find that the uncertainties are especially large in the disfavored-quark and gluon fragmentation functions. NLO improvements are explicitly shown in the determination by comparing uncertainties of the LO and NLO functions. Next, we propose to use differences between favored and disfavored fragmentation functions for determining internal quark configurations of exotic hadrons. We make a global analysis for f_0 (980) for finding its internal configuration; however, uncertainties are too large to specify the structure at this stage., 8 pages, LaTeX, 7 eps files, Progress of Theoretical Physics, Supplement in press. Proceedings of New Frontiers in QCD 2010 - Exotic Hadron Systems and Dense Matter -, Jan.18 - Mar.19, 2010, Kyoto, Japan
- Published
- 2010
16. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition during treadmill exercise reveals fiber-type specific vascular control in the rat hindlimb
- Author
-
K. Sue Hageman, Daniel M. Hirai, David C. Poole, Steven W. Copp, and Timothy I. Musch
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Arginine ,Physiology ,Muscle Fibers, Skeletal ,Physical exercise ,Vasodilation ,Blood Pressure ,Hindlimb ,Nitric oxide ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Heart Rate ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,Physical Conditioning, Animal ,medicine ,Animals ,Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Rats, Wistar ,Muscle, Skeletal ,biology ,Endothelium-derived relaxing factor ,Hemodynamics ,Anatomy ,Articles ,Rats ,Nitric oxide synthase ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ,chemistry ,Regional Blood Flow ,biology.protein ,Vascular resistance ,Female ,Vascular Resistance ,Nitric Oxide Synthase - Abstract
The control of vascular tone during exercise is highly complex and integrated. Specifically, in regards to the contribution of nitric oxide (NO), the observed magnitude and muscle fiber-type dependency of the NO contribution to exercise hyperemia may differ depending on the timing of NO synthase (NOS) inhibition with respect to the exercise bout (i.e., administration prior to vs. during exercise). We tested the hypothesis that, in the presence of prior cyclooxygenase inhibition (indomethacin, 5 mg/kg-1), NOS inhibition ( NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, l-NAME; 10 mg/kg) administered during submaximal treadmill exercise would blunt blood flow and vascular conductance (VC) in the hindlimb muscle(s) of the rat with the greatest reductions in blood flow and VC occurring in the predominantly oxidative muscles. Adult female Wistar rats ( n = 10, age: 3–4 mo) ran on a motor-driven treadmill (20 m/min, 10% grade). Total and regional hindlimb muscle blood flow and VC were determined via radiolabeled microspheres before (control) and after l-NAME administration during exercise. l-NAME reduced ( P < 0.05) total hindlimb muscle blood flow (control: 123 ± 10, l-NAME: 103 ± 7 ml·min−1·100g−1) and VC (control: 0.95 ± 0.09, l-NAME: 0.63 ± 0.05 ml·min−1·100g−1·mmHg−1). There was a significant correlation ( r = 0.51, P < 0.05) between the absolute reductions in VC after l-NAME and the percent sum of type I and IIa fibers in the individual muscles and muscle parts; however, there was no correlation ( P = 0.62) when expressed as blood flow. Surprisingly, the highly oxidative muscles demonstrated a marked ability to maintain oxygen delivery, which differs substantially from previous reports of l-NAME infusion prior to exercise in these muscles. The demonstration that NO is an important regulator of blood flow and VC in the rat hindlimb during treadmill exercise, but that the fiber-type dependency of NO is altered markedly when NOS inhibition is performed during, vs. prior to, exercise, lends important insights into the integrated nature of vascular control during exercise.
- Published
- 2009
17. Nuclear effects in neutrino-nucleus DIS
- Author
-
M. Hirai, S. Kumano, K. Saito, Federico Sanchez, M. Sorel, and Luis Alvarez-Ruso
- Subjects
Physics ,Quark ,Quantum chromodynamics ,Particle physics ,Nuclear Theory ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Parton ,Deep inelastic scattering ,Gluon ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Neutrino ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) ,Nucleon ,Neutrino oscillation ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
We explain the current status of nuclear parton distribution functions in connection with neutrino-nucleus interactions. Neutrino deep inelastic scattering (DIS) measurements have been done for heavy nuclear targets such as iron and lead. In order to extract structure functions of the nucleon, one needs to remove nuclear effects from the data. However, recent studies indicate that there are inconsistencies in nuclear modifications between charged-lepton and neutrino scattering measurements. Nuclear medium effects could be also an origin for the NuTeV anomaly in the weak-mixing angle. In addition, the modifications could affect neutrino-oscillation experiments because some DIS events of neutrino-oxygen nucleus interactions are contained. On the other hand, the nuclear medium effects themselves are interesting and important for describing nuclei in terms of quark and gluon degrees of freedom., 8 pages, LaTeX, 9 eps files, to be published in AIP conference proceedings
- Published
- 2009
18. Determination of gluon polarization from deep inelastic scattering and collider data
- Author
-
M. Hirai and S. Kumano
- Subjects
Quark ,Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Particle physics ,Nuclear Theory ,Scattering ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Parton ,Spin structure ,Deep inelastic scattering ,Gluon ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,Nuclear physics ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,Distribution function ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) ,Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
We investigate impact of $\pi^0$-production data at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and future E07-011 experiment for the structure function $g_1$ of the deuteron at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) on studies of nucleonic spin structure, especially on the polarized gluon distribution function. By global analyses of polarized lepton-nucleon scattering and the $\pi^0$-production data, polarized parton distribution functions are determined and their uncertainties are estimated by the Hessian method. Two types of the gluon distribution function are investigated. One is a positive distribution and the other is a node-type distribution which changes sign at $x \sim 0.1$. Although the RHIC $\pi^0$ data seem to favor the node type for $\Delta g(x)$, it is difficult to determine a precise functional form from the current data. However, it is interesting to find that the gluon distribution $\Delta g(x)$ is positive at large $x$ ($>0.2$) due to constraints from the scaling violation in $g_1$ and RHIC $\pi^0$ data. The JLab-E07-011 measurements for $g_1^d$ should be also able to reduce the gluon uncertainty, and the reduction is comparable to the one by RUN-5 $\pi^0$-production data at RHIC. The reduction is caused by the error correlation between polarized antiquark and gluon distributions and by a next-to-leading-order (NLO) gluonic effect in the structure function $g_1^d$. We find that the JLab-E07-011 data are accurate enough to probe the NLO gluonic term in $g_1$. Both RHIC and JLab data contribute to better determination of the polarized gluon distribution in addition to improvement on polarized quark and antiquark distributions., Comment: 11 pages, 9 eps figures, To be published in Nuclear Physics B. AAC08 FORTRAN package is available at the web site http://spin.riken.bnl.gov/aac/
- Published
- 2008
19. Determination of f_0(980) Structure by Fragmentation Functions
- Author
-
Makoto Oka, Kazutaka Sudoh, M. Hirai, and S. Kumano
- Subjects
Quark ,Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Particle physics ,Statistics::Theory ,Meson ,Nuclear Theory ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Exotic hadron ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,Fragmentation (mass spectrometry) ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
We discuss internal structure of an exotic hadron by using fragmentation functions. The fragmentation functions for the f_0(980) meson are obtained by a global analysis of e^++e^- \to f_0+X data. Quark configuration of the f_0(980) could be determined by peak positions and second moments of the obtained fragmentation functions., 4page, 2eps figures, To appear in the proceedings of Chiral Symmetry in Hadron and Nuclear Physics (Chiral 07), Osaka, Japan, 13-16 Nov. 2007
- Published
- 2008
20. Determination of fragmentation functions and their uncertainties
- Author
-
K. Sudoh, T.-H. Nagai, M. Hirai, and S. Kumano
- Subjects
Physics ,Quantum chromodynamics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Particle physics ,Annihilation ,Nuclear Theory ,Electron–positron annihilation ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,Order (ring theory) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Gluon ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear physics ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,Pion ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,Production (computer science) ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) ,Nuclear Experiment ,Lepton - Abstract
Fragmentation functions and their uncertainties are determined for pion, kaon, and proton by a global $��^2$ analysis of charged-hadron production data in electron-positron annihilation and by the Hessian method for error estimation. It is especially important that the uncertainties of the fragmentation functions are estimated in this analysis. The results indicate that the fragmentation functions, especially gluon and light-quark fragmentation functions, have large uncertainties at small $Q^2$. There are large differences between widely-used functions by KKP (Kniehl, Kramer, and P��tter) and Kretzer; however, they are compatible with each other and also with our functions if the uncertainties are taken into account. We find that determination of the fragmentation functions is improved in next-to-leading-order (NLO) analyses for the pion and kaon in comparison with leading-order ones. Such a NLO improvement is not obvious in the proton. Since the uncertainties are large at small $Q^2$, the uncertainty estimation is very important for analyzing hadron-production data at small $Q^2$ or $p_T$ ($Q^2, p_T^2 << M_Z^2$) in lepton scattering and hadron-hadron collisions. A code is available for general users for calculating obtained fragmentation functions., 16 pages, 15 figures, revtex. to be published in Phys. Rev. D
- Published
- 2007
21. Determination of polarized parton distribution functions with recent data on polarization asymmetries
- Author
-
Norihito Saito, M. Hirai, and S. Kumano
- Subjects
Physics ,Quantum chromodynamics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Particle physics ,Nuclear Theory ,Scattering ,media_common.quotation_subject ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Parton ,Polarization (waves) ,Asymmetry ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,Nuclear physics ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,Distribution function ,Neutron ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) ,Nuclear Experiment ,Lepton ,media_common - Abstract
Global analysis has been performed within the next-to-leading order in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) to determine polarized parton distributions with new experimental data in spin asymmetries. The new data set includes JLab, HERMES, and COMPASS measurements on spin asymmetry A_1 for the neutron and deuteron in lepton scattering. Our new analysis also utilizes the double-spin asymmetry for pi^0 production in polarized pp collisions, A_{LL}^{pi^0}, measured by the PHENIX collaboration. Because of these new data, uncertainties of the polarized PDFs are reduced. In particular, the JLab, HERMES, and COMPASS measurements are valuable for determining Delta d_v(x) at large x and Delta qbar(x) at x~0.1. The PHENIX pi^0 data significantly reduce the uncertainty of Delta g(x). Furthermore, we discuss a possible constraint on Delta g(x) at large x by using the HERMES data on g_1^d in comparison with the COMPASS ones at x~0.05., 11 pages, REVTeX, 13 eps files, Phys. Rev. D in press
- Published
- 2006
22. Global analysis of AAC for determining polarized parton distribution functions
- Author
-
Norihito Saito, M. Hirai, and S. Kumano
- Subjects
Quark ,Physics ,Particle physics ,Proton ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Hadron ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,Nuclear Theory ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Parton ,Asymmetry ,Gluon ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,Distribution function ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Nucleon ,Nuclear Experiment ,media_common - Abstract
We report global analysis results for polarized parton distribution functions in the nucleon. The optimum distributions are determined by using spin asymmetry data on polarized lepton scattering on proton, neutron, and deuteron. Their uncertainties are estimated by the Hessian method. As a result, polarized quark distributions are relatively well determined, whereas the polarized gluon distribution has a large uncertainty band. We find that the obtained gluon distribution is compatible with recent \Delta g/g measurements in high-p_T hadron productions., Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures, to be published in the proceedings of the XVIIth Particles and Nuclei International Conference (PANIC), Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, October 24-28, 2005
- Published
- 2006
23. Fish-tail Effect and Irreversibility Field of (Cu,C)Ba$_{2}$Ca$_{3}$Cu$_{4}$O$_{x}$-(LiF)$_{y}$ superconductor
- Author
-
M. Hirai, H. Kito, G. Aldica, A. Iyo, Viorel Sandu, Petre Badica, and Y. Tanaka
- Subjects
Superconductivity ,Physics ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Field (physics) ,Condensed matter physics ,Condensed Matter - Superconductivity ,Doping ,Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con) ,Magnetization ,Crystallography ,Content (measure theory) ,%22">Fish ,Single phase - Abstract
Addition of (LiF)$_{y, 28 pages, accepted to J. Supercond
- Published
- 2005
24. Nuclear corrections of parton distribution functions
- Author
-
M. Hirai, S. Kumano, and T.-H. Nagai
- Subjects
Nuclear reaction ,Hessian matrix ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Particle physics ,Nuclear Theory ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Parton ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,symbols.namesake ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) ,Nuclear Experiment ,Physics ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,Sigma ,Order (ring theory) ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Gluon ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,Distribution function ,symbols ,High Energy Physics::Experiment - Abstract
We report global analysis results of experimental data for nuclear structure-function ratios F_2^A/F_2^{A'} and proton-nucleus Drell-Yan cross-section ratios sigma_{DY}^{pA}/sigma_{DY}^{pA'} in order to determine optimum parton distribution functions (PDFs) in nuclei. An important point of this analysis is to show uncertainties of the distributions by the Hessian method. The results indicate that the uncertainties are large for gluon distributions in the whole x region and for antiquark distributions at x>0.2. We provide a code for calculating any nuclear PDFs at given x and Q^2 for general users. They can be used for calculating high-energy nuclear reactions including neutrino-nucleus interactions, which are discussed at this workshop., 1+6 pages, LaTeX, 10 eps files, espcrc2.sty, to be published in Nucl. Phys. B Supplements, Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions in the Few GeV Region (NuInt04), Gran Sasso, Italy, March 17-21, 2004. Nuclear PDF library is available at http://hs.phys.saga-u.ac.jp/nuclp.html
- Published
- 2004
25. Parametrization of nuclear parton distributions
- Author
-
M. Miyama, M. Hirai, and S. Kumano
- Subjects
Quark ,Nuclear reaction ,Physics ,Particle physics ,Muon ,Nuclear Theory ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,General Physics and Astronomy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Parton ,Deep inelastic scattering ,Gluon ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,Distribution (mathematics) ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Nuclear Experiment ,Parametrization - Abstract
Optimum nuclear parton distributions are obtained by analyzing available experimental data on electron and muon deep inelastic scattering (DIS). The distributions are given at Q^2=1 GeV^2 with a number of parameters, which are determined by a chi^2 analysis of the data. Valence-quark distributions are relatively well determined at medium x, but they are slightly dependent on the assumed parametrization form particularly at small x. Although antiquark distributions are shadowed at small x, their behavior is not obvious at medium x from the F_2 data. The gluon distributions could not be restricted well by the inclusive DIS data; however, the analysis tends to support the gluon shadowing at small x. We provide analytical expressions and computer subroutines for calculating the nuclear parton distributions, so that other researchers could use them for applications to other high-energy nuclear reactions., 1+11 pages, LaTeX, amsmath.sty, wrapfig.sty, graphicx.sty, ias.cls, ias.sty, pramana.sty, pmana10.sty, pbib.sty, times.sty, 9 eps figures. Invited talk given at the International Symposium on Nuclear Physics, Mumbai, India, Dec. 18-22, 2000, to be published in proceedings. Complete postscript file is available at http://www-hs.phys.saga-u.ac.jp Email: hirai@hsg.phys.saga-u.ac.jp, kumanos@cc.saga-u.ac.jp, miyama@comp.metro-u.ac.jp
- Published
- 2001
26. Determination of nuclear parton distributions
- Author
-
M. Hirai, M. Miyama, and S. Kumano
- Subjects
Physics ,Quantum chromodynamics ,Mass number ,Quark ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Particle physics ,Nuclear Theory ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,Nuclear structure ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Parton ,Gluon ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,Nuclear physics ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,Deuterium ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Nucleon ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
Parametrization of nuclear parton distributions is investigated in the leading order of alpha_s. The parton distributions are provided at Q^2=1 GeV^2 with a number of parameters, which are determined by a chi^2 analysis of the data on nuclear structure functions. Quadratic or cubic functional form is assumed for the initial distributions. Although valence quark distributions in the medium x region are relatively well determined, the small x distributions depend slightly on the assumed functional form. It is difficult to determine the antiquark distributions at medium x and gluon distributions. From the analysis, we propose parton distributions at Q^2=1 GeV^2 for nuclei from deuteron to heavy ones with the mass number A~208. They are provided either analytical expressions or computer subroutines for practical usage. Our studies should be important for understanding the physics mechanism of the nuclear modification and also for applications to heavy-ion reactions. This kind of nuclear parametrization should also affect existing parametrization studies in the nucleon because "nuclear" data are partially used for obtaining the optimum distributions in the "nucleon"., 16 pages, REVTeX4b5, revtex4.cls, url.sty, natbib.sty, 10pt.rtx, aps.rtx, revsymb.sty, 21 eps figures. Submitted for publication. Computer codes for the nuclear parton distributions could be obtained from http://www-hs.phys.saga-u.ac.jp Email: kumanos@cc.saga-u.ac.jp
- Published
- 2001
27. Isobaric analog state of $^14$ Be
- Author
-
S. Takeuchi, S. Shimoura, T. Motobayashi, H. Akiyoshi, Y. Ando, N. Aoi, Zs. Fü, T. Gomi, Y. Higurashi, M. Hirai, N. Iwasa, H. Iwasaki, Y. Iwata, H. Kobayashi, M. Kurokawa, Z. Liu, T. Minemura, S. Ozawa, H. Sakurai, M. Serata, T. Teranishi, K. Yamada, Y. Yanagisawa, and M. Ishihara
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Radioactive beam experiment ,Nuclear Theory ,Charge-exchange reactions ,Halo structure ,Isobaric analog state ,Halo nucleus ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Fragmentation (mass spectrometry) ,Excited state ,medicine ,Coulomb ,Isobaric process ,Coulomb displacement energy ,Halo ,Atomic physics ,Wave function ,Nuclear Experiment ,Nucleus ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,Nuclear Physics - Abstract
The halo structure of the neutron-dripline nucleus 14Be has been investigated by various approaches, such as the interaction cross section measurement, dissociation reaction and 14Be fragmentation. In the recent plausible view, the mixing of s and d-wave components in the halo wave function has been suggested. In the present study, the halo structure of 14Be was investigated by measuring its Isobaric Analog State (IAS). Since the wave function of the IAS is essentially the same as that of its isobaric partner, possible exotic natures of 14Be may be traced in properties of the IAS such as the Coulomb displacement energy (ΔE C) and the width of the IAS. The IAS of the 14Be was excited by the charge-exchange reaction which was successfully applied to the neutron-dripline nucleus 11Li and obtained the halo properties [1, 2]. In the present study, applying this reaction to 14Be, we have measured the 14Be(p,n)14B* reaction in inverse kinematics at E in = 74 A MeV [3].
- Published
- 2001
28. Parametrization of polarized parton distribution functions
- Author
-
M. Hirai
- Subjects
Physics ,Particle physics ,Nuclear Theory ,media_common.quotation_subject ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Parton ,Deep inelastic scattering ,Asymmetry ,Gluon ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Set (abstract data type) ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,Distribution function ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Nuclear Experiment ,Parametrization ,media_common - Abstract
Polarized parton distribution functions are determined by using asymmetry A_1 data from longitudinally polarized deep inelastic scattering experiments. From our \chi^2 analysis, polarized u-valence, d-valence, antiquark, and gluon distributions are obtained. We propose one set of leading-order distributions and two sets of next-to-leading-order ones as the longitudinally-polarized parton distribution functions., Comment: 1+6 pages LATEX, sprocl.sty, epsfig.sty, wrapfig.sty, 4 eps figures. Talk at the RCNP-TMU Symposium on "Spins in Nuclear and Hadronic Reactions", Tokyo, Japan, Oct.26-28, 1999, to be published in proceedings. Complete postscript file is available at http://www-hs.phys.saga-u.ac.jp Email: 98td25@edu.cc.saga-u.ac.jp
- Published
- 2000
29. Numerical solution of Q^2 evolution equation for the transversity distribution Delta_T q
- Author
-
M. Miyama, M. Hirai, and S. Kumano
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear Theory ,Fortran ,Numerical analysis ,Mathematical analysis ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Drell–Yan process ,Parton ,Polarization (waves) ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,Renormalization ,Euler method ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,symbols.namesake ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,DGLAP ,Hardware and Architecture ,symbols ,computer ,computer.programming_language - Abstract
We investigate numerical solution of the Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli- Parisi (DGLAP) Q^2 evolution equation for the transversity distribution Delta_T q or the structure function h_1. The leading-order (LO) and next-to- leading-order (NLO) evolution equations are studied. The renormalization scheme is MS or overline{MS} in the NLO case. Dividing the variables x and Q^2 into small steps, we solve the integrodifferential equations by the Euler method in the variable Q^2 and by the Simpson method in the variable x. Numerical results indicate that accuracy is better than 1% in the region 10^{-5}, Comment: 1+29 pages, LaTeX2e, epsfig.sty, amsmath.sty, 6 eps figures. Submitted for publication. Complete postscript file is available at ftp://ftp.cc.saga-u.ac.jp/pub/paper/riko/quantum1 or at http://www.cc.saga-u.ac.jp/saga-u/riko/physics/quantum1/structure.html Our evolution program may be obtained upon email request. (See the WWW home page for the details.) Email: 96sm18@edu.cc.saga-u.ac.jp, kumanos@cc.saga-u.ac.jp, 96td25@edu.cc.saga-u.ac.jp
- Published
- 1997
30. Development of separated elastic stockings.
- Author
-
M. Hirai, H. Iwata, K. Miyazaki, A. Koyama, and H. Nakamura
- Subjects
- *
COMPRESSION stockings , *CHI-squared test , *COMMERCIAL product evaluation , *CONSUMER attitudes , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *SCALE analysis (Psychology) , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the acceptability of newly developed separated elastic stockings, which are divided into two portions at the ankle. Methods: The difficulty in putting on and taking off stockings was compared between the original or modified separated stockings with various techniques in order to reduce the shift of the stockings and current non-separated stockings in healthy volunteers and patients with lymphoedema by applying both stockings alternately. In the modified model, the shift during daily activities was measured in healthy volunteers and patients with lymphoedema. Results: The two items, 'easier compared with non-separated stockings' and 'much easier', were chosen at rates of 75% and 81% for putting on and taking off stockings for the original separated stockings and 75% and 75% for the modified separated stockings, respectively. Complaints during daily activities with the modified type to the stockings decreased as compared with the original type. The shift of stockings after an average 11-hour application was 1.6 ± 3.0 SD mm (range: 0-10 mm). Conclusions: Modified separated elastic stockings are easier to put on and take off compared with current non-separated stockings, and they can be used safely because of their low-level shift during daily activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Fibroblast growth enhancing activity of tumor necrosis factor and its relationship to other polypeptide growth factors
- Author
-
D. Henriksen-Destefano, M Hirai, Rena Feinman, Jan Vilcek, C Swenson, Vito J. Palombella, and Masafumi Tsujimoto
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Immunology ,Stimulation ,Biology ,Epidermal growth factor ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Humans ,Insulin ,Growth Substances ,Cells, Cultured ,Glycoproteins ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Epidermal Growth Factor ,Cell growth ,Contact Inhibition ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,Growth factor ,Cell Cycle ,Contact inhibition ,Biological activity ,Articles ,Fibroblasts ,Recombinant Proteins ,Endocrinology ,Tumor necrosis factor alpha - Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a monocyte-derived protein cytotoxic or cytostatic for some tumor cell lines. Here we show that highly purified E. coli-derived recombinant human TNF stimulated the growth of human FS-4 diploid fibroblasts. Stimulation of cell growth was demonstrable at a TNF concentration of 10 pg/ml (3 X 10(-13) M). Maximal stimulation was attained at TNF concentrations of 10 ng/ml (3 X 10(-10) M) or higher. Growth-stimulatory activity of TNF was inhibited by an mAb neutralizing the cytotoxic activity of TNF. Growth stimulation was not inhibited by another mAb specific for TNF, lacking neutralizing activity for the cytotoxic activity of TNF. Growth stimulation by TNF was more marked and more sustained in the presence of greater than or equal to 10% FCS than in medium with less than or equal to 5% FCS. Addition of TNF to confluent FS-4 cultures also produced a marked stimulation of cell growth in the presence of fresh FCS, while a much less marked stimulation was seen in the absence of FCS. Stimulation of confluent cultures by TNF in serum-free medium was enhanced by insulin, suggesting that insulin or insulin-like growth factor(s) in the serum can act synergistically with TNF in producing growth stimulation. While the growth-stimulatory effects of TNF and insulin were synergistic, the actions of TNF and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were less than additive, suggesting that TNF and EGF may activate identical or similar pathways. We conclude that stimulation of cell growth is probably a physiological function of TNF, and that the cytotoxic and cytostatic actions of TNF may be the result of an anomalous growth signal transduction in neoplastic cells lacking the constraints of normal growth control mechanisms.
- Published
- 1986
32. Saposins: structure, function, distribution, and molecular genetics.
- Author
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Y Kishimoto, M Hiraiwa, and JS O'Brien
- Subjects
Biochemistry ,QD415-436 - Abstract
Saposins A, B, C, and D are small heat-stable glycoproteins derived from a common precursor protein, prosaposin. These mature saposins, as well as prosaposin, activate several lysosomal hydrolases involved in the metabolism of various sphingolipids. All four saposins are structurally similar to one another including placement of six cysteines, a glycosylation site, and conserved prolines in identical positions. In spite of the structural similarities, the specificity and mode of activation of sphingolipid hydrolases differs among individual saposins. Saposins appear to be lysosomal proteins, exerting their action upon lysosomal hydrolases. Prosaposin is a 70 kDa glycoprotein containing four domains, one for each saposin, placed in tandem. Prosaposin is proteolytically processed to saposins A, B, C and D, apparently within lysosomes. However, prosaposin also exists as an integral membrane protein not destined for lysosomal entry and exists uncleaved in many biological fluids such as seminal plasma, human milk, and cerebrospinal fluid, where it appears to have a different function. The physiological significance of saposins is underlined by their accumulation in tissues of lysosomal storage disease patients and the occurrence of sphingolipidosis due to mutations in the prosaposin gene. This review presents an overview of the occurrence, structure and function of these saposin proteins.
- Published
- 1992
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33. Towards a unified model of neutrino-nucleus reactions for neutrino oscillation experiments.
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S X Nakamura, H Kamano, Y Hayato, M Hirai, W Horiuchi, S Kumano, T Murata, K Saito, M Sakuda, T Sato, and Y Suzuki
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PARTICLES (Nuclear physics) ,NEUTRINO oscillation ,NEUTRINO mass ,QUASI-elastic scattering ,DEGREES of freedom - Abstract
A precise description of neutrino-nucleus reactions will play a key role in addressing fundamental questions such as the leptonic CP violation and the neutrino mass hierarchy through analyzing data from next-generation neutrino oscillation experiments. The neutrino energy relevant to the neutrino-nucleus reactions spans a broad range and, accordingly, the dominant reaction mechanism varies across the energy region from quasi-elastic scattering through nucleon resonance excitations to deep inelastic scattering. This corresponds to transitions of the effective degree of freedom for theoretical description from nucleons through meson-baryon to quarks. The main purpose of this review is to report our recent efforts towards a unified description of the neutrino-nucleus reactions over the wide energy range; recent overall progress in the field is also sketched. Starting with an overview of the current status of neutrino-nucleus scattering experiments, we formulate the cross section to be commonly used for the reactions over all the energy regions. A description of the neutrino-nucleon reactions follows and, in particular, a dynamical coupled-channels model for meson productions in and beyond the (1232) region is discussed in detail. We then discuss the neutrino-nucleus reactions, putting emphasis on our theoretical approaches. We start the discussion with electroweak processes in few-nucleon systems studied with the correlated Gaussian method. Then we describe quasi-elastic scattering with nuclear spectral functions, and meson productions with a -hole model. Nuclear modifications of the parton distribution functions determined through a global analysis are also discussed. Finally, we discuss issues to be addressed for future developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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34. Preliminary study for future ESR dating of solid SO 2
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K. Kanosue, M. Hirai, and M. Ikeya
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- 1996
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35. Acute effects of leg heat therapy on walking performance and cardiovascular and inflammatory responses to exercise in patients with peripheral artery disease
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Jacob C. Monroe, Qifan Song, Michael S. Emery, Daniel M. Hirai, Raghu L. Motaganahalli, and Bruno T. Roseguini
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blood pressure ,endothelin‐1 ,heat therapy ,intermittent claudication ,peripheral artery disease ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
Abstract Lower‐extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and impaired exercise tolerance. We have previously reported that leg heat therapy (HT) applied using liquid‐circulating trousers perfused with warm water increases leg blood flow and reduces blood pressure (BP) and the circulating levels of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) in patients with symptomatic PAD. In this sham‐controlled, randomized, crossover study, sixteen patients with symptomatic PAD (age 65 ± 5.7 years and ankle‐brachial index: 0.69 ± 0.1) underwent a single 90‐min session of HT or a sham treatment prior to a symptom‐limited, graded cardiopulmonary exercise test on the treadmill. The primary outcome was the peak walking time (PWT) during the exercise test. Secondary outcomes included the claudication onset time (COT), resting and exercise BP, calf muscle oxygenation, pulmonary oxygen uptake (V̇O2), and plasma levels of ET‐1, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α). Systolic, but not diastolic BP, was significantly lower (~7 mmHg, p
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- 2021
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36. Submaximal exercise cardiac output is increased by 4 weeks of sprint interval training in young healthy males with low initial Q̇-V̇O2: Importance of cardiac response phenotype.
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Robert F Bentley, Joshua H Jones, Daniel M Hirai, Joel T Zelt, Matthew D Giles, James P Raleigh, Joe Quadrilatero, Brendon J Gurd, J Alberto Neder, and Michael E Tschakovsky
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Cardiovascular adaptations to exercise, particularly at the individual level, remain poorly understood. Previous group level research suggests the relationship between cardiac output and oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]) is unaffected by training as submaximal [Formula: see text] is unchanged. We recently identified substantial inter-individual variation in the exercise [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] relationship that was correlated to stroke volume (SV) as opposed to arterial oxygen content. Therefore we explored the effects of sprint interval training (SIT) on modulating [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] given an individual's specific [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] relationship. 22 (21±2 yrs) healthy, recreationally active males participated in a 4-week SIT (8, 20 second sprints; 4x/week, 170% of the work rate at [Formula: see text] peak) study with progressive exercise tests (PET) until exhaustion. Cardiac output ([Formula: see text] L/min; inert gas rebreathe, Finometer Modelflow™), oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text] L/min; breath-by-breath pulmonary gas exchange), quadriceps oxygenation (near infrared spectroscopy) and exercise tolerance (6-20; Borg Scale RPE) were measured throughout PET both before and after training. Data are mean Δ from bsl±SD. Higher [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) and lower [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) responders were identified post hoc (n = 8/group). SIT increased the [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] post-training in [Formula: see text] (3.8±0.2 vs. 4.7±0.2; P = 0.02) while [Formula: see text] was unaffected (5.8±0.1 vs. 5.3±0.6; P = 0.5). [Formula: see text] was elevated beyond 80 watts in [Formula: see text] due to a greater increase in SV (all P0.1). In contrast to [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] responders are capable of improving submaximal [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] in response to SIT via increased SV. However, the increased submaximal exercise [Formula: see text] does not benefit exercising muscle oxygenation.
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- 2019
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37. Does Impaired O2 Delivery During Exercise Accentuate Central and Peripheral Fatigue in Patients with Coexistent COPD-CHF?
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Mayron F. Oliveira, Joel T. J. Zelt, Joshua H. Jones, Daniel M. Hirai, Dennis E. O'Donnell, Samuel eVerges, and J. Alberto eNeder
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Respiratory Muscles ,oxygenation ,skeletal muscle ,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ,chronic heart failure ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
Impairment in oxygen (O2) delivery to the central nervous system (brain) and skeletal locomotor muscle during exercise has been associated with central and peripheral neuromuscular fatigue in healthy humans. From a clinical perspective, impaired tissue O2 transport is a key pathophysiological mechanism shared by cardiopulmonary diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic heart failure (CHF). In addition to arterial hypoxemic conditions in COPD, there is growing evidence that cerebral and muscle blood flow and oxygenation can be reduced during exercise in both isolated COPD and CHF. Compromised cardiac output due to impaired cardiopulmonary function/interactions and blood flow redistribution to the overloaded respiratory muscles (i.e., ↑work of breathing) may underpin these abnormalities. Unfortunately, COPD and CHF coexist in almost a third of elderly patients making these mechanisms potentially more relevant to exercise intolerance. In this context, it remains unknown whether decreased O2 delivery accentuates neuromuscular manifestations of central and peripheral fatigue in coexistent COPD-CHF. If this holds true, it is conceivable that delivering a low-density gas mixture (heliox) through non-invasive positive pressure ventilation could ameliorate cardiopulmonary function/interactions and reduce the work of breathing during exercise in these patients. The major consequence would be increased O2 delivery to the brain and active muscles with potential benefits to exercise capacity (i.e., ↓central and peripheral neuromuscular fatigue, respectively). We therefore hypothesize that patients with coexistent COPD-CHF stop exercising prematurely due to impaired central motor drive and muscle contractility as the cardiorespiratory system fails to deliver sufficient O2 to simultaneously attend the metabolic demands of the brain and the active limb muscles.
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- 2015
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38. Sisters in Literature : Female Sexuality in Antigone, Middlemarch, Howards End and Women in Love
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M. Hirai and M. Hirai
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- Sex in literature, Women in literature, Antigone (Greek mythology) in literature, Sisters in literature, English fiction--History and criticism
- Abstract
A unique study of how novels by Lawrence, Forster and George Eliot can be read as rewritings of Sophocles's Antigone : each is presented as a socially and sexually involving argument between two sisters. The author provides an interconnected case-study where each text works on the hidden meanings of the other. Female sexuality, expressed through the language of duality (vulnerability, frustration, submission and destructivity, consummation and rebirth), becomes an ideal vehicle for crossing the barriers between sexes and between societies, as between the texts themselves.
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- 1998
39. Early detection of pancreatic cancer by comprehensive serum miRNA sequencing with automated machine learning.
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Kawai M, Fukuda A, Otomo R, Obata S, Minaga K, Asada M, Umemura A, Uenoyama Y, Hieda N, Morita T, Minami R, Marui S, Yamauchi Y, Nakai Y, Takada Y, Ikuta K, Yoshioka T, Mizukoshi K, Iwane K, Yamakawa G, Namikawa M, Sono M, Nagao M, Maruno T, Nakanishi Y, Hirai M, Kanda N, Shio S, Itani T, Fujii S, Kimura T, Matsumura K, Ohana M, Yazumi S, Kawanami C, Yamashita Y, Marusawa H, Watanabe T, Ito Y, Kudo M, and Seno H
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- Humans, Female, Male, Middle Aged, Aged, CA-19-9 Antigen blood, Case-Control Studies, Adult, Pancreatic Neoplasms blood, Pancreatic Neoplasms genetics, Pancreatic Neoplasms diagnosis, Early Detection of Cancer methods, Machine Learning, MicroRNAs blood, Biomarkers, Tumor blood, Biomarkers, Tumor genetics
- Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer is often diagnosed at advanced stages, and early-stage diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is difficult because of nonspecific symptoms and lack of available biomarkers., Methods: We performed comprehensive serum miRNA sequencing of 212 pancreatic cancer patient samples from 14 hospitals and 213 non-cancerous healthy control samples. We randomly classified the pancreatic cancer and control samples into two cohorts: a training cohort (N = 185) and a validation cohort (N = 240). We created ensemble models that combined automated machine learning with 100 highly expressed miRNAs and their combination with CA19-9 and validated the performance of the models in the independent validation cohort., Results: The diagnostic model with the combination of the 100 highly expressed miRNAs and CA19-9 could discriminate pancreatic cancer from non-cancer healthy control with high accuracy (area under the curve (AUC), 0.99; sensitivity, 90%; specificity, 98%). We validated high diagnostic accuracy in an independent asymptomatic early-stage (stage 0-I) pancreatic cancer cohort (AUC:0.97; sensitivity, 67%; specificity, 98%)., Conclusions: We demonstrate that the 100 highly expressed miRNAs and their combination with CA19-9 could be biomarkers for the specific and early detection of pancreatic cancer., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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40. Regional Collaboration for Heart Failure Patients Certified as Needing Support or Care in Long-Term Care Insurance System.
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Kinugasa Y, Nakamura K, Hirai M, Manba M, Ishiga N, Sota T, Nakayama N, Ota T, Kato M, Adachi T, Fukuki M, Hirota Y, Mizuta E, Mura E, Nozaka Y, Omodani H, Tanaka H, Tanaka Y, Watanabe I, Mikami M, and Yamamoto K
- Abstract
Background: Heart failure (HF) patients with complex care needs often experience exacerbations during the transitional phase as care providers and settings change. Regional collaboration aims to ensure continuity of care; however, its impact on vulnerable patients certified as needing support or care under the Japanese long-term care insurance (LTCI) system remains unclear., Methods and Results: We implemented a regional collaborative program for HF patients involving 3 pillars of transitional care with general practitioners and nursing care facilities: (1) standardized health monitoring using a patient diary and identification of exacerbation warning signs; (2) standardized information sharing among care providers; and (3) standardized HF management manuals. We evaluated outcomes within 1 year of discharge for patients hospitalized with HF and referred to other facilities for outpatient follow-up in 2017-2018 before program implementation (n=110) and in 2019-2020 after implementation (n=126). Patients with LTCI frequently received non-cardiologist follow up and care services and had a higher risk of all-cause mortality and HF readmission compared with those without LTCI (P<0.05). Program implementation was significantly associated with a greater reduction in HF readmissions among patients with LTCI compared with those without (P<0.05 for interaction), although mortality rates remained unchanged., Conclusions: A regional collaborative program significantly reduces HF readmissions in HF patients with LTCI who are at high risk of worsening HF.
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- 2024
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41. Developmental process of the understanding of linguistic register in children: A comparison of typically developing children, autistic children, and children with Williams syndrome.
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Ikeda A, Hakuno Y, Asada K, Ikeda T, Yamagata T, and Hirai M
- Abstract
Although the developmental process of linguistic register-the appropriate manner of speech as determined by the listener and social situation-has been gradually clarified in typically developing (TD) children, research on the mechanism and developmental process of register acquisition in atypically developing children are insufficient. This study compared the developmental process of understanding linguistic register among TD children, autistic children, and those with Williams syndrome (WS), and examined the contributions of social cognition and motivation to the acquisition of linguistic register. Two experiments were designed to assess the recognition of which linguistic register to use when communicating with different listeners and of the listener's feelings according to the speakers' use of register. The results revealed that the process of understanding register-listener associations was nearly identical among all groups of children and their understanding improved with age. Conversely, their understanding of the effect of register selection on the listener's feelings varied. Importantly, as TD children mature, they become aware that adult listeners may feel negatively when spoken to in an inappropriate register, whereas autistic children and those with WS do not exhibit the same awareness. Thus, our results suggest that atypical social cognition and motivation do not disturb the understanding of register-listener associations. However, social cognition and motivation play important roles in understanding the effect of register selection on the listener's feelings. These findings provide a significant contribution to clarifying the mechanism of linguistic register acquisition., (© 2024 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2024
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42. Correction: A single-molecule counting approach for convenient and ultrasensitive measurement of restriction digest efficiencies.
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Zhang Y, Nunoura T, Nishiura D, Hirai M, Shimamura S, Kurosawa K, Ishiwata C, and Deguchi S
- Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244464.]., (Copyright: © 2024 Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
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- 2024
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43. Comparison of the Social Responsiveness Scale-2 among Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Williams Syndrome in Japan.
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Hirai M, Asada K, Kato T, Ikeda T, Hakuno Y, Ikeda A, Matsushima K, Awaya T, Okazaki S, Kato T, Funabiki Y, Murai T, Heike T, Hagiwara M, Yamagata T, Tomiwa K, and Kimura R
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Japan, Female, Child, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Preschool, Young Adult, Middle Aged, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Autism Spectrum Disorder psychology, Williams Syndrome psychology, Social Behavior
- Abstract
This study examined the similarities/differences between the social phenotypes of Williams syndrome (WS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). As cultural norms may affect symptom evaluation, this study administered the Social Responsiveness Scale-2 to Japanese individuals with WS (n = 78, 4.4-44.0 years) and ASD (n = 75, 4.7-55.4 years). The scores for Social Motivation and Social Communication were significantly more severe in the ASD than WS group. Overall, the similarities and differences between the social phenotypes of the syndromes were consistent with the findings of a recent study conducted in the UK, except for the social awareness subscale score. This highlights the importance of cross-cultural investigations of WS and ASD., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
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- 2024
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44. The water imbalance of skeletal muscle and muscle weakness in patients with heart failure.
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Nakamura K, Kinugasa Y, Sota T, Hirai M, Kato M, and Yamamoto K
- Abstract
Aims: A high extracellular water (ECW) to intracellular water (ICW) ratio of skeletal muscle as assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis is reportedly associated with loss of muscle strength. However, the validity of this index for heart failure (HF), which is likely associated with changes in the water distribution, is unclear., Methods and Results: This study involved 190 patients with HF. The total ECW and ICW of both upper and lower extremities were measured, and a high ECW/ICW ratio was defined as an ECW/ICW ratio higher than the median (≥0.636 for men, ≥0.652 for women). Low muscle strength was defined as reduced handgrip strength according to the criteria established by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Patients with a high ECW/ICW ratio had a lower handgrip strength (21.1 ± 8.1 kg vs. 27.6 ± 9.3 kg, P ≤ 0.05) and 6 min walk distance (329 ± 116 m vs. 440 ± 114 m) than those with a low ECW/ICW ratio. An increasing ECW and/or decreasing ICW was associated with a higher ECW/ICW ratio and a lower handgrip strength (P < 0.05). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, a high ECW/ICW ratio and low skeletal muscle mass were independently associated with low muscle strength (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: A high ECW/ICW ratio in limb muscles, that is, the water imbalance of increasing ECW and/or decreasing ICW, is useful in assessing muscle quality in patients with HF., (© 2024 The Author(s). ESC Heart Failure published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Society of Cardiology.)
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- 2024
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45. A longer-chain acylated derivative of Dictyostelium differentiation-inducing factor-1 enhances the antimalarial activity against Plasmodium parasites.
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Yoshida N, Kikuchi H, Hirai M, Balikagala B, Anywar DA, Taka H, Kaga N, Miura Y, Fukuda N, Odongo-Aginya EI, Kubohara Y, and Mita T
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Plasmodium berghei drug effects, Malaria drug therapy, Malaria parasitology, Dictyostelium drug effects, Acylation, Female, Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated, Antimalarials pharmacology, Hexanones pharmacology, Hexanones chemistry, Plasmodium falciparum drug effects
- Abstract
The spread of malarial parasites resistant to first-line treatments such as artemisinin combination therapies is a global health concern. Differentiation-inducing factor 1 (DIF-1) is a chlorinated alkylphenone (1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl) hexan-1-one) originally found in the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum. We previously showed that some derivatives of DIF-1, particularly DIF-1(+2) (1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl) octan-1-one), exert potent antimalarial activities. In this study, we synthesised DIF-1(+3) (1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl) nonan-1-one). We then evaluated the effects of DIF-1(+3) in vitro on Plasmodium falciparum and in vivo over 7 days (50-100 mg/kg/day) in a mouse model of Plasmodium berghei. DIF-1(+3) exhibited a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of approximately 20-30 % of DIF-1(+2) in three laboratory strains with a selectivity index > 263, including in strains resistant to chloroquine and artemisinin. Parasite growth and multiplication were almost completely suppressed by treatment with 100 mg/kg DIF-1(+3). The survival time of infected mice was significantly increased (P = 0.006) with no apparent adverse effects. In summary, addition of an acyl group to DIF-1(+2) to prepare DIF-1(+3) substantially enhanced antimalarial activity, even in drug-resistant malaria, indicating the potential of applying DIF-1(+3) for malaria treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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46. A serial Mediation Model of Depression and Drinking Motives Underlying Problem Drinking Among Hispanic College Women Following Rape.
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Hirai M, Vernon LL, and Dials AE
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Young Adult, Universities, Motivation, Adult, Crime Victims psychology, Adolescent, Alcohol Drinking psychology, Hispanic or Latino psychology, Rape psychology, Depression psychology, Students psychology, Students statistics & numerical data, Adaptation, Psychological
- Abstract
Problem drinking and depression are common following sexual assault. The current study applied a coping motives model of drinking and examined the association between rape experiences and problem drinking serially mediated by depression symptoms and coping-depression drinking motives among Hispanic college women. A total of 330 college women were classified into a single rape experience (SGL) group ( n = 44), a multiple rape experiences (MLT) group ( n = 70), and a no sexual assault experience group ( n = 221). Participants completed self-report measures online. Serial mediation analyses with multi-categorical predictors found that significantly increased alcohol consumptions in rape survivors compared to individuals with no sexual assault experience were largely explained by the serially connected underlying mechanisms of depression symptoms and coping-depression drinking motives. The prevalence rates of rape experiences in this Hispanic female sample are alarming, suggesting Hispanic college women as a particularly vulnerable group for rape. The current results contribute to a greater understanding of the effects of rape experiences on behavioral and emotional outcomes among young Hispanic women who have been underrepresented in sexual victimization research. The findings emphasize the importance of assessing depression symptoms and coping-depression drinking motives in Hispanic rape survivors to reduce risks for hazardous drinking behavior., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interests with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.
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- 2024
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47. Detection of drug-resistant malaria in resource-limited settings: efficient and high-throughput surveillance of artemisinin and partner drug resistance.
- Author
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Fukuda N, Yoshida N, Balikagala B, Tsuru I, Ikeda M, Hirai M, Anywar DA, Odongo-Aginya EI, and Mita T
- Subjects
- Humans, Uganda, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Parasitic Sensitivity Tests methods, Epidemiological Monitoring, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Sensitivity and Specificity, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Protozoan Proteins genetics, Resource-Limited Settings, Artemisinins pharmacology, Plasmodium falciparum drug effects, Plasmodium falciparum genetics, Antimalarials pharmacology, Drug Resistance genetics, Malaria, Falciparum parasitology, Malaria, Falciparum drug therapy
- Abstract
Objectives: Artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria is currently spreading globally, including in Africa. Artemisinin resistance also leads to resistance to partner drugs used in artemisinin-based combination therapies. Sequencing of kelch13, which is associated with artemisinin resistance, culture-based partner drug susceptibility tests, and ELISA-based growth measurement are conventionally used to monitor resistance; however, their application is challenging in resource-limited settings., Methods: An experimental package for field studies with minimum human/material requirements was developed., Results: First, qPCR-based SNP assay was applied in artemisinin resistance screening, which can detect mutations within 1 h and facilitate sample selection for subsequent processes. It had 100% sensitivity and specificity compared with DNA sequencing in the detection of the two common artemisinin resistance mutations in Uganda, C469Y and A675V. Moreover, in the partner drug susceptibility test, the cultured samples were dry-preserved on a 96-well filter paper plate and shipped to the central laboratory. Parasite growth was measured by ELISA using redissolved samples. It well reproduced the results of direct ELISA, reducing significant workload in the field (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.984; 95% CI: 0.975-0.990)., Conclusions: Large-scale and sustainable monitoring is required urgently to track rapidly spreading drug-resistant malaria. In malaria-endemic areas, where research resources are often limited, simplicity and feasibility of the procedure is especially important. Our approach combines a qPCR-based rapid test, which is also applicable to point-of-care diagnosis of artemisinin resistance and centralized analysis of ex vivo culture. The approach could improve efficiency of field experiments and accelerate global drug resistance surveillance., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2024
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48. Association of a Transitional Heart Failure Management Program With Readmission and End-of-Life Care in Rural Japan.
- Author
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Kinugasa Y, Nakamura K, Hirai M, Manba M, Ishiga N, Sota T, Nakayama N, Ohta T, Kato M, Adachi T, Fukuki M, Hirota Y, Mizuta E, Mura E, Nozaka Y, Omodani H, Tanaka H, Tanaka Y, Watanabe I, Mikami M, and Yamamoto K
- Abstract
Background: Evidence on transitional care for heart failure (HF) in Japan is limited. Methods and Results: We implemented a transitional HF management program in rural Japan in 2019. This involved collaboration with general practitioners or nursing care facilities and included symptom monitoring by medical/nursing staff using a handbook; standardized discharge care planning and information sharing on self-care and advance care planning using a collaborative sheet; and sharing expertise on HF management via manuals. We compared the outcomes within 1 year of discharge among patients hospitalized with HF in the 2 years before program implementation (2017-2018; historical control, n=198), in the first 2 years after program implementation (2019-2020; Intervention Phase 1, n=205), and in the second 2 years, following program revision and regional dissemination (2021-2022; Intervention Phase 2, n=195). HF readmission rates gradually decreased over Phases 1 and 2 (P<0.05). This association was consistent regardless of physician expertise, follow-up institution, or the use of nursing care services (P>0.1 for interaction). Mortality rates remained unchanged, but significantly more patients received end-of-life care at home in Phase 2 than before (P<0.05). Conclusions: The implementation of a transitional care program was associated with decreased HF readmissions and increased end-of-life care at home for HF patients in rural Japan., Competing Interests: Y.K. has received lecturer fees from AstraZeneca Co. Ltd and Boehringer Ingelhem Co., Ltd. K.Y. has received research grants from Abbott Co., Ltd., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Biotronik Japan Inc., Japan Lifeline Co., Ltd., Fukuda Denshi; Medtronic Japan Co., Ltd., and Boston Scientific Co., Ltd., as well as lecturer fees from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Novartis, Daiichi-Sankyo Co. Ltd., and Bayer Yakuhin Ltd. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2024, THE JAPANESE CIRCULATION SOCIETY.)
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- 2024
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49. Defining key concepts for mental state attribution.
- Author
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Quesque F, Apperly I, Baillargeon R, Baron-Cohen S, Becchio C, Bekkering H, Bernstein D, Bertoux M, Bird G, Bukowski H, Burgmer P, Carruthers P, Catmur C, Dziobek I, Epley N, Erle TM, Frith C, Frith U, Galang CM, Gallese V, Grynberg D, Happé F, Hirai M, Hodges SD, Kanske P, Kret M, Lamm C, Nandrino JL, Obhi S, Olderbak S, Perner J, Rossetti Y, Schneider D, Schurz M, Schuwerk T, Sebanz N, Shamay-Tsoory S, Silani G, Spaulding S, Todd AR, Westra E, Zahavi D, and Brass M
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- 2024
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50. Tracheostomy for the pediatric patient with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: a case report.
- Author
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Kobayashi M, Hirai M, Suzuki M, and Sasaki A
- Abstract
Background: Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an extremely rare connective tissue disease characterized by subsequent ossification of skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments, and other fibrous tissues. The ossification of these tissues progresses during childhood and leads to limb and trunk deformities. Since any surgery may trigger subsequent ossification, it is relatively contraindicated for patients with FOP. In this report, we describe our experience in performing tracheostomy in a pediatric patient with FOP who developed a restrictive respiratory disorder due to progressive deformity of the trunk., Case Presentation: A 12-year-old boy, diagnosed with FOP at the age of one, was referred for a tracheotomy after requiring 2 months of oral intubation and mechanical ventilation due to severe deformity-induced dyspnea. After changing from oral intubation to nasal intubation, we carefully considered the indications and benefits of tracheostomy in patients with FOP. Eventually, tracheostomy was successfully performed using our surgical design: creating a skin incision at the level of the cricoid cartilage that can always be identified, creating inverted U-shaped incision on the anterior tracheal wall to make a flap, and suturing the entire circumference of the tracheotomy and skin. One month after the surgery, he regained normal breathing and pronunciation and returned to school. The patient showed no unfavorable postoperative outcomes over a 4-year follow-up period., Conclusions: Tracheostomy in our pediatric case of FOP required careful perioperative management. However, it could effectively improve the patient's quality of life., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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