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Aqueous zinc‐iodine (Zn─I2) battery is a promising energy storage system due to its inherent safety, high theoretical capacity, sustainability, and cost‐effectiveness. However, the shuttle effect of polyiodide severely affects the stable loading of active iodine and even accelerates the corrosion of the Zn anode, thus impeding its further advancement. Herein, a unique trimethylsulfonium cation (TMS+) with strong adsorption is proposed to stabilize both the iodine cathode and Zn anode. Benefiting from the robust interaction between TMS+ and polyiodide, the electrolyte can effectively immobilize large‐capacity iodine in the form of oily precipitate, thus avoiding the shuttle effect of polyiodide and the Zn corrosion. Additionally, TMS+ can be preferentially adsorbed on various Zn facets, inducing an electrostatic shielding effect to inhibit Zn dendrite growth. Consequently, Zn anode can be stably cycled over 3400 h at 5 mA cm−2/5 mAh cm−2, and a large areal capacity of 2.71 mAh cm−2 as well as long‐life stability over 6400 cycles is achieved for Zn─I2 battery. Furthermore, cation adsorption engineering is practically utilized in pouch cells, realizing superior fast‐charging stability over 790 cycles. This electrolyte modification with dual stabilizations is anticipated to be applied to other metal‐iodine batteries as a cost‐effective, facile, and safe strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on SnO2 electron transport layers have attracted extensive research due to their compelling photovoltaic performance. Herein, we presented an in situ passivation of SnO2 with low‐cost hydroxyacid potassium synergist during deposition to optimize the interface carrier extraction and transport for high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stabilities of PSCs. The orbital overlap of the carboxyl oxygen with the Sn atom alongwith the homogenous nano‐particle deposition effectively suppresses the interfacial defects and releases the internal residual strains in the perovskite. Accordingly, a PCE of 24.91 % with a fill factor (FF) up to 0.852 is obtained for in situ passivated devices, which is one of the highest values for SnO2‐based PSCs. Moreover, the unencapsulated device maintained 80 % of its initial PCE at 80 °C over 600 h, 100 % PCE at ambient conditions for 1300 h, and 98 % after one week maximum power point tracking (MPPT) under continuous AM1.5G illumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Miniaturized energy storage devices with superior performance and compatibility with facile fabrication are highly desired in smart microelectronics. Typical fabrication techniques are generally based on powder printing or active material deposition, which restrict the reaction rate due to the limited optimization of electron transport. Herein, we proposed a new strategy for the construction of high-rate Ni-Zn microbatteries based on a 3D hierarchical porous nickel (Ni) microcathode. With sufficient reaction sites from the hierarchical porous structure as well as excellent electrical conductivity from the superficial Ni-based activated layer, this Ni-based microcathode is featured with fast-reaction capability. By virtue of facile electrochemical treatment, the fabricated microcathode realized an excellent rate performance (over 90% capacity retention when the current density increased from 1 to 20 mA cm−2). Furthermore, the assembled Ni-Zn microbattery achieved a rate current of up to 40 mA cm−2 with a capacity retention of 76.9%. Additionally, the high reactivity of the Ni-Zn microbattery is also durable in 2000 cycles. This 3D hierarchical porous Ni microcathode, as well as the activation strategy, provides a facile route for the construction of microcathodes and enriches high-performance output units for integrated microelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Miniaturized powering devices with both sufficient capacity as well as fast charging capability are anticipated to support microelectronics with multi-functions. However, most reported miniaturized energy storage devices only display limited performances around capacity or rate performance, and it remains challenging to develop high-rate microdevices with large capacities. Herein, a reconstructed NiCo alloy is proposed as a promising microcathode for a Ni-Zn microbattery with a high-rate performance and large capacity. With the reconstructed layer compactly adhered on the metal substrate, the activated NiCo alloy demonstrates an excellent conductivity close to metals. Meanwhile, the abundant alloying defect contributes to a relatively higher reconstruction depth up to 20 nm. Both the superior electron transport and the higher reaction depth facilitate the simultaneous excellent performance in the reaction rate and capacity. As a consequence, the microcathode achieves a large capacity up to 1.51 mAh cm−2, as well as an excellent rate performance with a capacity retention of 82.9% when the current density is expanded to 100 mA cm−2. More surprisingly, such excellent performance can shift towards the full Ni-Zn microbattery, and the fast-charging capability based on large capacity can stably maintain 7000 cycles. This unique strategy of reconstructed NiCo alloy microcathode provides a new direction for the construction of high-performance output units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clarifying the electrode kinetics and thermodynamic processes of 2D materials in electrochemical energy‐storage system becomes an important topic, especially for the system with complex and interlaced electrochemical processes. One single analytical method can hardly describe the diffusion‐controlled and interface‐reaction‐controlled process. Hence, the tungstate‐linked polyaniline, a novel 2D conductive polymer with obvious Faradaic reaction, is introduced, as the research object. Based on the multi‐scan rate cyclic voltammetry data, the applicable rules of different electrochemical kinetic treatment methods are proved effectively: the rate fitting equation based on theoretical capacitance calibration is more suitable to describe the kinetic behavior of interface‐reaction‐controlled process, while the power–law relationship based on the b value is more reasonable to study the diffusion‐controlled process. Moreover, the higher capacitance of the electrode materials in acidic electrolyte is emphasized via in situ electrochemical testing techniques. Proton intercalation and participating in the redox reaction can obviously accelerate the electrode process. The developed multidimensional assessment method is superior in more accurate analysis of the kinetics of electrochemical energy‐storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unicellular green alga Dunaliella salina (Dunal) Teodor. is a novel model photosynthetic eukaryote for studying photosystems, high salinity acclimation, and carotenoid accumulation. In spite of such significance, there have been limited studies on the Dunaliella genome transcriptome and proteome. To further investigate D. salina, a cDNA library was constructed and sequenced. Here, we present the analysis of the 2,282 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) generated together with 3,990 ESTs from dbEST. A total of 4,148 unique sequences (UniSeqs) were identified, of which 56.1% had sequence similarity with Uniprot entries, suggesting that a large number of unique genes may be harbored by Dunaliella. Additionally, protein family domains were identified to further characterize these sequences. Then, we also compared EST sequences with different complete eukaryotic genomes from several animals, plants, and fungi. We observed notable differences between D. salina and other organisms. This EST collection and its annotation provided a significant resource for basic and applied research on D. salina and laid the foundation for a systematic analysis of the transcriptome basis of green algae development and diversification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To simultaneously track the ideal slip rate and realize ideal energy recovery efficiency under different complex road conditions, an electro-hydraulic compound anti-lock braking system based on interval type-2 fuzzy logic control strategy and its corresponding braking torque allocation strategy have been developed for electric vehicles. The proposed interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller aims to calculate the ideal total braking torque by four steps, namely, fuzzification, fuzzy inference, type reduction, and defuzzification. The slip rate error and the change rate of slip rate error are utilized as inputs in the fuzzification, and then, the membership degree interval of fuzzy variables determined by the upper and lower membership functions is used to calculate the activation degree interval of different fuzzy rules in the fuzzy inference process, which enhances the anti-interference ability to external uncertainties and internal uncertainties. The braking torque allocation strategy is proposed to maintain the maximum energy recovery efficiency on the premise of safe braking. The software of MATLAB/Simulink is applied to simulate the process of anti-lock braking control under two complex road conditions. Simulation results corroborate the proposed interval type-2 fuzzy logic anti-lock braking control system can not only obtain better slip rate control effect and outstanding robustness but also achieve ideal regenerative braking energy recovery efficiency under both joint-μ and split-μ road surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on SnO 2 electron transport layers have attracted extensive research due to their compelling photovoltaic performance. Herein, we presented an in situ passivation of SnO 2 with low-cost hydroxyacid potassium synergist during deposition to optimize the interface carrier extraction and transport for high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stabilities of PSCs. The orbital overlap of the carboxyl oxygen with the Sn atom alongwith the homogenous nano-particle deposition effectively suppresses the interfacial defects and releases the internal residual strains in the perovskite. Accordingly, a PCE of 24.91 % with a fill factor (FF) up to 0.852 is obtained for in situ passivated devices, which is one of the highest values for SnO 2 -based PSCs. Moreover, the unencapsulated device maintained 80 % of its initial PCE at 80 °C over 600 h, 100 % PCE at ambient conditions for 1300 h, and 98 % after one week maximum power point tracking (MPPT) under continuous AM1.5G illumination., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The continuous expansion of smart microelectronics has put forward higher requirements for energy conversion, mechanical performance, and biocompatibility of micro-energy storage devices (MESDs). Unique porosity, superior flexibility and comfortable breathability make the textile-based structure a great potential in wearable MESDs. Herein, a timely and comprehensive review of this field is provided according to recent research advances. The following aspects, device construction of textile-based MESDs (TMESDs), fabric processing of textile components and smart functionalization ( e.g. , mechanical reliability, energy harvesting, sensing, self-charging and self-healing, etc. ) are discussed and summarized thoroughly. Also, the perspectives on the microfabrication processes and multiple applications of TMESDs are elaborated., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)