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To reveal the influence of cement proportion (P) and curing age (T) on the anti-cracking ability of cement soil, notched semi-circular bending specimens were used in this study. Tensile strength tests and mode I fracture tests were performed on cement soils with different P and T. The evolutionary characteristics of the tensile strength σt and mode I fracture toughness KIC were obtained. The test results showed that σt and KIC gradually increased with increasing cement proportion P and curing age T, with both exhibiting a logarithmic function relationship. Predictive models for σt and KIC, which were developed using regression analysis, can be used to evaluate the anti-cracking ability of cement soils. Therefore, the correlation between KIC and σt of cement soils was theoretically analyzed. The variability of the correlation coefficients was discussed in the context of existing research on soil materials, and the differences in the critical dimensions were analyzed based on the correlation coefficients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CA is a plant derivative with antibacterial and antiviral pharmacological effects, however, the therapeutic effect of CA on Klebsiella pneumonia and its mechanism study is still unclear. A rat KP model was established in vitro, a pneumonia cell model was established in vivo, the histopathological changes in the lungs were observed by HE staining after CA treatment, the expression of relevant inflammatory factors was detected by ELISA, the changes in the expression of proteins related to the AhR‐Src‐STAT3‐IL‐10 signaling pathway were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence in the lungs, and the interactions between the proteins were verified by COIP relationship. The results showed that CA was able to attenuate the injury and inflammatory response of lung tissues, and molecular docking showed that there were binding sites between CA and AhR, and COIP demonstrated that AhR interacted with both STAT3 and Ser. In addition, CA was able to up‐regulate the expression levels of pathway‐related proteins of AhR, IL‐10, p‐Src, and p‐STAT3, and AhR knockdown was able to reduce LPS‐induced inflammatory responses and up‐regulate pathway‐related proteins, whereas CA treatment of AhR‐knockdown‐treated A549 cells did not show any statistically significant difference compared with the AhR knockdown group, demonstrating that CA exerts its pharmacological effects. These findings elucidated the mechanism of CA in the treatment of KP and demonstrated that CA is a potential therapeutic agent for KP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to explore the efficacy of maple leaf‐shaped flap in the repair of perianal circular skin defect. This study is a retrospective review of patients with perianal circular skin defect after skin tumour resection and repaired with maple leaf‐shaped flap. Patients included in this study were admitted in our department between January 2010 and January 2023. A standardized data collection template was used to collect related variables. The design and surgical procedures of maple leaf‐shaped flap are carefully described in this study. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) was applied to assist wound healing postoperatively. Twenty‐seven patients were included in this study. The average wound size after tumour resection measured 4 × 5 cm2–10 × 10 cm2. The circular skin defect was repaired by maple leaf‐shaped flap, and NPWT was used after surgery. Twenty‐five patients achieved primary wound healing and flaps were well‐survived. Slight infection occurred in two patients, and both were cured after dressing change. During the follow‐up period of 6–24 months, no tumour recurrence occurred. The perianal morphology can be well‐restored by maple leaf‐shaped flap, and the defecation control function of anus was not impaired. The application of maple leaf‐shaped flap and NPWT is a promising way in the repair of perianal circular skin defect with little complication and satisfying outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effects of Yanghe Pingchuan Granules on airway remodeling in asthmatic rats, and to explore the mechanism of Interleukin-6/Janus kinase 2/Signal transducing activator of transcription 3(IL-6/JAK2/STAT3) signal axis. Methods: We separated 42 healthy male SD rats into two groups, a control group (7) and a model group (35). The model group was sensitized with a combination of ovalbumin (OVA) and aluminum hydroxide for 2 weeks, while the control group was given an equal amount of physiological saline. After 2 weeks, the modeling group was randomly divided into Model group, Yanghe Pingchuan Granules high, medium and low dose groups and Dexamethasone group, each group consisted of 7 animals. After 4 weeks, OVA atomization and gavage were used for stimulation and treatment. Yanghe Pingchuan Granules high, middle and low groups were given 15.48, 7.74, 3.87 g·kg-1 Yanghe Pingchuan Granules daily, dexamethasone group was given 0.0625 mg·kg-1 dexamethasone daily, and the other groups were given the same amount of normal saline. HE, PAS and Masson staining were used to observe the lung histopathological changes in rats. The levels of interleukin-6, IL-23 and IL-17A were detected by ELISA. The expression levels of JAK-2, P-JAK2, STAT3 and P-STAT3 in lung tissues were detected by Western blot. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of IL-6, JAK2 and STAT3 in rat lung tissue. Results: The lung tissue structure of the model group was severely damaged compared to the control group, accompanied by a great many of inflammatory cell infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, subepithelial collagen fiber deposition and airway epithelial thickening were more obvious. The expressions of IL-6, IL-23 and IL-17A in serum were significantly increased (P<0.01), the protein expression levels of JAK-2, P-JAK2, STAT3 and P-STAT3 and the mRNA expression levels of IL-6, JAK2 and STAT3 in lung tissue were significantly increased (P<0.01); Compared with the model group, inflammatory cell infiltration, goblet cell proliferation, subepithelial collagen fiber deposition and airway epithelial thickening were significantly reduced in each administration group, and the expressions of IL-6, IL-23 and IL-17A in serum were significantly decreased (P< 0.01). The protein expression levels of JAK-2, P-JAK2, STAT3 and P-STAT3 and mRNA expression levels of IL-6, JAK2 and STAT3 in lung tissue were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion: Yanghe Pingchuan Granules can significantly alleviate airway remodeling in asthmatic rats, and its mechanism may be through inhibiting the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signal axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Abstract】 Objective: Studies showed elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) of displaced midclavicular fractures has excellent outcomes, as well as high complication rates and specific problems. The aim was to discuss ESIN of midshaft clavicular fractures. Methods: Totally 60 eligible patients (aged 18-63 years) were randomized to either ESIN group or non-operative group between January 2007 and May 2008. Clavicular shortening was measured after trauma and osseous consolidation. Radiographic union and complications were assessed. Function analysis including Constant shoulder scores and disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) scores were performed after a 15-month follow-up. Results: ESIN led to a signifcantly shorter time to union, especially for simple fractures. In ESIN group, all patients got fracture union, of which 5 cases had medial skin irritation and 1 patient needed revision surgery because of implant failure. In the nonoperative group, there were 3 nonunion cases and 2 symptomatic malunions developed requiring corrective osteotomy. At 15 months after intramedullary stabilization, patients in the ESIN group were more satisfied with the appearance of the shoulder and overall outcome, and they benefited a lot from the great improvement of post-traumatic clavicular shortening. Furthermore, DASH scores were lower and Constant scores were significantly higher in contrast to the non-operative group. Conclusion: ESIN is a safe minimally invasive surgical technique with lower complication rate, faster return to daily activities, excellent cosmetic and better functional results, restoration of clavicular length for treating mid-shaft clavicular fractures, resulting in high overall satisfaction, which can be regard as an alternative to plate fixation or nonoperative treatment of mid-shaft clavicular fractures. Key words: Clavicle; Fracture fixation intramedu- llary; Outcome assessment

【Abstract】Objective: To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo osteogenic capability of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs). Methods: ASCs were isolated from New Zealand white rabbits and determined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, von Kossa staining and alizarin red staining. Some specific markers of osteogenic differentiation, including ALP, osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN) were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In vivo, demineralized bone matrix (DBM)-ASCs composites were implanted into the rabbit calvarial defects created at each side of the longitudinal midline. After 6 weeks, histologic properties of the transplants were analyzed. Results: ASCs were successfully induced into osteogenesis. ALP staining, von Kossa staining and alizarin red staining showed positive results. The expressions of ALP, OCN and OPN were detected in ASCs after cultivation in osteogenic medium. Extensive new bone was observed in the defects transplanted with DBM-ASCs composites. Conclusion: ASCs have the potential to differentiate into osteogenic lineage and DBM-ASCs constructs are a promising method for regeneration in bone defects. Key words: Adipose tissue; Bone regeneration; Osteogenesis

Reachability, as a vital parameter in product maintainability design, exerts a tremendous influence in practical maintenance, especially in the usage stage. To decrease subjectivity in maintenance reachability analysis, this study proposes an automatic and quantitative approach based on the spatial data of the human arm to implement maintenance reachability analysis. The approach focused on two aspects, namely, accuracy and efficiency. In terms of accuracy, the presented methodology starts from the maintenance spot where the human hand is attached. An original global data sequence set was generated, including the wrist, elbow, and shoulder joints, under the constraints of kinematics, in which a data sequence represents an arm motion. Moreover, the surrounding objects are represented by their geometric data, in which each data sequence is analyzed to judge whether collision occurs between arm segments and surrounding objects. In this filtering process, the data sequence is retained if the aforementioned collision does not occur. In terms of efficiency, owing to the large number of global data sequences, the efficiency of the interval selection in collision calculation is also taken into consideration in this methodology. Unlike the traditional methods in the virtual environment, the starting point is the maintenance spot, rather than the human body. Hence, nearly all possibilities of arm postures are considered in a global perspective with little subjective involvement, which enhances the automation and objectivity in maintenance reachability analysis to a certain extent. The case study shows the usability and feasibility by a practical maintenance scene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a rare disease. The treatment options for advanced penile cancer are often limited, and the prognosis remains poor. We reported a 52-year-old male recurrent and metastatic PSCC patient with high PD-L1 expression (90%) and TMB (14.4 muts/Mb). He had undergone penectomy, bilateral inguinal lymph node dissection, and excision of the abdominal wall mass. Despite cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy and sequential chemotherapy with docetaxel plus cisplatin then being carried out, the carcinoma still progressed. The patient then obtained progression-free survival with continuous sintilimab, although he experienced the new onset of ICI-induced diabetes after 24 cycles of sintilimab and required sustained insulin treatment. He had negative type 1 diabetes-associated autoantibodies and the susceptible HLA genotype DR3-DQ2 haplotype. This is the first patient with radiation and multichemorefractory PSCC who has obtained the remarkable anti-tumor effect of partial regression exceeding 32 months during continuous sintilimab and anlotinib treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autologous fat grafting has been widely used in plastic surgery in recent years, but the unstable retention of fat graft has always been a key clinical problem. Adipose tissue has poor tolerant to ischemia, so the transplanted adipose tissue needs to rebuild blood supply at an early stage in order to survive stably. Our previous study has found that comparing to human foreskin fibroblast exosome (HFF-Exo), human adipose-derived stem cells exosome (hADSC-Exo) can significantly improve the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and the angiogenic effect of artificial dermal preconstructed flaps. Therefore, the ability of hADSC-Exo to improve the retention of adipose grafts and its potential regenerative mechanism aroused our strong interest. In this study, we applied hADSC-Exo and HFF-Exo to adipose grafts and explored the potential regeneration mechanism through various means such as bioinformatics, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and adipogenic differentiation. The results showed that hADSC-Exo can significantly promote grafts angiogenesis and adipogenic differentiation of ADSC to improve the retention of fat grafts and may downregulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to promote the adipogenic differentiation. In summary, our results provide a theoretical basis for the clinical translation of hADSC-Exo in fat grafting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RAS, a member of the small GTPase family, functions as a binary switch by shifting between inactive GDP-loaded and active GTP-loaded state. RAS gain-of-function mutations are one of the leading causes in human oncogenesis, accounting for ∼19% of the global cancer burden. As a well-recognized target in malignancy, RAS has been intensively studied in the past decades. Despite the sustained efforts, many failures occurred in the earlier exploration and resulted in an 'undruggable' feature of RAS proteins. Phosphorylation at several residues has been recently determined as regulators for wild-type and mutated RAS proteins. Therefore, the development of RAS inhibitors directly targeting the RAS mutants or towards upstream regulatory kinases supplies a novel direction for tackling the anti-RAS difficulties. A better understanding of RAS phosphorylation can contribute to future therapeutic strategies. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the current advances in RAS phosphorylation and provided mechanistic insights into the signaling transduction of associated pathways. Importantly, the preclinical and clinical success in developing anti-RAS drugs targeting the upstream kinases and potential directions of harnessing allostery to target RAS phosphorylation sites were also discussed. This review discusses the current advances in RAS phosphorylation, provides mechanistic insights into the signaling transduction of associated pathways, and describes anti-RAS drugs targeting phosphorylation sites. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linear aggregation is present in some animals, such as the coordinated movement of ants and the migration of caterpillars and spinylobsters, but none has been reported on rotifers. The rotifers were collected and clone cultured in the laboratory at 25 ± 1°C, under natural light (light intensity ~130 lx, L:D = 14:10). The culture medium(pH = 7.3) was formulated as described by Suga et al., and rotifers were fed on the micro algae Scenedesmus obliquus grown in HB-4 medium to the exponential growth stage. When density was high (150 individuals ml-1), the behavior of rotifers was observed using a stereo microscope (Motic ES-18TZLED). In this paper, linear aggregation in Brachionus calyciflorus was found for the first time, and experiments were carried out to verify the correlation between linear aggregation and culture density of B. calyciflorus. With the increase of density, the number of aggregations increase, the number of individuals in the aggregation increased, and the maintenance time of the aggregation was also increased. Therefore, we speculate that the formation of aggregates is related to density and may be a behavioral signal of density increase, which may transmit information between density increase and formation of dormant eggs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Let a ≠ a 0 be any given real number. If the variables [x.sub.1], [x.sub.2], ..., [x.sub.n] satisfy [x.sub.1][x.sub.2] ... [x.sub.n] = 1, the equation [MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE [...]

We aimed at evaluating the effects of hydrosurgery and traditional surgical approach with two parallel incisions in the treatment of osmidrosis. This prospective study enrolled patients with axillary osmidrosis between January 2015 and November 2016. For hydrosurgery, a 1-cm-long incision was made in the middle of the posterior long axis. The hand piece was turned upside down and processed in a 'W-O' way. For traditional method, two 3-cm-long parallel incisions were made transversely. Patient demographics, complications, duration of procedures and the outcomes were collected and compared. All patients had a follow-up period of 24–36 months. A total of 93 patients were included: 41 patients in hydrosurgery group and 52 patients in traditional method group. No severe complications occurred in the hydrosurgery group, while necrosis occurred in six sides of axillae of traditional surgical group. No recurrence occurred in both groups. Both groups showed similar odor and hair growth reduction rate. Only one in 82 sides occurred slight scar formation, while in traditional group, 22 sides of axillae formed scars (p <.001). The application of hydrosurgery in the treatment of osmidrosis is efficient and effective. Moreover, it has less postoperative complications, and high patient satisfaction rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]