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4. Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with hepatitis B virus infection

Author

Chen, Ruixuan, Zhou, Shiyu, Liu, Jiao, Li, Lu, Su, Licong, Li, Yanqin, Fang, Chuyao, Zhang, Xiaodong, Luo, Fan, Gao, Qi, Lin, Yuxin, Guo, Zhixin, Cao, Lisha, Xu, Xin, and Nie, Sheng

Subjects
Pharmacology, Experimental, Hepatitis B -- Physiological aspects -- Complications and side effects, Antihypertensive drugs -- Dosage and administration -- Physiological aspects -- Complications and side effects, Hepatoma -- Risk factors -- Physiological aspects, Health
Abstract

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a common cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Evidence suggests that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) decrease liver fibrosis, an intermediate step between liver injury and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our aim was to investigate the association between the use of ACEIs and ARBs on incident HCC and liver-related mortality among patients with HBV infection. Methods: We conducted a population-based study on a new-user cohort of patients seen at 24 hospitals across China. We included adult patients with HBV infection who started ACEIs or ARBs (ACEIs/ARBs), or calcium channel blockers or thiazide diuretics (CCBs/THZs) from January 2012 to December 2022. The primary outcome was incident HCC; secondary outcomes were liver-related mortality and new-onset cirrhosis. We used propensity score matching and Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of study outcomes. Results: Among 32 692 eligible patients (median age 58 [interquartile range (IQR) 48-68] yr, and 18 804 male [57.5%]), we matched 9946 pairs of patients starting ACEIs/ARBs or CCBs/THZs. During a mean follow-up of 2.3 years, the incidence rate of HCC per 1000 person-years was 4.11 and 5.94 among patients who started ACEIs/ARBs and CCBs/THZs, respectively, in the matched cohort. Use of ACEIs/ARBs was associated with lower risks of incident HCC (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.50-0.86), liver-related mortality (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.64-0.93), and new-onset cirrhosis (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.70-0.94). Interpretation: In this cohort of patients with HBV infection, new users of ACEIs/ ARBs had a lower risk of incident HCC, liver-related mortality, and new-onset cirrhosis than new users of CCBs/THZs., Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health concern, affecting about 296 million people. (1,2) Despite recent advances in treatment--notably, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and entecavir--HBV remains a [...]

Published
2024
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12. Investigating the influence of residents' attitudes, perceptions of risk, and subjective norms on their willingness to engage in flood prevention efforts in Freetown, Sierra Leone

Author

Ibrahim Abdulai Sawaneh, Luo Fan, and Brima Sesay

Subjects
Attitude, Risk perception, Public participation intention, Bonding social capital, Self-efficacy, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

This study investigates the intricate relationships between flood disaster risk perception (RP), attitudes(ATT), subjective norms(SN), and participation in flood prevention activities(IPF), emphasizing the mediating roles of self-efficacy(SE) and bonding social capital(BSC). The research in Freetown, Sierra Leone, involved 702 participants, providing a diverse socio-demographic snapshot crucial for understanding community-based flood risk management. Data analysis revealed that demographic factors like age, gender, education, and income significantly influence flood risk perceptions and mitigation behaviors. Additionally, subjective norms were found to substantially impact both self-efficacy and bonding social capital, affecting participation in flood prevention activities. The study also explored the role of community dynamics and social norms in shaping risk perceptions and intentions to engage in flood risk prevention. It was observed that higher self-efficacy and more robust community bonds lead to increased participation in flood mitigation efforts. The findings offer valuable insights into flood prevention behavior's psychological and social drivers and highlight the importance of community-focused strategies in enhancing flood resilience. The study contributes to the broader understanding of flood risk management in urban settings, particularly in developing countries, and underscores the need for policies and practices that foster individual empowerment and collective community action.

Published
2024
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20. Associations between Different Antivirals and Hospital-Acquired Acute Kidney Injury in Adults with Herpes Zoster

Author

Xu, Ruqi, Gao, Qi, Zhang, Yuping, Lin, Yuxin, Li, Yanqin, Su, Licong, Zhou, Shiyu, Cao, Yue, Gao, Peiyan, Li, Pingping, Luo, Fan, Chen, Ruixuan, Zhang, Xiaodong, Nie, Sheng, Xu, Xin, Hou, FanFan, Xu, Xin, Zha, Yan, Hu, Ying, Li, Hua, Yang, Qiongqiong, Wan, Qijun, Liu, Bicheng, Xu, Hong, Li, Guisen, Weng, Jianping, Xu, Gang, Chunbo, Chen, Liu, Huafeng, Shi, Yongjun, Kong, Yaozhong, Su, Guobin, Tang, Ying, Zhou, Yilun, and Gong, Mengchun

Published
2024
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24. Association between urate-lowering therapy initiation and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and asymptomatic hyperuricemia

Author

Xu, Hong, Liu, Bicheng, Weng, Jianping, Chunbo, Chen, Liu, Huafeng, Yang, Qiongqiong, Li, Hua, Kong, Yaozhong, Li, Guisen, Wan, Qijun, Zha, Yan, Hu, Ying, Xu, Gang, Shi, Yongjun, Zhou, Yilun, Su, Guobin, Tang, Ying, Gong, Mengchun, Chen, Ruixuan, Nie, Sheng, Zhou, Shiyu, Su, Licong, Li, Yanqin, Zhang, Xiaodong, Luo, Fan, Xu, Ruqi, Gao, Qi, Lin, Yuxin, Guo, Zhixin, Cao, Lisha, and Xu, Xin

Published
2024
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38. Formation of Maillard Reaction Products in Heat-Treated Torreya grandis cv. Merrilli Seed Oil and Their Effects on Two Analytical Methods for the Determination of Total Phenolics

Author

XU Xiaojun, LUO Fan, FANG Xuezhi, DU Menghao, HU Lisong, LONG Qizhi, ZHONG Haiyan

Subjects
maillard reaction products, determination of total phenolics, folin-ciocalteu assay, fast blue bb assay, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456
Abstract

The occurrence of Maillard reaction in heated Torreya grandis cv. Merrilli seed oil was verified by detecting browning index and the contents of the Maillard reaction products (MRPs) 3-deoxyglucosone, methylglyoxal and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, and the effects of the MRPs on the quantification of total phenolics using the Folin-Ciocalteu and Fast Blue BB assays were explored. The Folin-Ciocalteu assay showed that the content of total phenolics in the oil increased after treatment at 150 ℃ for 90 to 120 min, while the Fast Blue BB assay showed the opposite result. It was also observed that the absorbance of the oil at a wavelength of 294 nm increased after long-term low-temperature or high-temperature heat treatment. 3-Deoxyglucosone (0.21–0.47 μg/g) and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (0.06–0.40 μg/g) were detected only in the 150 ℃ treated oil, while methylglyoxal (0.67–1.73 μg/g) existed in both oil samples. In the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, the absorbance at a wavelength of 765 nm of 3-deoxyglucosone and methylglyoxal linearly increased with an increase in their concentrations, and the decreasing order of the absorbance of the MRPs at the same concentration was 3-deoxyglucosone > methylglyoxal > 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural. In the presence of 3-deoxyglucosone, the Folin-Ciocalteu result was greater than the actual value, and the degree of interference was not related to the content of total phenolics in samples, but instead was positively correlated with the concentration of 3-deoxyglucosone. In the Fast Blue BB assay, there was no significant difference in absorbance at 420 nm among the three MRPs. For food matrices prone to the formation of 3-deoxyglucosone and methylglyoxal during processing, the Fast Blue BB assay can be selected instead of the Folin-Ciocalteu assay to mitigate the interferences from the two substances in the quantification of total phenolics.

Published
2023
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46. Statin initiation and risk of incident kidney disease in patients with diabetes

Author

Zhou, Shiyu, Su, Licong, Xu, Ruqi, Li, Yanqin, Chen, Ruixuan, Cao, Yue, Gao, Peiyan, Zhang, Xiaodong, Luo, Fan, Gao, Qi, An, Shengli, Cai, Wenyi, Lin, Lilong, Xu, Hong, Liu, Bicheng, Weng, Jianping, Chunbo, Chen, Liu, Huafeng, Yang, Qiongqiong, Li, Hua, Kong, Yaozhong, Li, Guisen, Wan, Qijun, Zha, Yan, Hu, Ying, Xu, Gang, Shi, Yongjun, Zhou, Yilun, Su, Guobin, Tang, Ying, Gong, Mengchun, Xu, Xin, and Nie, Sheng

Subjects
Statins -- Health aspects, Kidney diseases -- Risk factors -- Diagnosis, Type 2 diabetes -- Diagnosis -- Complications and side effects, Health
Abstract

Background: The role of statin therapy in the development of kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) remains uncertain. We aimed to determine the relationships between statin initiation and kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 DM. Methods: Through a new-user design, we conducted a multicentre retrospective cohort study using the China Renal Data System database (which includes inpatient and outpatient data from 19 urban academic centres across China). We included patients with type 2 DM who were aged 40 years or older and admitted to hospital between Jan. 1, 2000, and May 26, 2021, and excluded those with pre-existing chronic kidney disease and those who were already on statins or without follow-up at an affiliated outpatient clinic within 90 days after discharge. The primary exposure was initiation of a statin. The primary outcome was the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), defined as a composite of the occurrence of kidney dysfunction (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] < 60 mL/min/1.73 [m.sup.2] and > 25% decline from baseline) and proteinuria (a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio > 30 mg/g and > 50% increase from baseline), sustained for at least 90 days; secondary outcomes included development of kidney function decline (a sustained > 40% decline in eGFR). We used Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate the relationships between statin initiation and kidney outcomes, as well as to conduct subgroup analyses according to patient characteristics, presence or absence of dyslipidemia, and pattern of dyslipidemia. For statin initiators, we explored the association between different levels of lipid control and outcomes. We conducted analyses using propensity overlap weighting to balance the participant characteristics. Results: Among 7272 statin initiators and 12 586 noninitiators in the weighted cohort, statin initiation was associated with lower risks of incident DKD (hazard ratio [HR] 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62-0.83) and kidney function decline (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.44-0.81). We obtained similar results to the primary analyses for participants with differing patterns of dyslipidemia, those prescribed different statins, and after stratification according to participant characteristics. Among statin initiators, those with intensive control of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (< 1.8 mmol/L) had a lower risk of incident DKD (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.32-0.81) than those with inadequate lipid control (LDL-C > 3.4 mmol/L). Interpretation: For patients with type 2 DM admitted to and followed up in academic centres, statin initiation was associated with a lower risk of kidney disease development, particularly in those with intensive control of LDL-C. These findings suggest that statin initiation may be an effective and reasonable approach for preventing kidney disease in patients with type 2 DM., Statins are among the most commonly prescribed medications, administered to 146 million people worldwide. (1) Statin therapy reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus [...]

Published
2023
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