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Despite being a source of significant health concern globally, there is currently no specific approved treatment for the Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. The aim of this study is to conduct an in silico assessment of the inhibitory potentials of bioactive compounds derived from Alpinia officinarum, a plant known to have broad medicinal properties, against the ZIKV NS2B-NS3 protease. The ZIKV protease plays an indispensable role in the virus’ replication pathway and is therefore a desirable target for the development of antiviral drugs against the virus. By evaluating the potential of the bioactive compounds from the plant as drug candidates against ZIKV, this study aims to contribute to the development of new treatments for ZIKV infection. Bioactive compounds from Alpinia officinarum reported in the literature were retrieved and docked to the active site of the ZIKV protease. The lead compounds with the highest docking scores underwent further in silico analysis including binding free energy calculation, pharmacophore modeling, and ADMET screening. Known protease inhibitors, Palmatine and Nelfinavir, were also analyzed for comparison. The results of the in silico analysis of the top five compounds with the highest docking scores showed that Pinobanksin had the highest binding affinity for the protease and the most desirable ADMET properties compared to other lead compounds and reference protease inhibitors. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of bioactive compounds from Alpinia officinarum, especially Pinobanksin, as drug candidates against ZIKV. Therefore, investigation of these compounds as potential ZIKV therapy through further rigorous experimentation is highly recommended.

Dual-perspective high-speed imaging and acoustic detection is used to characterise cavitation activity at the tip of a commercial 20 kHz (f0) ultrasonic horn, over 2 s sonications across the range of input powers available (20 – 100%). Imaging at 1 × 105 frames per second (fps) captures cavitation-bubble cluster oscillation at the horn-tip for the duration of the sonication. Shadowgraphic imaging at 2 Mfps, from an orthogonal perspective, probes cluster collapse and shock wave generation at higher temporal resolution, facilitating direct correlation of features within the acoustic emission data generated by the bubble activity. f0/m subharmonic collapses of the primary cavitation cluster directly beneath the tip, with m increasing through integer values at increasing input powers, are studied. Shock waves generated by periodic primary cluster collapses dominate the non-linear emissions of the cavitation noise spectra. Transitional input powers for which the value of m is indistinct, are identified. Overall shock wave content within the emission signals collected during sonications at transitional input powers are reduced, relative to input powers with distinct m. The findings are relevant for the optimisation of applications such as sonochemistry, known to be mediated by bubble collapse phenomena.

Abstract Background Being diagnosed with gynaecologic malignancy certainly will have different sequelae which can hamper quality of life (QOL).This study aimed to assess health related quality of life (HRQOL) among gynaecologic cancer patients attending at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital (TASH), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods This study employed facility-based cross-sectional study design on 153 gynaecological cancer patients attending TASH using the Amharic version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30). We used descriptive statistics, independent t test and one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) in statistical analysis. Results The mean Global Health Status (GHS) was 40.95(SD ± 24.35) and of the functional scores, social function was most affected (42.26, SD ± 32.08), whereas cognitive function is the least affected domain (mean = 88.21, SD ± 18.49). The highest score on the symptom scores was found to be financial difficulties (mean = 64.76, SD ± 32.43) followed by pain (mean = 55.12, SD ± 29.64) and fatigue (mean = 53.97, SD ± 28.54); the lowest score on the contrary was scored for diarrhea (mean = 1.19, SD ± 7.38). As stage increases there was a statistically significant reduction in GHS (p = 0.005) and in all functional score domains except the physical and emotional function. Advancement in stage of the disease has also affected significantly the symptom score domains except financial difficulties, nausea /vomiting and diarrhea. Patients who never went to school have scored a statistically significant lower score in GHS, physical function, role function and social function (p

Background: Although comprehensive public health measures such as mass quarantine have been taken internationally, this has generally been ineffective, leading to a high infection and mortality rate. Despite the fact that the COVID-19 pandemic has been downgraded to epidemic status in many countries, the real number of infections is unknown, particularly in low-income countries. However, precision shielding is used in COVID-19 management, and requires estimates of mass infection in key groups. As a result, rapid tests for the virus could be a useful screening tool for asymptomatic virus shedders who are about to come into contact with sensitive groups. In Africa and other low- and middle-income countries there is high rate of COVID-19 under-diagnosis, due to the high cost of molecular assays. Exploring alternate assays to the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for COVID-19 diagnosis is highly warranted. Aim: This review explored the feasibility of using alternate molecular, rapid antigen, and serological diagnostic assays to accurately and precisely diagnose COVID-19 in African populations, and to mitigate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RT-PCR diagnostic challenges in Africa. Method: We reviewed publications from internet sources and searched for appropriate documents available in English. This included Medline, Google Scholar, and Ajol. We included primary literature and some review articles that presented knowledge on the current trends on SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics in Africa and globally. Results: Based on our analysis, we highlight the utility of four different alternatives to RT-PCR. These include two isothermal nucleic acid amplification assays (loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA)), rapid antigen testing, and antibody testing for tackling difficulties posed by SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing in Africa. Conclusion: The economic burden associated COVID-19 mass testing by RT-PCR will be difficult for low-income nations to meet. We provide evidence for the utility and deployment of these alternate testing methods in Africa and other LMICs.

BACKGROUND:Cancer is a growing public health problem worldwide. The focus of cancer treatment, in addition to curation, is improving the quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of Amharic version of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) among gynecological cancer patients in Ethiopia. METHODS:A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted using the Amharic version of EORTC QLQ-C30 on 153 gynecological cancer patients in Tikur Anbassa Specialized Hospital (TASH), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and multivariable linear regression were employed in statistical analysis. RESULTS:The Amharic version of EORTC QLQ-C30 had a Cronbach's α value of 0.81. The internal consistency for each domain of EORTC QLQ-C30 was also acceptable (Cronbach's α >0.7) except for cognitive function domain (Cronbach's α = 0.29). Stepwise multivariable linear regression analysis showed that emotional functioning (p

Institutions of Higher Learning in South Africa annually face challenges that often lead to student protests and demonstrations, mostly at the beginning of every academic year, which adversely impact the smooth running of academic programs. Stakeholders' expectations were at the apex of causes that destabilise the academic environment, academic almanac and the overall academic professional reputation. The volatility of this kind retards productivity and negatively affects many tertiary institutions across the Country. This empirically grounded paper focuses on conflicting variables amongst universities, but with reference to an Eastern Cape University in South Africa spread across its Campuses. Adopting the post-positivist approach, this study obtained data from over 180 respondents and the data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics, including analyses of variance and Pearson Product Moment correlations. In addition, content analysis techniques were used to analyse the data collected from the unstructured questionnaire. In this empirical study the findings highlighted two major variables that gave rise to conflicts, escalation of strikes and demonstrations at Higher Institutions of learning and recommend a conflict management style apposite for handling the conundrum. The factors dealt with in this study are not peculiar to the institution studied, but are analogous to other institutions. The findings also underscored Integrating conflict management as the most commendable style for managing conflicts at institutions of higher learning.

The demand for a postgraduate qualification in South Africa has increased due to the Department of Higher Education and training requirement for a Master's degree as the minimum qualification for teaching in universities. However, low completion rates and inferior quality dissertations and theses suggest that these ideals may not be achievable. This study juxtaposed research supervision models and suggested a framework envisaged to promote quality in the exercise. The world's countries, including South Africa, are paying far more attention than ever to supervising postgraduate students. This can be attributed to a variety of factors. For example, diversity and massification issues have put doctoral students' supervision at the centre. In response to these demands, some scholars have emphasised the relevance and suitability of supervision models. As part of the qualitative method, document analysis was used to analyse the supervision models most higher education institutions prescribed in their Policies around the Eastern Cape in South Africa. Among the findings, the policies and their Guide focus on two types of supervision: one-on-one and co-supervision. Regrettably, neither the Policies nor the Guide mention group supervision practices. The finding further revealed that no one ultimate model may guarantee optimal productivity. Hence, more is needed to assist supervisors in delivering excellent supervision. The partnership's efficacy and robustness in supervision rely on trust, commitment, and sound communication. Hence, the researchers developed and recommended the Triple C and Double T framework, a comprehensive and dynamic model, for higher education institutions to be considered for supervision. It is further recommended that the variables in the concept be used to develop the hypothesis and research objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important to note from the outset that the duty of preparing students for careers rests with the educational community. Internship before graduation appears to offer students experiential learning, better opportunities for employment and better knowledge of real work environments. The institutions benefit by obtaining more resources at a lower expense as well as a chance to assess whether the intern will fit in well with the team and the role. The majority of students graduate from university or college and struggle to find jobs due to lack of experience and exposure to the working environment. The study sought to assess the effect of internship on students in public institutions. The study used a qualitative research approach, through semistructured interviews, and respondents were approached through purposive sampling technique. The results of the study show that internships are favourable to students, universities, organisations and result in more job offers and quicker employability of interns. It further states that internships involve some investigation into the characteristics of students who will be employed by institutions in future through internship programmes. Finally, the study revealed that internships provide better opportunities for graduates and unemployed students by exposing them to their chosen field, either in unpaid or paid internship programmes. The study recommends that universities must create more internships to ensure that students are equipped with skills and gain positive and required experience in field work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the enduring consequences of recurrent flood disasters on communities located in river basins and proximate to significant water bodies. Floods are identified as a primary contributor to disaster-related losses, affecting 34.2 million people in 2018 alone. The region under scrutiny has witnessed an escalation in the frequency and severity of natural catastrophes due to unpredictable climate changes over the last decade. Despite the profound challenges flooding poses, there is a need for more in-depth studies on the subject. Focusing on the Port St Johns community, this research addresses the existing gap by closely examining the difficulties confronted by residents during and after flood disasters. The study utilizes interviews, observations, and data analysis to gain context-specific insights. A purposive sampling approach is adopted, selecting 15 participants from disadvantaged backgrounds. Semistructured interviews and thematic analysis are the primary data collection and analysis methods. The study's findings delve into the multifaceted impact of recurring flooding in the Green Farm Community, emphasizing the interplay of environmental factors, social responses, and historical trends. Themes such as infrastructural damage, property loss, and community preparedness challenges are explored. The municipality's role in flood support, timeliness and effectiveness is scrutinized. Environmental factors, including changing rainfall patterns and proximity to water bodies, are vital to the community's vulnerability. Recommendations include enhancing longterm planning, improving communication, assessing financial support adequacy, tailoring responses to community needs, investing in proactive preparedness, and ensuring equitable resource allocation. The study underscores the community's proactive measures, offering valuable insights for disaster management and resilience-building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender inequality in employment remains a significant challenge in many countries, including South Africa. The impact of this inequality on economic development is a topic of increasing interest and concern, with many studies showing a correlation between gender equality and economic growth. This study explores the impact of gender inequality in employment on economic development in South Africa, with a case study of Nyandeni local municipality. The study employs a quantitative, statistical technique to answer the study issues. The article explores the challenges faced by women in the workforce, the impact of gender employment equity policies, and the role of government, businesses, and civil society in addressing gender inequality in employment and promoting economic development within Nyandeni Local Municipality. This research seeks to determine if women's work will provide an extra lever for economic expansion. A fundamental study on women's involvement in economic development describes the position of women in Africa, Asia, and Latin American nations. The theory that frames the accompanying debate focuses on inequalities, growth, gender, and capacities in general, and the influence of gendered disparities on salaries, education, and economic growth. This research aims to reveal a connection between economic development in South Africa and gender equality. As a second objective, the study seeks to determine whether the contribution of women to economic growth provides extra valuable information for economic policy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2021, according to the statistical research presented, 2 billion videos would be seen on YouTube every day, and more than a billion individuals will subscribe to channels and use the site on a regular basis. Because of its widespread usage and ease of accessibility, YouTube video technology has been shown in several studies to have advantages for classroom instruction and lifetime learning. The persistent reason for this research was to investigate the perspective of teacher-trainees' interest in using video in teaching Microteaching skills, by applying YouTube video technology as an educational instrument in the instructional process. The research survey design was applied with 300 teacher-trainees in all NCE and B. Ed. programmes as the respondents to the research from all various departments. The questionnaires were distributed to them after watching the video clips on YouTube. The collected data was analysed using simple frequencies used for the test of the research question and analysis of Person correlation coefficient to retain or discard the hypothesis. The result revealed that teacher trainees have an interest in the usage of YouTube video technology, and it can be used to attain the educational ends achieved through the usage of YouTube video technology in teaching micro-teaching skills. The exciting findings of the result show that teachers and trainees from all departments agree and are satisfied that YouTube technology is an educational resource for modern instruction. The research recommends that YouTube should be used as a digital alternative to traditional microteaching (face-to-face), and it will address students' congestion due to the lack of appropriate lab equipment and qualified technicians in traditional microteaching laboratories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is hailed as having the potential to help the South African government to overcome its problems. However, there are many questions that still need to be answered regarding the readiness of public institutions to adopt or adapt to 4IR, and readiness is up for debate. It is in the light of this that the study seeks to assess what the readiness of the public workplace to adopt 4IR is. A qualitative research approach was embraced in the study, with participants from the King Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality being approached through the cluster sampling technique. The data was collected using unstructured interviews and analysed using a thematic approach. The findings show that it is becoming increasingly challenging to determine whether institutions are ready to adopt or adapt to 4IR. This can be asked of a variety of structures, a department within an institution, the whole institution, or at different levels such as national, provincial, and local level. Most of the departments are not ready for 4IR due to a shortage of skills. The study shows that it is evident that 4IR has a huge effect on employees and the skills that will be needed in future. Public sector institutions need to invest in infrastructure, programming and engineering to be fit for 4IR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]