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Introducción: Las personas mayores suponen un grupo etario vulnerable dentro de la sociedad. La edad avanzada, el mal estado funcional y residir en una institución sociosanitaria son factores de riesgo descritos que determinan un peor control de los parámetros clínicos en pacientes con procesos crónicos. Un abordaje multidisciplinar, disponer de registros poblacionales fiables, como la historia clínica electrónica de Atención Primaria (AP) de Madrid, y de un cuadro de mando con indicadores de resultados intermedios, permite analizar el control de estos procesos en pacientes institucionalizados y no institucionalizados. Objetivo: evaluar el grado de control de procesos crónicos relevantes en pacientes institucionalizados y no institucionalizados. Método: Estudio transversal en población mayor de 65 años de la Comunidad de Madrid (junio 2018). Se seleccionó todos los sujetos institucionalizados en residencias sociosanitarias y una muestra aleatoria de los no institucionalizados ajustados por edad y sexo (1: 1). La fuente de datos ha sido la historia clínica electrónica de AP y la de los indicadores del cuadro de mando (eSOAP) de AP. Las variables recogidas han sido: presencia de Diabetes Mellitus, EPOC, HTA y el control de las mismas (sí / no), nivel de riesgo poblacional, nivel de intervención asignado por el profesional (medidas de 0 a 3), número de patologías crónicas e institucionalizado o no.Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables y la comparación en los sujetos institucionalizados y en los no institucionalizados con la prueba de la X2, la t de Student y de la U de Mann Whitney, en función de las variables estudiadas. Resultados: Se estudiaron 81646 sujetos. El 5,4% presentó EPOC, el 22,6% Diabetes Mellitus y el 66,0% HTA, existiendo entre las 3 patologías diferencias significativas (p

Abstract Background Hypertension is responsible for a huge burden of disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of newly diagnosed hypertension on the occurrence of kidney or cardiovascular events (K/CVEs) and on mortality among community dwellers. Methods Retrospective cohort study, conducted from January, 2007, to December, 2018. All patients (age > 18) newly diagnosed with hypertension and no previous K/CVEs in 2007 and 2008, in the primary care centers of Madrid (Spain) (n = 71,770), were enrolled. The control group (n = 72,946) included patients without hypertension, matched by center, sex and age. The occurrence of kidney or CV events, including mortality from these causes and total mortality were evaluated using Cox regression and multistate models. Data were collected from three sources: personal data from administrative records, clinical data from medical records, and mortality data from regional and national databases. Results The median follow-up was 138.61 months (IQR: 124.68–143.97 months). There were 32,896 K/CVEs (including 3,669 deaths from these causes) and 12,999 deaths from other causes. Adjusted for sex, smoking, diabetes and socioeconomic status, K/CVEs HR was 4.36 (95% CI: 3.80–5.00) for diagnoses before 45 years of age, 2.45(95% CI: 2.28- 2.63) for diagnosis between 45 to 54 years, and HR decreased to 1.86 (95% CI: 1.64–210) for diagnoses over age 85. Total mortality risk was only higher for hypertension diagnosed before 55 years of age (HR: 2.47, 95% CI: 1.90–3.19 for ages 18 to 44; and HR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02–1.28 for ages 45 to 54). Conclusion The diagnosis of hypertension in the community environment, in patients without evidence of previous kidney or CV disease, is associated with a large increase in the risk of K/CVEs, but especially in individuals diagnosed before the age of 55. This diagnosis is only associated with an increase in kidney or cardiovascular mortality or overall mortality when it occurs before age 55.

Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de problemas de salud crónicos en inmigrantes y compararla con la de la población autóctona, utilizando la historia clínica electrónica (HCE) de atención primaria (AP). Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal con pacientes de 16 y más años incluidos en el sistema sanitario público de la Comunidad de Madrid. Se estimaron prevalencias ajustadas por edad para cada sexo y nacionalidad (agrupada en regiones) a partir de los episodios de atención registrados en la HCE de AP con alguna anotación en 2005 o 2006. Resultados: El 36,8% de la población inmigrante presentaba alguna enfermedad crónica (55,3% de autóctonos) tras ajustar por edad, con más frecuencia en mujeres y en población de origen africano y latinoamericano. Las enfermedades más prevalentes en los extranjeros fueron las alergias (tasa cruda: 10,2%), las lumbalgias (9,1%), problemas crónicos de piel (6,8%) y trastornos mentales (6,4%). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas es menor en la población extranjera y varía según el sexo y la procedencia.Objective: To estimate the prevalence rates of chronic disorders in immigrants and to compare them with those in the native population, based on electronic clinical records in primary care (ECRPC). Methods: We performed a descriptive cross-sectional study in patients aged 16 and over included in the Madrid Regional Public Health System. Age-adjusted prevalence rates for each sex and region were estimated on the basis of medically examined cases registered in the ECRPC with any new data entry made in 2005 or 2006. Results: After age-adjustment, a total of 36.8% immigrants had some chronic health problem (vs. 55.3% natives). These disorders were more frequent among women and among the population from Africa and Latin America. The highest overall prevalence rates in the foreign population were allergy (10.2% crude rate), low-back pain (9.1%), chronic skin problems (6.8%) and mental disorders (6.4%). Conclusions: The prevalence rate of chronic disease is lower in the foreign population and differs according to sex and country of origin.

Abstract Background Communities of practice are based on the idea that learning involves a group of people exchanging experiences and knowledge. The e-MPODERA project aims to assess the effectiveness of a virtual community of practice aimed at improving primary healthcare professional attitudes to the empowerment of patients with chronic diseases. Methods This paper describes the protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. We will randomly assign 18 primary-care practices per participating region of Spain (Catalonia, Madrid and Canary Islands) to a virtual community of practice or to usual training. The primary-care practice will be the randomization unit and the primary healthcare professional will be the unit of analysis. We will need a sample of 270 primary healthcare professionals (general practitioners and nurses) and 1382 patients. We will perform randomization after professionals and patients are selected. We will ask the intervention group to participate for 12 months in a virtual community of practice based on a web 2.0 platform. We will measure the primary outcome using the Patient-Provider Orientation Scale questionnaire administered at baseline and after 12 months. Secondary outcomes will be the sociodemographic characteristics of health professionals, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients, the Patient Activation Measure questionnaire for patient activation and outcomes regarding use of the virtual community of practice. We will calculate a linear mixed-effects regression to estimate the effect of participating in the virtual community of practice. Discussion This cluster randomized controlled trial will show whether a virtual intervention for primary healthcare professionals improves attitudes to the empowerment of patients with chronic diseases. Trial registration ClicalTrials.gov, NCT02757781 . Registered on 25 April 2016. Protocol Version. PI15.01 22 January 2016.