24 results on '"Lugos, Moses D."'
Search Results
2. Using Immunohistochemistry Without Linkers to Determine the Optimum Concentrations of Primary Antibodies for Immunofluorescence Staining of Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Tissue Sections
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Lugos, Moses D., Davou, Gwom I., Choji, Tobias P.P., Jugu, Kizito P., Ashi, Robert R., Oyero, Steve K., and Perikala, Venkateswarlu
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Longitudinal assessment of an ELISPOT test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
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Hill, Philip C., Brookes, Roger H., Fox, Annette, Jackson-Sillah, Dolly, Jeffries, David J., Lugos, Moses D., Donkor, Simon A., Adetifa, Ifedayo M., de Jong, Bouke C., Aiken, Alex M., Adegbola, Richard A., and McAdam, Keith P.
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Tuberculosis -- Genetic aspects ,Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay -- Comparative analysis ,Tuberculin test -- Comparative analysis - Abstract
ABSTRACT Background Very little longitudinal information is available regarding the performance of T cell-based tests for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. To address this deficiency, we conducted a longitudinal assessment of the [...]
- Published
- 2007
4. ESAT-6 and CFP-10 can be combined to reduce the cost of testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, but CFP-10 responses associate with active disease
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Fox, Annette, Jeffries, David J., Hill, Philip C., Hammond, Abdulrahman S., Lugos, Moses D., Jackson-Sillah, Dolly, Donkor, Simon A., Owiafe, Patrick K., McAdam, Keith P.W.J., and Brookes, Roger H.
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- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Screening for tuberculosis among 2381 household contacts of sputum-smear-positive cases in The Gambia
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Jackson-Sillah, Dolly, Hill, Philip C., Fox, Annette, Brookes, Roger H., Donkor, Simon A., Lugos, Moses D., Howie, Stephen R.C., Fielding, Katherine R., Jallow, Adama, Lienhardt, Christian, Corrah, Tumani, Adegbola, Richard A., and McAdam, Keith P.
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- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Comparison of enzyme-linked immunospot assay and tuberculin skin test in healthy children exposed to mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Hill, Philip C., Brookes, Roger H., Adetifa, Ifedayo M.O., Fox, Annette, Jackson-Sillah, Dolly, Lugos, Moses D., Donkor, Simon A., Marshall, Roger J., Howie, Stephen R.C., Corrah, Tumani, Jeffries, David J., Adegbola, Richard A., and McAdam, Keith P.W.J.
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Diagnosis ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Care and treatment ,Tuberculin test -- Analysis - Abstract
OBJECTIVE. To compare the enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay with the tuberculin skin test (TST) in children for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in the Gambia. METHODS. We divided child contacts of sputum smear-positive tuberculosis cases into 3 age categories ( RESULTS. In child contacts of 287 cases, 225 (32.5%) of 693 were positive by TST and 232 (32.3%) of 718 by ELISPOT. The overall agreement between tests was 83% and the discordance was not significant. Both tests responded to the M tuberculosis exposure gradient in each age category. The percentage of those who were TST positive/ELISPOT negative increased with increasing exposure. At the lowest exposure level, the percentage of ELISPOT-positive children who were TST negative was increased compared with the highest exposure level. Neither test had evidence of false positive results because of BCG. CONCLUSIONS. In Gambian children, the ELISPOT is slightly less sensitive than the TST in the diagnosis of M tuberculosis infection from recent exposure, and neither test is confounded by prior BCG vaccination. Evidence of reduced TST sensitivity in subjects with the lowest known recent M tuberculosis exposure suggests that, when maximal sensitivity is important, the 2 tests may be best used together. Key Words tuberculin skin test, ELISPOT, tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Abbreviations TST--tuberculin skin test BCG--Bacille Calmette Guerin ESAT-6--early secretory antigenic target 6 CFP-10--culture filterate protein 10 ELISPOT--enzyme-linked immunospot MRC--Medical Research Council SFU--spot forming units OR--odds ratio CI--confidence interval TUBERCULOSIS IN [...]
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- 2006
7. Quantitative T cell assay reflects infectious load of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an endemic case contact model
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Hill, Philip C., Fox, Annette, Jeffries, David J., Jackson-Sillah, Dolly, Lugos, Moses D., Owiafe, Patrick K., Donkor, Simon A., Hammond, Abdulrahman S., Corrah, Tumani, Adegbola, Richard A., McAdam, Keith P.W.J., and Brookes, Roger H.
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T cells -- Research ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Risk factors ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Diagnosis ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Care and treatment ,Medical research ,Medicine, Experimental ,Health ,Health care industry - Published
- 2005
8. Large-scale evaluation of enzyme-linked immunospot assay and skin test for diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection against a gradient of exposure in the Gambia
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Hill, Philip C., Brookes, Roger H., Fox, Annette, Fielding, Katherine, Jeffries, David J., Jackson-Sillah, Dolly, Lugos, Moses D., Owiafe, Patrick K., Donkor, Simon A., Hammond, Abdulrahman S., Otu, Jacob K., Corrah, Tumani, Adegbola, Richard A., and McAdam, Keith P.W.J.
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Diagnosis ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Research ,Tuberculosis -- Diagnosis ,Tuberculosis -- Research ,Health ,Health care industry - Published
- 2004
9. Interferon-γ ELISPOT as a Biomarker of Treatment Efficacy in Latent Tuberculosis Infection: A Clinical Trial
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Adetifa, Ifedayo M., Ota, Martin O. C., Jeffries, David J., Lugos, Moses D., Hammond, Abdulrahman S., Battersby, Nicholas J., Owiafe, Patrick K., Donkor, Simon D., Antonio, Martin, Ibanga, Hannah B., Brookes, Roger H., Aka, Peter, Walton, Robert, Adegbola, Richard A., and Hill, Philip C.
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- 2013
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10. Comparison of two interferon gamma release assays in the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease in The Gambia
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Donkor Simon, Jeffries David, Hammond Abdulrahman, Lugos Moses D, Adetifa Ifedayo MO, Adegbola Richard A, and Hill Philip C
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Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background IFN-γ Release Assays (IGRAs) have been licensed for the diagnosis of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Their performance may depend on assay format and may vary across populations and settings. We compared the diagnostic performance of an in-house T -cell and commercial whole blood-based IGRAs for the diagnosis of LTBI and TB disease in The Gambia. Methods Newly diagnosed sputum smear positive cases and their household contacts were recruited. Cases and contacts were bled for IGRA and contacts had a Mantoux skin test. We assessed agreement and discordance between the tests and categorized a contact's level of M. tuberculosis exposure according to where s/he slept relative to a case: the same room, same house or a different house. We assessed the relationship between exposure and test results by multiple logistic regression. Results In 80 newly diagnosed TB cases, the sensitivity of ELISPOT was 78.7% and for QFT-GIT was 64.0% (p = 0.047). Of 194 household contacts 57.1% and 58.8% were positive for ELISPOT and QFT-GIT respectively. The overall agreement between both IGRAs for LTBI in contacts was 71.4% and there was no significant discordance (p = 0.29). There was significant discordance between the IGRAs and TST. Neither IGRA nor TST had evidence of false positive results because of Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) vaccination. However, agreement between QFT-GIT and TST as well as discordance between both IGRAs and TST were associated with BCG vaccination. Both IGRAs responded to the M. tuberculosis exposure gradient and were positively associated with increasing TST induration (p = 0.003 for ELISPOT and p = 0.001 for QFT-GIT). Conclusion The ELISPOT test is more sensitive than the QFT-GIT for diagnosing TB disease. The two tests perform similarly in the diagnosis of LTBI in TB contacts. Significant discordance between the two IGRAs and between each and the TST remain largely unexplained.
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- 2007
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11. Reversion of the ELISPOT test after treatment in Gambian tuberculosis cases
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Donkor Simon A, Lugos Moses D, Jackson-Sillah Dolly, McAdam Keith PWJ, Fox Annette, Hill Philip C, Aiken Alexander M, Adegbola Richard A, and Brookes Roger H
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Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background New tools are required to improve tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and treatment, including enhanced ability to compare new treatment strategies. The ELISPOT assay uses Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigens to produce a precise quantitative readout of the immune response to pathogen. We hypothesized that TB patients in The Gambia would have reduced ELISPOT counts after successful treatment. Methods We recruited Gambian adults with sputum smear and culture positive tuberculosis for ELISPOT assay and HIV test, and followed them up one year later to repeat testing and document treatment outcome. We used ESAT-6, CFP-10 and Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) as stimulatory antigens. We confirmed the reliability of our assay in 23 volunteers through 2 tests one week apart, comparing within and between subject variation. Results We performed an ELISPOT test at diagnosis and 12 months later in 89 patients. At recruitment, 70/85 HIV-negative patients (82%) were ESAT-6 or CFP-10 (EC) ELISPOT positive, 77 (90%) were PPD ELISPOT positive. Eighty-two cases (96%) successfully completed treatment: 44 (55%; p < 0.001) were EC ELISPOT negative at 12 months, 17 (21%; p = 0.051) were PPD ELISPOT negative. Sixty (73%) cured cases had a CFP-10 ELISPOT count decrease, 64 (78%) had an ESAT-6 ELISPOT count decrease, 58 (70%) had a PPD ELISPOT count decrease. There was a mean decline of 25, 44 and 47 SFU/2 × 105 cells for CFP-10, ESAT-6 and PPD respectively (p < 0.001 for all). Three of 4 HIV positive patients were cured, all 3 underwent ELISPOT reversion; all 4 not cured subjects (3 HIV-negative, 1 HIV positive) were ESAT-6, CFP-10 and PPD ELISPOT positive at 12 months. Conclusion Successful tuberculosis treatment is accompanied by a significant reduction in the M. tuberculosis-specific antigen ELISPOT count. The ELISPOT has potential as a proxy measure of TB treatment outcome. Further investigation into the decay kinetics of T-cells with treatment is warranted.
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- 2006
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12. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Close Childhood Contacts of Adults with Pulmonary Tuberculosis is Increased by Secondhand Exposure to Tobacco.
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Adetifa, Ifedayo M. O., Kendall, Lindsay, Donkor, Simon, Lugos, Moses D., Hammond, Abdulrahman S., Owiafe, Patrick K., Ota, Martin O. C., Brookes, Roger H., and Hill, Philip C.
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- 2017
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13. Hemoglobin and Serum Iron Concentrations in Menstruating Nulliparous Women in Jos, Nigeria.
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FMLSCN, Mary-Jane N.Ofojekwu, Nnanna, Ogbonnaya U., Okolie, Charles E., AMLSCN, Lolade A.Odewumi, Isiguzoro, Ikechukwu O. U., and Lugos, Moses. D.
- Subjects
CHI-squared test ,STATISTICAL correlation ,HEMOGLOBINS ,IRON ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MENSTRUAL cycle ,MENSTRUATION ,OVULATION ,PROBABILITY theory ,T-test (Statistics) ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
Background: Low hemoglobin (Hb) and iron deficiency among child bearing females have been linked to decreased immune system function, impaired cognitive functioning and complications in pregnancy. Methods: A total of 106 blood samples from apparently healthy nulliparous female students were assayed for Hb and serum iron concentrations using the cyanmethemoglobin and bathophenanthroline methods, respectively, to evaluate changes that may occur in these parameters at different phases of the reproductive cycle. Results: The mean (SD) Hb values during the ovulatory, menstrual, and follicular phases were 13.27 (1.14) g/dL, 12.05 (1.31) g/dL, and 12.23 (1. 56) g/dL, respectively. The prevalence of anemia (Hb<12 g/dL) was reported among 21 (19.8%) subjects, and 31 subjects declined to complete their samples collection. The mean serum iron concentrations during the 3 phases were 92.98 (18.25) μg/dL, 79.90 (13.14) μg/dL and 70.85 (18.65) μg/dL, respectively. A total of 28 (26.4%) study participants showed iron deficiency (serum level, <65 μg/dL). These variations in the values of Hb and serum iron concentrations were statistically significant in the 3 phases. However, no significant difference was observed in Hb concentrations between the menstrual and follicular phases. Of interest, a positive correlation was observed between the hemoglobin and serum iron concentrations within the phases, with the exception of a few cases that showed negative correlations. Conclusion: Menstruation has been shown to be the major cause of anemia and iron deficiency in nulliparous women. A prophylactic dose of iron and folate supplements may be indicated for menstruating females to cushion the adverse effects of menstruation on ematologic status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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14. Decay Kinetics of an Interferon Gamma Release Assay with Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy in Newly Diagnosed Tuberculosis Cases.
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Adetifa, Ifedayo M. O., Ota, Martin O. C., Walther, Brigitte, Hammond, Abdulrahman S., Lugos, Moses D., Jeffries, David J., Donkor, Simon A., Adegbola, Richard A., and Hill, Philip C.
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BIOMARKERS ,MYCOBACTERIAL diseases ,LUNG diseases ,CHEST diseases ,ANTINEOPLASTIC agents ,ANTIVIRAL agents ,DRUG therapy ,GAMMA rays ,IONIZING radiation - Abstract
Background: Qualitative and quantitative changes in IGRA response offer promise as biomarkers to monitor Tuberculosis (TB) drug therapy, and for the comparison of new interventions. We studied the decay kinetics of TB-specific antigen T-cell responses measured with an in-house ELISPOT assay during the course of therapy. Methods: Newly diagnosed sputum smear positive TB cases with typical TB chest radiographs were recruited. All patients were given standard anti-TB treatment. Each subject was followed up for 6 months and treatment outcomes were documented. Blood samples were obtained for the ESAT-6 and CFP-10 (EC) ELISPOT at diagnosis, 1-, 2-, 4- and 6-months. Qualitative and quantitative reversion of the ELISPOT results were assessed with McNemar test, conditional logistic regression and mixed-effects hierarchical Poisson models. Results: A total of 116 cases were recruited and EC ELISPOT was positive for 87% (95 of 109) at recruitment. There was a significant decrease in the proportion of EC ELISPOT positive cases over the treatment period (p<0.001). Most of the reversion occurred between the start and first month of treatment and at completion at 6 months. ESAT-6 had higher median counts compared to CFP-10 at all time points. Counts for each antigen declined significantly with therapy (p<0.001). Reverters had lower median SFUs at the start of treatment compared to non-Reverters for both antigens. Apart from the higher median counts for non-Reverters, no other risk factors for non-reversion were found. Conclusions: TB treatment induces qualitative and quantitative reversion of a positive in-house IGRA in newly diagnosed cases of active TB disease. As this does not occur reliably in the majority of cured individuals, qualitative and quantitative reversion of an IGRA ELISPOT has limited clinical utility as a surrogate marker of treatment efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
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15. Commercial Interferon Gamma Release Assays Compared to the Tuberculin Skin Test for Diagnosis of Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Childhood Contacts in the Gambia.
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Adetifa, Ifedayo M. O., Ota, Martin O. C., Jeffries, David J., Hammond, Abdulrahman, Lugos, Moses D., Donkor, Simon, Patrick, Owiafe, Adegbola, Richard A., and Hill, Philip C.
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- 2010
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16. Evaluation of the Contribution of Major T Cell Subsets to IFN-γ Production in TB Infection by ELISPOT.
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Lugos, Moses D., Adetifa, Ifedayo M. O., Donkor, Simon, Hill, Philip C., Adegbola, Richard A., and Ota, Martin O. C.
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T cells , *TUBERCULOSIS , *IMMUNE response , *BIOMARKERS , *ANTIGENS , *INFECTION - Abstract
Interferon gamma remains a key effector molecule that is still widely used as the most informative biomarker for screening human immune responses against tuberculosis, particularly in ELISPOT assays. We investigated the participation of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the PBMC responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) specific antigens in 33 TB cases and 49 contacts. Responses to ESAT-6 were higher than CFP-10. There was no significant difference in responses to both Mtb antigens between cases and contacts. PBMCs response to ESAT-6 but not CFP-10 in cases was significantly reduced by depletion of CD4+ cells whereas CD8+ cell depletion had no impact. In conclusion, ESAT-6 is a more recognized antigen in this population, and CD4+ lymphocytes are the main participants in IFN-γ response by ELISPOT. Thus, a decline of CD4+ T lymphocytes below a critical level might affect the sensitivity of IFN-γ release assays for detecting Mtb infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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17. Incidence of Tuberculosis and the Predictive Value of ELISPOT and Mantoux Tests in Gambian Case Contacts.
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Hill, Philip C., Jackson-Sillah, Dolly J., Fox, Annette, Brookes, Roger H., de Jong, Bouke C., Lugos, Moses D., Adetifa, Ifedayo M., Donkor, Simon A., Aiken, Alex M., Howie, Stephen R., Corrah, Tumani, McAdam, Keith P., and Adegbola, Richard A.
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TUBERCULOSIS diagnosis ,ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay ,TUBERCULIN test ,HOST-parasite relationships ,GENOTYPE-environment interaction ,DISEASE incidence ,DISEASE progression - Abstract
Background. Studies of Tuberculosis (TB) case contacts are increasingly being utilised for understanding the relationship between M. tuberculosis and the human host and for assessing new interventions and diagnostic tests. We aimed to identify the incidence rate of new TB cases among TB contacts and to relate this to their initial Mantoux and ELISPOT test results. Methods and Findings. After initial Mantoux and ELISPOT tests and exclusion of co-prevalent TB cases, we followed 2348 household contacts of sputum smear positive TB cases. We visited them at 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months and 24 months, and investigated those with symptoms consistent with TB. Those who were diagnosed separately at a government clinic had a chest x-ray. Twenty six contacts were diagnosed with definite TB over 4312 person years of follow-up (Incidence rate 603/100,000 person years; 95% Confidence Interval, 370-830). Nine index and secondary case pairs had cultured isolates available for genotyping. Of these, 6 pairs were concordant and 3 were discordant. 2.5% of non-progressors were HIV positive compared to 12% of progressors (HR 6.2; 95% CI 1.7-22.5; p = 0.010). 25 secondary cases had initial Mantoux results, 14 (56%) were positive ; 21 had initial ELISPOT results, 11 (52%) were positive; 15 (71%) of 21 tested were positive by one or the other test. Of the 6 contacts who had concordant isolates with their respective index case, 4 (67%) were Mantoux positive at recruitment, 3 (50%) were ELISPOT positive; 5 (83%) were positive by one or other of the two tests. ELISPOT positive contacts, and those with discordant results, had a similar rate of progression to those who were Mantoux positive. Those negative on either or both tests had the lowest rate of progression. Conclusions. The incidence rate of TB disease in Gambian TB case contacts, after screening for co-prevalent cases, was 603/100,000 person years. Since initial ELISPOT test and Mantoux tests were each positive in only just over half of cases, but 71% were positive by one or other test, positivity by either might be the best indication for preventive treatment. These data do not support the replacement of the Mantoux test by an ELISPOT test in The Gambia or similar settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
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18. Comparison of two interferon gamma release assays in thediagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease in The Gambia.
- Author
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Adetifa, Ifedayo M. O., Lugos, Moses D., Hammond, Abdulrahman, Jeffries, David, Donkor, Simon, Adegbola, Richard A., and Hill, Philip C.
- Subjects
- *
MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis , *IMMUNOASSAY , *COMMUNICABLE disease diagnosis , *INFECTION , *DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Background: IFN-γ Release Assays (IGRAs) have been licensed for the diagnosis of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Their performance may depend on assay format and may vary across populations and settings. We compared the diagnostic performance of an in-house T -cell and commercial whole blood-based IGRAs for the diagnosis of LTBI and TB disease in The Gambia. Methods: Newly diagnosed sputum smear positive cases and their household contacts were recruited. Cases and contacts were bled for IGRA and contacts had a Mantoux skin test. We assessed agreement and discordance between the tests and categorized a contact's level of M. tuberculosis exposure according to where s/he slept relative to a case: the same room, same house or a different house. We assessed the relationship between exposure and test results by multiple logistic regression. Results: In 80 newly diagnosed TB cases, the sensitivity of ELISPOT was 78.7% and for QFT-GIT was 64.0% (p = 0.047). Of 194 household contacts 57.1% and 58.8% were positive for ELISPOT and QFT-GIT respectively. The overall agreement between both IGRAs for LTBI in contacts was 71.4% and there was no significant discordance (p = 0.29). There was significant discordance between the IGRAs and TST. Neither IGRA nor TST had evidence of false positive results because of Bacille Calmette Gu&erin;rin (BCG) vaccination. However, agreement between QFT-GIT and TST as well as discordance between both IGRAs and TST were associated with BCG vaccination. Both IGRAs responded to the M. tuberculosis exposure gradient and were positively associated with increasing TST induration (p = 0.003 for ELISPOT and p = 0.001 for QFT-GIT). Conclusion: The ELISPOT test is more sensitive than the QFT-GIT for diagnosing TB disease. The two tests perform similarly in the diagnosis of LTBI in TB contacts. Significant discordance between the two IGRAs and between each and the TST remain largely unexplained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Reversion of the ELISPOT test after treatment in Gambian tuberculosis cases.
- Author
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Aiken, Alexander M, Hill, Philip C, Fox, Annette, McAdam, Keith PWJ, Jackson-Sillah, DollY, Lugos, Moses D, Donkor, Simon A, Adegbola, Richard A, and and Roger H Brookes
- Subjects
TUBERCULOSIS ,COMMUNICABLE diseases ,LUNG diseases ,MYCOBACTERIAL diseases - Abstract
Background: New tools are required to improve tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and treatment, including enhanced ability to compare new treatment strategies. The ELISPOT assay uses Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigens to produce a precise quantitative readout of the immune response to pathogen. We hypothesized that TB patients in The Gambia would have reduced ELISPOT counts after successful treatment. Methods: We recruited Gambian adults with sputum smear and culture positive tuberculosis for ELISPOT assay and HIV test, and followed them up one year later to repeat testing and document treatment outcome. We used ESAT-6, CFP-10 and Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) as stimulatory antigens. We confirmed the reliability of our assay in 23 volunteers through 2 tests one week apart, comparing within and between subject variation. Results: We performed an ELISPOT test at diagnosis and 12 months later in 89 patients. At recruitment, 70/85 HIV-negative patients (82%) were ESAT-6 or CFP-10 (EC) ELISPOT positive, 77 (90%) were PPD ELISPOT positive. Eighty-two cases (96%) successfully completed treatment: 44 (55%; p < 0.001) were EC ELISPOT negative at 12 months, 17 (21%; p = 0.051) were PPD ELISPOT negative. Sixty (73%) cured cases had a CFP-10 ELISPOT count decrease, 64 (78%) had an ESAT-6 ELISPOT count decrease, 58 (70%) had a PPD ELISPOT count decrease. There was a mean decline of 25, 44 and 47 SFU/2 × 10
5 cells for CFP-10, ESAT-6 and PPD respectively (p < 0.001 for all). Three of 4 HIV positive patients were cured, all 3 underwent ELISPOT reversion; all 4 not cured subjects (3 HIV-negative, 1 HIV positive) were ESAT-6, CFP-10 and PPD ELISPOT positive at 12 months. Conclusion: Successful tuberculosis treatment is accompanied by a significant reduction in the M. tuberculosis-specific antigen ELISPOT count. The ELISPOT has potential as a proxy measure of TB treatment outcome. Further investigation into the decay kinetics of T-cells with treatment is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Large-Scale Evaluation of Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay and Skin Test for Diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection against a Gradient of Exposure in The Gambia.
- Author
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Brookes, Roger H., Fox, Annette, Fielding, Katherine, Jeffries, David J., Jackson-Sillah, Dolly, Lugos, Moses D., Owiafe, Patrick K., Donkor, Simon A., Hammond, Abdulrahman S., Otu, Jacob K., Corrah, Tumani, Adegbola, Richard A., McAdam, Keith P. W. J., and Hill, Philip C.
- Subjects
MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis ,SKIN tests ,ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay ,BCG vaccines ,DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
The purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection lacks specificity. We assessed 2 more specific M. tuberculosis antigens (ESAT-6 and CFP-10) by enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) compared with PPD by ELISPOT and skin test in The Gambia. Of 735 household contacts of 130 sputum smear–positive tuberculosis cases, 476 (65%) tested positive by PPD ELISPOT, 300 (41%) tested positive by PPD skin test, and 218 (30%) tested positive by ESAT-6/CFP-10 ELISPOT. Only 15 (2%) had positive ESAT- 6/CFP-10 results and negative PPD results by ELISPOT. With increasing M. tuberculosis exposure, the percentage of subjects who were PPD skin test positive/ESAT-6/CFP-10 ELISPOT negative increased (P < .001) whereas the percentage of subjects who were PPD skin test negative/PPD ELISPOT positive decreased (Pp ). Eighteen (31%) SAT-6/CFP-10 ELISPOT–positive subjects in the lowest exposure category had negative .011 PPD skin test results. ESAT-6/CFP-10 ELISPOT probably offers increased specificity in the diagnosis of M. tuberculosis infection in this tropical setting of endemicity, at the cost of some sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
21. Comparative analysis of the nutritional, biochemical and hematological parameters of pregnant women attending the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.
- Author
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Emeribe AU, Dangana A, Isa HA, Onoja SO, Otu TO, Ibrahim Y, Mohd Jamil AA, Nwofe JO, Lugos MD, Aliyu D, Haruna S, Mallam MAB, Maijiddah Aminu S, Yahaya H, Oyewusi S, Bakare M, and Abdullahi IN
- Abstract
Background: Despite the efforts to encourage the intake of nutritional supplements during antenatal periods, there are still many cases of anemia and protein-energy malnutrition during pregnancy. Hence, this study determined the incidence of anemia, protein-energy malnutrition, and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Abuja, Nigeria., Materials and Methods: This hospital-based, case-control study involved randomly selected 176 pregnant and non-pregnant women attending the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH), Gwagwalada, Nigeria. Hemoglobin and hematocrit measurements were used to determine anemia incidence, while plasma protein, zinc levels and body mass index (BMI) were used to determine energy index status. Complete blood counts were analyzed using 5 parts-automatic hemo-analyzer, while plasma protein and zinc were analyzed using calorimetric method. Anemia and protein-energy malnutrition were defined using the World Health Organization (WHO) cut-off values., Results: The mean age of participants was 28.75 ± 5.22 years. Out of 176 participants, 7 (4%) were malnourished while 25% of the participants were anemic. Anemia was significantly associated with participants' occupation (p = 0.002), parity (p<0.001) and gestational age (p<0.001). Most hematological indices, plasma globulin, albumin, protein, and zinc levels were significantly different (p<0.001) among non-pregnant and pregnant women of the first, second and third trimesters., Conclusion: The incidence of anemia and malnutrition was high among study participants. There is a need for improved nutritional intervention, increased awareness and strengthening of health systems in the area of maternal health in Nigeria., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest None declared., (© the Author(s).)
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- 2022
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22. Using ELISPOT to expose false positive skin test conversion in tuberculosis contacts.
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Hill PC, Jeffries DJ, Brookes RH, Fox A, Jackson-Sillah D, Lugos MD, Donkor SA, de Jong BC, Corrah T, Adegbola RA, and McAdam KP
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, BCG Vaccine immunology, Child, Child, Preschool, Ethnicity, Female, Gambia, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sputum microbiology, Tuberculosis microbiology, Tuberculosis prevention & control, Young Adult, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay methods, False Positive Reactions, Tuberculin Test, Tuberculosis diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: Repeat tuberculin skin tests may be false positive due to boosting of waned immunity to past mycobacterial exposure. We evaluated whether an ELISPOT test could identify tuberculosis (TB) contacts with boosting of immunity to non-tuberculous mycobacterial exposure., Methodology/principal Findings: We conducted tuberculin and ELISPOT tests in 1665 TB contacts: 799 were tuberculin test negative and were offered a repeat test after three months. Those with tuberculin test conversion had an ELISPOT, chest X-ray and sputum analysis if appropriate. We compared converters with non-converters, assessed the probability of each of four combinations of ELISPOT results over the two time points and estimated boosting with adjustment for ELISPOT sensitivity and specificity. 704 (72%) contacts had a repeat tuberculin test; 176 (25%) had test conversion, which increased with exposure to a case (p = 0.002), increasing age (p = 0.0006) and BCG scar (p = 0.06). 114 tuberculin test converters had ELISPOT results: 16(14%) were recruitment positive/follow-up positive, 9 (8%) positive/negative, 34 (30%) negative/positive, and 55 (48%) were negative/negative. There was a significant non-linear effect of age for ELISPOT results in skin test converters (p = 0.038). Estimates of boosting ranged from 32%-41% of skin test converters with increasing age. Three converters were diagnosed with TB, two had ELISPOT results: both were positive, including one at recruitment., Conclusions/significance: We estimate that approximately one third of tuberculin skin test conversion in Gambian TB case contacts is due to boosting of immunity to non-tuberculous mycobacterial exposure. Further longitudinal studies are required to confirm whether ELISPOT can reliably identify case contacts with tuberculin test conversion that would benefit most from prophylactic treatment.
- Published
- 2007
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23. Surprisingly high specificity of the PPD skin test for M. tuberculosis infection from recent exposure in The Gambia.
- Author
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Hill PC, Brookes RH, Fox A, Jackson-Sillah D, Lugos MD, Jeffries DJ, Donkor SA, Adegbola RA, and McAdam KP
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Antigens, Bacterial immunology, Bacterial Proteins immunology, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Contact Tracing statistics & numerical data, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay methods, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay statistics & numerical data, Female, Gambia epidemiology, Housing, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Sensitivity and Specificity, T-Lymphocytes immunology, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary prevention & control, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary transmission, Contact Tracing methods, Tuberculin Test statistics & numerical data, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: Options for intervention against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection are limited by the diagnostic tools available. The Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) skin test is thought to be non-specific, especially in tropical settings. We compared the PPD skin test with an ELISPOT test in The Gambia., Methodology/principal Findings: Household contacts over six months of age of sputum smear positive TB cases and community controls were recruited. They underwent a PPD skin test and an ELISPOT test for the T cell response to PPD and ESAT-6/CFP10 antigens. Responsiveness to M. tuberculosis exposure was analysed according to sleeping proximity to an index case using logistic regression. 615 household contacts and 105 community controls were recruited. All three tests assessed increased significantly in positivity with increasing M. tuberculosis exposure, the PPD skin test most dramatically (OR 15.7; 95% CI 6.6-35.3). While the PPD skin test positivity continued to trend downwards in the community with increasing distance from a known case (61.9% to 14.3%), the PPD and ESAT-6/CFP-10 ELISPOT positivity did not. The PPD skin test was more in agreement with ESAT-6/CFP-10 ELISPOT (75%, p = 0.01) than the PPD ELISPOT (53%, p<0.0001). With increasing M. tuberculosis exposure, the proportion of ESAT-6/CFP-10 positive contacts who were PPD skin test positive increased (p<0.0001), and the proportion of ESAT-6/CFP-10 negative contacts that were PPD skin test negative decreased (p<0.0001); the converse did not occur., Conclusions/significance: The PPD skin test has surprisingly high specificity for M. tuberculosis infection from recent exposure in The Gambia. In this setting, anti-tuberculous prophylaxis in PPD skin test positive individuals should be revisited.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. ESAT-6/CFP-10 fusion protein and peptides for optimal diagnosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by ex vivo enzyme-linked immunospot assay in the Gambia.
- Author
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Hill PC, Jackson-Sillah D, Fox A, Franken KL, Lugos MD, Jeffries DJ, Donkor SA, Hammond AS, Adegbola RA, Ottenhoff TH, Klein MR, and Brookes RH
- Subjects
- Antigens, Bacterial genetics, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Ethnicity, Female, Gambia, Housing, Humans, Male, Peptide Fragments analysis, Recombinant Fusion Proteins analysis, Tuberculosis transmission, Antigens, Bacterial analysis, Bacterial Proteins analysis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolation & purification, Tuberculosis diagnosis
- Abstract
Overlapping peptides of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10 offer increased specificity over the purified protein derivative skin test when they were used in an ex vivo enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay for gamma interferon detection for the diagnosis of M. tuberculosis infection from recent exposure. We assessed whether equivalent results could be obtained for a fusion protein of the two antigens and whether a combined readout would offer increased sensitivity in The Gambia. We studied the ELISPOT assay results for 488 household contacts of 88 sputum smear-positive tuberculosis (TB) cases. The proportions of subjects positive by each test and by the tests combined were assessed across an exposure gradient, defined according to sleeping proximity to a TB case. Eighty-eight (18%) subjects were positive for CFP-10 peptides, 148 (30%) were positive for ESAT-6 peptides, 161 (33%) were positive for both peptides, and 168 (34%) were positive for the fusion protein; 188 (39%) subjects had either a positive result for a peptide or a positive result for the fusion protein. There was reasonable agreement between the peptide and the protein results (kappa statistic = 0.78) and no significant discordance (P = 0.38). There was a strong correlation between the fusion protein and combined peptide spot counts (r = 0.9), and responses to the peptide and the proteins all increased significantly according to M. tuberculosis exposure. The proportion of subjects positive for either the pool of peptides or the fusion protein offered maximum sensitivity, being significantly higher than the proportion of subjects positive for ESAT-6 peptides alone (P = 0.007). A fusion protein of ESAT-6 and CFP-10 is equivalent to overlapping peptides for the diagnosis of latent M. tuberculosis infection. Use of a combination of peptides and fusion protein offers improved sensitivity.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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