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Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is the main component of rice tablets (a pesticide), which produces phosphine gas (PH3) when exposed to stomach acid. The most important symptoms of PH3 toxicity include, lethargy, tachycardia, hypotension, and cardiac shock. It was shown that Iodine can chemically react with PH3, and the purpose of this study is to investigate the protective effects of Lugol solution in poisoning with rice tablets. Five doses (12, 15, 21, 23, and 25 mg/kg) of AlP were selected, for calculating its lethal dose (LD50). Then, the rats were divided into 4 groups: AlP, Lugol, AlP + Lugol, and Almond oil (as a control). After 4 h, the blood pressure and electrocardiogram (ECG) were recorded, and blood samples were obtained for biochemical tests, then liver, lung, kidney, heart, and brain tissues were removed for histopathological examination. The results of the blood pressure showed no significant changes (P > 0.05). In ECG, the PR interval showed a significant decrease in the AlP + Lugol group (P < 0.05). In biochemical tests, LDH, Ca2+, Creatinine, ALP, Mg2+, and K+ represented significant decreases in AlP + Lugol compared to the AlP group (P < 0.05). Also, the administration of Lugol's solution to AlP-poisoned rats resulted in a significant decrease in malondialdehyde levels and a significant increase in catalase activity (P < 0.05). Histopathological evaluation indicates that Lugol improves changes in the lungs, kidneys, brain, and heart. Our results showed that the Lugol solution could reduce tissue damage and oxidative stress in AlP-poisoned rats. We assume that the positive effects of Lugol on pulmonary and cardiac tissues are due to its ability to react directly with PH3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Preoperative iodine therapy in toxic nodular goiter (TNG) is discouraged as iodine may cause aggravation of hyperthyroidism. We aimed to examine if a short course of iodine treatment is safe to administer in TNG. Methods: Patients with TNG (n=20) and subclinical to mild hyperthyroidism (free (f)T4 <30 pmol/L) without complicating illnesses were included in this pre-postintervention study at Karolinska University Hospital. All participants received Lugol's solution 5%, three oral drops thrice daily for 10 days. Heart rate, TSH, fT4, fT3 concentrations were collected before (day 0) and after treatment (day 10). Thyroid hormone concentrations were also measured at two time points during treatment to discover aggravations of hyperthyroidism. ThyPRO39se, a quality-of-life questionnaire, was filled out day 0 and day 10. Differences in heart rate, thyroid hormone concentrations, and quality-of-life before and after treatment were compared. Adverse reactions were reported. Results: The median age was 63.5 years. Female to male ratio 19:1. FT4 and fT3 concentrations decreased (both p<0.001), and TSH concentration increased (p<0.001) after 10 days of treatment. There was no difference in heart rate. No aggravations of thyrotoxicosis were noticed in any of the participants. ThyPRO39se scores improved on three scales, including hyperthyroid symptoms, while the remaining scale scores were unchanged. Mild and transient symptoms related to or possibly related to treatment were observed in six participants. Conclusion: A short course of Lugol's solution improved thyroid hormone concentrations, reduced patient-reported hyperthyroid symptoms and was safe in TNG. Lugol's solution might be an option for preoperative treatment in TNG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Among the hive products of stingless bees (SB), honey is distinguished because it has different physicochemical properties than the honey produced by Apis mellifera. Its taste is more acidic and less sweet, and it naturally contains a higher percentage of water. Honey is one of the most frequently adulterated products marketed. Therefore, this work aimed to verify if the qualitative tests performed for A. mellifera honey are also valid for SB honey from Tetragonisca angustula, Melipona quadrifasciata, and Tetragona elongata and if they can detect the most common adulterations. Adulterations of SB honey with corn syrup, inverted sugar, and A. mellifera honey were simulated and tested with Lugol, Fiehe, and Lund reactions. For these three analyses, sample volume reduction was also tested. The Lund test did not work well with honey samples from SB because they have a higher water content, and reliable results could not be obtained. For the other two tests, the sample volume reduction used was efficient. The Fiehe test detected adulteration with corn syrup only. The Lugol test detected corn syrup and inverted sugar adulterations in all dilutions for all three SB species. No adulteration by added water or honey from A. mellifera was detected in any test. Therefore, using the qualitative Lugol’s reaction test to evaluate SB honey quality is reasonably affordable. Since it is a rapid and inexpensive test, it allows the development of production chains for SB honey. Thus, detecting inauthentic honey can be done by combining qualitative tests as the first screening, followed by quantitative tests if necessary.

PurposePreoperative iodine therapy in toxic nodular goiter (TNG) is discouraged as iodine may cause aggravation of hyperthyroidism. We aimed to examine if a short course of iodine treatment is safe to administer in TNG.MethodsPatients with TNG (n=20) and subclinical to mild hyperthyroidism (free (f)T4

Phytoplankton play a key role in marine ecosystems, making the accurate quantification of functional groups/species, using standardized microscopy techniques, essential in many research efforts. In this study we aimed to evaluate the effects of (a) storage time on the abundance of microphytoplankton in samples fixed with acid Lugol's solution; (b) storage time on the abundance of pico- and nanophytoplankton in frozen microscopy slides; (c) storage time on the abundance of pico- and nanophytoplankton in fixed refrigerated samples and (d) storage protocol (refrigerated versus frozen) on the abundance of pico- and nanophytoplankton. Microphytoplankton were analyzed using inverted microscopy, and pico- and nanophytoplankton using epifluorescence microscopy. Results indicate storage time negatively impacted the abundances of all phytoplankton size classes; however, effects were group-specific. For accurate abundance estimates, we suggest that samples fixed with acid Lugol's should be analyzed within 30 and 180 days, for dinoflagellates/total microphytoplankton and diatoms, respectively. For picoeukaryotes, glutaraldehyde fixed samples should be kept refrigerated for up to 4 days, and slides should be prepared immediately before observation. It is recommended that authors specify the exact lag times between sample collection, fixation and analysis, to allow the comparability of phytoplankton datasets across different studies and/or monitoring programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purkinje fibres (PFs) play an important role in some ventricular arrhythmias and acute ventricular stretch can evoke mechanically-induced arrhythmias. We tested whether Purkinje fibres, play a role in these arrhythmias. Pseudo-ECGs were recorded in isolated, Langendorff-perfused, rabbit hearts in which the left ventricular endocardial surface was also irrigated with Tyrode, via an indwelling catheter placed in the left ventricular lumen. The number and period of ectopic activations was measured during left ventricular lumen inflation via an indwelling fluid-filled balloon (500 pL added over 2 s and maintained for 15 s in total). Mechanically-induced arrhythmias occurred in 70% of balloon inflations: they were maximal in the first 5 s and ceased within 15 s. Brief, (10 s) irrigation of the left ventricular lumen with Lugol solution (IK/I2), via the indwelling catheter, reduced inflation-induced ectopics by 98% (p < 0.05). Ablation of endocardial PFs by Lugol was confirmed by Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride staining. Optical mapping revealed the left ventricular epicardial activation patterns of ectopics could have PF-mediated and focal sources. In silico modelling predicted ectopic sources originating in the endocardial region propagate to and through the Purkinje fibres network. Acute distention-induced ectopics are multi-focal, their attenuation by Lugol, their activation patterns and in silico modelling indicate a participation of Purkinje fibres in these arrhythmias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purkinje fibres (PFs) play an important role in some ventricular arrhythmias and acute ventricular stretch can evoke mechanically-induced arrhythmias. We tested whether Purkinje fibres, play a role in these arrhythmias. Pseudo-ECGs were recorded in isolated, Langendorff-perfused, rabbit hearts in which the left ventricular endocardial surface was also irrigated with Tyrode, via an indwelling catheter placed in the left ventricular lumen. The number and period of ectopic activations was measured during left ventricular lumen inflation via an indwelling fluid-filled balloon (500 μL added over 2 s and maintained for 15 s in total). Mechanically-induced arrhythmias occurred in 70% of balloon inflations: they were maximal in the first 5 s and ceased within 15 s. Brief, (10 s) irrigation of the left ventricular lumen with Lugol solution (IK/I2), via the indwelling catheter, reduced inflation-induced ectopics by 98% (p < 0.05). Ablation of endocardial PFs by Lugol was confirmed by Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride staining. Optical mapping revealed the left ventricular epicardial activation patterns of ectopics could have PF-mediated and focal sources. In silico modelling predicted ectopic sources originating in the endocardial region propagate to and through the Purkinje fibres network. Acute distention-induced ectopics are multi-focal, their attenuation by Lugol, their activation patterns and in silico modelling indicate a participation of Purkinje fibres in these arrhythmias.

Background: The evidential value of saliva in stains encountered in crime investigations can be of considerable importance. Whether the stains are a result of expectoration or a consequence of some sexual or violent act resulting in saliva being mixed with other body fluids, the investigating forensic expert is faced with two fundamental problems: localization of stain and visualization of stain. Visualization of saliva is problematic unlike other body fluids like blood which has its own internal marker (i.e., hemoglobin) or semen that can be easily identified by acid phosphatase method. Aim: Evaluate of lugol's Iodine as an easy, chair side screening tool for identification of saliva from the crime scene. Materials and Methods: In the present study saliva stains on different fabrics viz. silk, polyester, linen, jute, cotton, georgette, sarton and other items like paper cups, chocolate wrapper aluminium, plastic bags, stainless steel spoon (cutlery) were examined using Lugol's iodine. Result: Lugol's Iodine test was found to give Positive results for saliva stains on different fabrics and it was also found that the stains on different fabrics gives positive results for saliva even after washing with water, but none of the fabrics gave positive results for saliva after washing with detergents and alcohol. Conclusion: From the above study it is concluded that Saliva is retained in fabrics even after washing with water. Detergents fades off the color of stain and alcohol darkens the colour of stain from study items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT. Endometritis merupakan peradangan pada endometrium yang dapat mengakibatkan gangguan fungsi ovarium. Biasanya sapi yang mengalami endometritis memiliki Corpus luteum (CL) di ovarium. Pemberian terapi yang sesuai dan efektif sangat penting dalam penanganan kasus endometritis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan diameter CL pada sapi Aceh penderita endometritis setelah terapi lugol 2% dan PGF2α secara intra uteri menggunakan teknik ultrasonografi. Enam ekor sapi Aceh betina (n=6) yang telah didiagnosa menderita endometritis dengan kisaran umur 5-10 tahun, dibagi dalam 2 kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok 1 (K1, n=3) diberi perlakuan dengan terapi larutan lugol 2% sebanyak 50 ml/ekor secara i.u. Kelompok 2 (K2, n=3) diberi perlakuan dengan terapi lugol 2% 50 ml ditambah PGF2α 12,5 mg/ekor secara i.u. Pemeriksaan dilakukan setelah terapi selama 24 hari. Hasil analisis statistik penurunan diameter CL tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata pada kedua kelompok perlakuan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terapi sapi-sapi Aceh endometritis menggunakan kombinasi lugol 2% dan PGF2α kurang efektif terhadap penyembuhan berdasarkan gambaran ultrasonografi CL pada ovarium sapi Aceh endometritis. (Ultrasonography of corpus luteum endometritis Aceh cows after intra uterine therapy of lugol and PGF2α) ABSTRAK. Endometritis is an inflammation in the endometrium that can resulted from disturbance of normal ovarian function. Giving appropriate therapy and effective is very important in handling case endometritis. Usually cows that experience endometritis has Corpus luteum (CL) in the ovary. This research aim was to know the changes in diameter of CL at Aceh cows sufferer endometritis after therapy lugol 2% and PGF2α with intra-uterine infusion using ultrasound technique. Six Aceh cow females (n=6) who have been diagnosed suffer from endometritis with range age 5 to 10 years, divided in to 2 groups of treatment. Group 1 (K1, n=3) was given treatment with therapy solution lugol 2% as much as 50 ml/head in a manner i.u. Group 2 (K2, n=3) was given treatment with therapy lugol 2% 50 ml plus PGF2α 12,5 mg/head in a manner i.u. Examination done after therapy for 24 days. The results of the statistical analysis showed no significant differences in the two treatment groups. Could be concluded that treatment endometritis Aceh cows use combination lugol 2% and PGF2α is lacking effective to healing based on picture ultrasonography CL on ovary endometritis Aceh cows.

Introducción: El lugol es una solución compuesta por yodo elemental (5%), yoduro de potasio (10%) y agua destilada, utilizada durante las colposcopias para detectar alteraciones celulares en el cérvix. Reporte de caso: Paciente femenina de 31 años, que tuvo un evento de anafilaxia noventa minutos después de la colposcopia, tratada exitosamente con hidrocortisona por vía intramuscular y desclorfeniramina. Durante la colposcopia se aplicó lugol y ácido acético. La prueba de prick con lugol resultó positiva, con formación de una pápula de 9 x 7 mm, al igual que las pruebas intradérmicas para lugol y yodo elemental. Cuatro controles fueron negativos, excepto para yodo elemental, que resultó irritante en intradermorreacción. Se descartó reactividad cruzada con otras soluciones yodadas (Betadine®) y (Yoduk®). Conclusión: Reportamos un caso raro de alergia a lugol con prick positivo y una reacción clínica sugerente, con tolerancia a otras preparaciones yodadas y a yoduro de potasio.

ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of lugol on the increasing the pregnancy rate in repeat breeding (RB) Aceh cows due to endometritis. This study used six endometritis’s cows, aged 5-7 years, weighed 150-250 kg which were divided into two groups (n=3), KI and KII. The cows in group 1 (K1) were injected with 5 ml PGF2α, while the cows in group 2 (KII) were treated with 50 ml of 2% lugol intra-uterine and continued with an injection of 5 ml PGF2α after healing. The detection of estrus was performed twice a day following by artificial insemination (AI) about 10-16 hours after the onset of estrus. Determination of pregnancy was performed by ultrasonography (USG) on the 25th day after AI. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that all endometritis ’cows in KI and KII present estrous signs (100%). However, only one cow was recovered in K2, whereas in K1 did not. After AI, one pregnant cow was observed in KII (33.3%), while none of the pregnant cows was found in K1 (0.0%). It is concluded that the lugol treatment for endometritis’s Aceh cows can improve the pregnancy rate. (Efektivitas larutan lugol untuk meningkatkan persentase kebuntingan pada sapi Aceh yang mengalami endometritis) ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian larutan lugol terhadap peningkatan persentase kebuntingan sapi Aceh yang mengalami RB. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan enam ekor sapi Aceh betina dewasa, umur 5-7 tahun, bobot badan 150-250 kg, sudah pernah beranak, dan didiagnosis mengalami endometritis. Seluruh sapi dibagi menjadi dua kelompok (n=3). Pada kelompok 1 (K1), sapi endometritis diterapi dengan 50 ml lugol 2% secara intra uteri dan setelah sembuh dilanjutkan dengan penyuntikan 5 ml PGF2α. Sapi pada kelompok 2 (K2) hanya diinjeksi dengan 5 ml PGF2α. Deteksi berahi dilakukan sebanyak dua kali per hari dan inseminasi buatan (IB) dilakukan sekitar 10-16 jam setelah awal berahi. Pemeriksaan kebuntingan dilakukan dengan ultrasonografi (USG) pada hari ke-25 setelah IB. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Dari masing-masing kelompok, hanya satu ekor sapi pada K2 yang dinyatakan sembuh yaitu sapi pada kelompok kedua. Persentase sapi yang menjadi estrus pada kedua kelompok masing-masing adalah 100%. Dari tiga ekor sapi yang diinseminasi pada masing-masing kelompok, hanya satu ekor sapi pada K2 (33,3%) yang menunjukkan hasil positif bunting sedangkan pada K1 tidak terdapat sapi yang menunjukkan hasil positif (0,0%). Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian larutan lugol pada sapi Aceh yang mengalami endometritis dapat meningkatkan persentase kebuntingan sapi Aceh.

Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate whether rodent shoulder specimens fixed in formaldehyde for histological and histomorphometric investigations and specimens stained using Lugol’s solution for soft tissue visualization by micro-computed tomography (microCT) are still eligible to be used for bone architecture analysis by microCT. Methods In this controlled laboratory study, 11 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. After sacrifice and exarticulation both shoulders of healthy rats were assigned into three groups: (A) control group (n = 2); (B) formaldehyde group (n = 4); (C) Lugol group (n = 5). Half of the specimens of groups B and C were placed in a 4% buffered formaldehyde or Lugol’s solution for 24 h, whereas the contralateral sides and all specimens of group A were stored without any additives. MicroCT of both sides performed in all specimens focused on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone microstructure parameters. Results BMD measurements revealed higher values in specimens after placement in Lugol’s solution (p < 0.05). Bone microstructure analyses showed increased BV/TV and Tb.Th values in group C (p < 0.05). Specimens of group C resulted in clearly decreased Tb.Sp values (p < 0.05) in comparison to the control group. Formaldehyde fixation showed minimally altered BMD and bone microstructure measurements without reaching any significance. Conclusions MicroCT scans of bone structures are recommended to be conducted natively and immediately after euthanizing rats. MicroCT scans of formaldehyde-fixed specimens must be performed with caution due to a possible slight shift of absolute values of BMD and bone microstructure. Bone analysis of specimens stained by Lugol’s solution cannot be recommended.

Achalasia is a rare benign esophageal motility disease caused by the impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, which results from nerve damage. Patients with achalasia are known to have a high risk of esophageal cancer. Here, we present the case of a patient with achalasia and esophageal cancer in whom the Lugol‐voiding areas (LVAs) could be improved by pneumatic dilation and the extending area of esophagus cancer could become clear. In achalasia patients, LVAs are modified by inflammation and appear wider than their actual size. Moreover, some parts of LVAs in achalasia patients might be reversible by treatments that improve delayed emptying. When the spread of esophagus cancer is unclear due to the detection of numerous LVAs by Lugol chromoendoscopy, the treatments that improve delayed emptying first may be effective in accurately diagnosing the extending area of esophagus cancer.

Background: This study aimed to investigate whether rodent shoulder specimens fixed in formaldehyde for histological and histomorphometric investigations and specimens stained using Lugol's solution for soft tissue visualization by micro-computed tomography (microCT) are still eligible to be used for bone architecture analysis by microCT. Methods: In this controlled laboratory study, 11 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. After sacrifice and exarticulation both shoulders of healthy rats were assigned into three groups: (A) control group (n = 2); (B) formaldehyde group (n = 4); (C) Lugol group (n = 5). Half of the specimens of groups B and C were placed in a 4% buffered formaldehyde or Lugol's solution for 24 h, whereas the contralateral sides and all specimens of group A were stored without any additives. MicroCT of both sides performed in all specimens focused on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone microstructure parameters. Results: BMD measurements revealed higher values in specimens after placement in Lugol's solution (p < 0.05). Bone microstructure analyses showed increased BV/TV and Tb.Th values in group C (p < 0.05). Specimens of group C resulted in clearly decreased Tb.Sp values (p < 0.05) in comparison to the control group. Formaldehyde fixation showed minimally altered BMD and bone microstructure measurements without reaching any significance. Conclusions: MicroCT scans of bone structures are recommended to be conducted natively and immediately after euthanizing rats. MicroCT scans of formaldehyde-fixed specimens must be performed with caution due to a possible slight shift of absolute values of BMD and bone microstructure. Bone analysis of specimens stained by Lugol's solution cannot be recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For purpose of investigation of graft union and other graft properites in grafted grapevine production, the histological studies are conducted. For this, graft samples are stored in a fixation solution and later sections are stained by using some histological staining methods. Being examined of previously unapplied a fixation method and different staining methods has constituted the importance of this study, in histological investigation of grapevine graft samples. In grapevine graft samples fixation, 70% ethyl alcohol and formaldehyde: glacial acetic acid: alcohol (FAA) fixatives have been used in general. But also, another fixative solution, glycerin: alcohol: water solution is used for lignocellulosic tissue fixation. In this study, observing dissimilar effects between these fixation methods in grapevine graft samples fixation was aimed. As a result, it's thought that, glycerin: alcohol: water fixation method may be suggestible for grapevine graft samples fixatiation. Furthermore, different histological staining methods as toluidine blue, safranin + hematoxylin dual staining and safranin + Lugol's solution dual staining were compared; toluidine blue was forefront and safranin + Lugol's solution was second. And it's seen that, because of staining graft properties (continuity of cambium and vascular differentiation etc.) clearer, toluidine blue is suggestible for graft section staining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To validate a new method for the evaluation of pulp tissue debridement in the root canals of extracted teeth using an impregnation protocol involving potassium triiodide, a radiocontrast solution known as Lugol's, combined with micro‐computed tomographic (micro‐CT) imaging. Methodology: The impact of NaOCl on the radiopacity of Lugol's solution was assessed using a two‐fold dilution series of Lugol in distilled water and 5.25% NaOCl, which were then pipetted into transparent dishes and radiographed. To verify the influence of Lugol on the proteolytic effect of NaOCl, a dissolution test was performed using fresh bovine meat. Ten slices did not undergo any tissue processing, whilst twenty slices were fixed in formaldehyde for 24 h. After that, 10 of them were immersed in Lugol for another 24 h. Then, all specimens were placed in NaOCl and the time required for a complete tissue dissolution was recorded. For the last experiments (histological validation and micro‐CT assessment), 8 extracted mandibular premolars with formerly vital pulps were immersed in buffered formalin, scanned in a micro‐CT device, accessed, immersed in Lugol for 7 days and scanned again. Then, the root canals of 5 teeth were prepared and scanned, and the volume of remaining pulp tissue identified and quantified, whilst 3 teeth were histologically processed. The same specimens were subjected to histological assessment, and the images of the histologic sections were registered with the corresponding micro‐CT images to verify whether the pulp tissue in the histological sections matched its counterpart in the Lugol‐impregnated tissues identified in the micro‐CT slices. Results: There was no discernible effect on radiopacity when NaOCl was mixed with Lugol's solution. Tissue processing did not affect the time required for the complete dissolution of fresh bovine meat. Histological evaluation revealed a correlation between micro‐CT and histological images confirming the identification of Lugol‐impregnated pulp tissue in micro‐CT images. Conclusions: The radiocontrast Lugol's solution was unaffected by NaOCl and did not interfere with its soft tissue dissolution capability. The impregnation protocol using Lugol's solution allowed the visualization of pulp tissue on the micro‐CT images and the identification of pulp remnants after chemical–mechanical canal procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Electrical impedance spectra foster bacterial detection and identification knowledge. • Gram-positive-gram-negative bacteria are differentiated as of impedance measurements. • The time evolution of electrical properties is closely linked to bacterial growth. This research work reports the time evolution of the electrical properties of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in aqueous suspensions with methyl violet and Lugol; measurements of galvanostatic electrical impedance spectra were made in a frequency range of 10 Hz to 100 kHz. The magnitude of the impedance as a function of frequency for methicillin-resistant strains, Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive), and Escherichia coli O157: H7 (gram-negative) in the presence of methyl violet and Lugol, showed that both strains exhibited a progressive decrease in the magnitude of the electrical impedance with an increasing bacterial population; however, the variation in the magnitude rate of the impedance over time is completely different between the gram-positive and gram-negative strains. The results suggest that the time evolution of the electrical impedance spectra can be used to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus from Escherichia coli bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Endometritis is an inflammation of the uterine wall that may decrease fertility in the short term and may lead to sterility in the long term. This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of lugol for endometritis therapy in aceh cow. This study used three aceh cows that had been diagnosed endometritis by ultrasonography. The three aceh cows were then treated with 20 ml of 2% lugol intra-uterine. Observation of the uterine healing process was performed by using transrectal ultrasonography for 24 days after treated with lugol. Parameters observed were uterine diameter, the thickness of the endometrium and the presence of mucus and discharge in the uterus. The result showed that the three cows did not show a significant change. A cream-yellowish discharge came out from the uterus continuously, the diameter of uterine was still large and the sonograph of endometrial displayed as a hyperechoic until the 24th day after therapy. In conclusion, the use of 2% Lugol as a therapy for endometritis in aceh cows during 24 days is not effective on the uterine healing of endometritis’s cows.

Achalasia is a rare benign esophageal motility disease caused by the impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, which results from nerve damage. Patients with achalasia are known to have a high risk of esophageal cancer. Here, we present the case of a patient with achalasia and esophageal cancer in whom the Lugol‐voiding areas (LVAs) could be improved by pneumatic dilation and the extending area of esophagus cancer could become clear. In achalasia patients, LVAs are modified by inflammation and appear wider than their actual size. Moreover, some parts of LVAs in achalasia patients might be reversible by treatments that improve delayed emptying. When the spread of esophagus cancer is unclear due to the detection of numerous LVAs by Lugol chromoendoscopy, the treatments that improve delayed emptying first may be effective in accurately diagnosing the extending area of esophagus cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytoplankton is the basis for aquatic food webs and mirrors the water quality. Conventionally, phytoplankton analysis has been done using time consuming and partly subjective microscopic observations, but next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies provide promising potential for rapid automated examination of environmental samples. Because many phytoplankton species have tough cell walls, methods for cell lysis and DNA or RNA isolation need to be efficient to allow unbiased nucleic acid retrieval. Here, we analyzed how two phytoplankton preservation methods, three commercial DNA extraction kits and their improvements, three RNA extraction methods, and two data analysis procedures affected the results of the NGS analysis. A mock community was pooled from phytoplankton species with variation in nucleus size and cell wall hardness. Although the study showed potential for studying Lugol-preserved sample collections, it demonstrated critical challenges in the DNA-based phytoplankton analysis in overall. The 18S rRNA gene sequencing output was highly affected by the variation in the rRNA gene copy numbers per cell, while sample preservation and nucleic acid extraction methods formed another source of variation. At the top, sequence-specific variation in the data quality introduced unexpected bioinformatics bias when the sliding-window method was used for the quality trimming of the Ion Torrent data. While DNA-based analyses did not correlate with biomasses or cell numbers of the mock community, rRNA-based analyses were less affected by different RNA extraction procedures and had better match with the biomasses, dry weight and carbon contents, and are therefore recommended for quantitative phytoplankton analyses.

Phytoplankton is the basis for aquatic food webs and mirrors the water quality. Conventionally, phytoplankton analysis has been done using time consuming and partly subjective microscopic observations, but next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies provide promising potential for rapid automated examination of environmental samples. Because many phytoplankton species have tough cell walls, methods for cell lysis and DNA or RNA isolation need to be efficient to allow unbiased nucleic acid retrieval. Here, we analyzed how two phytoplankton preservation methods, three commercial DNA extraction kits and their improvements, three RNA extraction methods, and two data analysis procedures affected the results of the NGS analysis. A mock community was pooled from phytoplankton species with variation in nucleus size and cell wall hardness. Although the study showed potential for studying Lugol-preserved sample collections, it demonstrated critical challenges in the DNA-based phytoplankton analysis in overall. The 18S rRNA gene sequencing output was highly affected by the variation in the rRNA gene copy numbers per cell, while sample preservation and nucleic acid extraction methods formed another source of variation. At the top, sequence-specific variation in the data quality introduced unexpected bioinformatics bias when the sliding-window method was used for the quality trimming of the Ion Torrent data. While DNA-based analyses did not correlate with biomasses or cell numbers of the mock community, rRNA-based analyses were less affected by different RNA extraction procedures and had better match with the biomasses, dry weight and carbon contents, and are therefore recommended for quantitative phytoplankton analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1 - The quali-quantitative analysis of phytoplankton guild is usually carried out according to the method of Uthermöl (or sedimentation method), but in each step can be present a component of error that can affect the reliability of the final result, from sampling to data analysis. 2 - The following work is intended to focus attention on an important aspect of the phytoplankton analysis: the fixation, with the aim of assessing the effect of two chemical fixatives, formalin and Lugol's solution, on the taxonomic composition and size structure of phytoplankton guilds. Accordingly, water samples were collected from three different water bodies, coastal marine area facing the Alimini Lake (Southern Adriatic Sea), transitional water (Alimini Grande Lake) and freshwater (Fontanelle Lake). The three water bodies are characterized by a different taxonomic structure of phytoplankton guilds due to difference in chemical-physical and hydrodynamic conditions. 3 - The samples were fixed and then analyzed according to a monthly time series for a period of 125 days. 4 - This study clearly shows that do not exist a better fixative, but on the basis of the phytoplankton classes observed in a sample we could prefer one of the two fixative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to collect new information about pollen morphology and pollen wall structure comparing Cupressus species from the Old World and New World. Cupressus is a nonmonophyletic genus that includes species that appear to be divided into Old World and New World clades. Observations in this study on cypress pollen indicate that grain size and composition of intine β-glucans are different between the considered Old World and New World species. Different from all the other American cypress species, pollen of C. macrocarpa reacted to dying in a similar manner to Old World species. Rehydrated pollen grains collected from 20 Asian, Afro-Mediterranean and American cypress species were measured under a light microscope. The size of the pollen grains and the percentage of intine in relation to the pollen grain diameter were significantly different between Old World and New World species. Pollen wall composition was tested after addition of different dyes to the hydration solution, and subsequent observations were carried out by light and fluorescence microscopy. Lugol and calcofluor staining showed differences in composition of the middle and inner intine layers between New World and Old World species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Introduction:: Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SCCE) is diagnosed late and carries a poor prognosis. Lugol chromoendoscopy (LC) has being shown a useful tool in the management of patients at high risk for SCCE. Biomarkers such as p53 protein expression may be present in the esophageal mucosa long before esophageal symptoms or lesions appear and may aid in early diagnosis. This study was carried out to investigate the p53 immunoexpression in esophageal mucosa of smokers and alcohol consumers and study its relationship with different degrees of histological findings and the role of LC to detect areas that express p53. Methods: Group 1: One hundred and eighty-two asymptomatic subjects at high risk for SCCE (consumption of more than 80g of ethanol and 10 cigarettes/day for at least 10 years). Group 2: Twenty healthy volunteers who neither smoked nor consumed alcohol. Both groups underwent upper GI endoscopy plus LC, with biopsies of the esophageal mucosa. Expression of p53 protein was compared to histological findings. Results: Group 1: There was 25/182 (14%) Lugol''s unstained areas. p53 protein was expressed in a stepwise fashion according to the severity of the histological findings: normal mucosa (12/103 or 12%), mild esophagitis (6/43 or 14%), moderate esophagitis (4/18 or 22%), severe esophagitis (1/3 or 33%), low-grade dysplasia (4/11 or 36%), high-grade dysplasia (2/2 or 100%) and squamous cell carcinoma (2/2 or 100%) (p =0.001). Nine in 25 (36%) patients with Lugol''s unstained areas and 22/157 (14%) with normal appearing Lugol''s stained mucosa expressed p53. Group 2: There was no Lugol unstained areas. The histological analysis and immunohistochemistry for p53 were normal with the exception of two patients that presented mild esophagitis and expressed p53. Unstained areas were 3.5 times (95% CI: 1.2–9.6) more likely to express p53 then stained ones. Alcoholics/smokers were 1.9 (95% CI: 0.4–8) times more likely to express p53 than non-alcoholics/non smokers. Conclusions: In this study, we find an association between histological alterations, p53 expression and Lugol''s unstained areas. It may point to a higher risk for SCCE. Smokers and alcohol drinkers with normal mucosa or chronic esophagitis that express p53 protein may represent an unrecognized sub-group of individuals that may benefit from surveillance or intervention. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Preoperative administration of a saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI) is recommended in the guidelines for the management of hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease. Studies addressing its effect on complications after thyroidectomy are inconclusive., Methods: Retrospective multicenter Propensity Score study of patients undergoing total thyroidectomy for Graves' disease, from January 2013 to September 2019 in two tertiary centers in Madrid, Spain. Patients were given SSKI prior to surgery or not according to surgeons' preferences. Electronic clinical records were reviewed searching: baseline characteristics surgical variables, pathological findings, and postoperative complications., Results: Ninety patients were analyzed: 44 received SSKI and 46 were not given SSKI. No significant differences were found in the main postoperative complications with or without SSKI: transient hypoparathyroidism (40.9% vs. 50%), permanent hypoparathyroidism (6.8% vs. 13%), transient recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy (2.3% vs. 8.7%), definitive RLN palsy (2.3% vs. 2.2%), or cervical hematoma (2.3% vs. 4.3%)., Conclusion: Preoperative administration of SSKI had no impact on postoperative complications after thyroidectomy for Graves' disease., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of treatment protocols on fertility in cows without the diagnosis of endometritis on postpartum period. Materials and Methods: The study consisted of 380 randomly selected cows with first lactation and milking for 17-30 days. In the study, there were 4 groups, 3 trials and 1 control group. Lugol Group (n=118) was treated with lugol iodide diluted with physiological saline, Peracetic Group (n=81) treated with acid solution diluted with physiological saline and Antibiotic Group (n=89) treated with a combination of oxytetracycline hydrochloride, trimethoprim and sulfadoxine. The Control Group (n=92) was not treated. Trial groups were scored 1-3 according to vaginal discharge and uterus score. Results: As a result of the study, the rates of total pregnancy for Group Lugol, Group Perasetic, Group Antibiotic and Group Control were 52,5%, 33,3%, 62,9%, 56,5%, respectively (p Conclusion: In the early postpartum period, the application of intrauterine antibiotics or antiseptics routinely to cows regardless of the endometritis situation does not contribute significantly to fertility. In addition, the use of high irritation chemicals in this period propably may cause damage to the healthy endometrial tissue, leading to a decrease in fertility rates.

Introduction: Lugol is helpful in identifying early second primary tumors (SPTs) during oroscopy and pharyngoscopy, but this technique has not been assessed during follow-up visits with these patients., Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the use of Lugol (a low-cost method) to diagnose SPTs in the oral cavity and oropharynx., Methods: Patients treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A was examined with routine oroscopy and pharyngoscopy without Lugol, and Group B was examined with routine oroscopy and pharyngoscopy without stain and with Lugol. A total of 211 patients were included during 4 years., Results: Six oral and oropharynx carcinomas were detected in Group A. Eighteen oral and oropharynx carcinomas were detected in Group B, twelve of which were not seen without chromoscopy but were detected with Lugol., Conclusion: Lugol increases the detection of malignant lesions compared to routine examination alone., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.

Aim: To compare the tolerability of magnifying narrow band imaging endoscopy for esophageal cancer screening with that of lugol chromoendoscopy., Methods: We prospectively enrolled and analyzed 51 patients who were at high risk for esophageal cancer. All patients were divided into two groups: a magnifying narrow band imaging group, and a lugol chromoendoscopy group, for comparison of adverse symptoms. Esophageal cancer screening was performed on withdrawal of the endoscope. The primary endpoint was a score on a visual analogue scale for heartburn after the examination. The secondary endpoints were scale scores for retrosternal pain and dyspnea after the examinations, change in vital signs, total procedure time, and esophageal observation time., Results: The scores for heartburn and retrosternal pain in the magnifying narrow band imaging group were significantly better than those in the lugol chromoendoscopy group (P = 0.004, 0.024, respectively, ANOVA for repeated measures). The increase in heart rate after the procedure was significantly greater in the lugol chromoendoscopy group. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to other vital sign. The total procedure time and esophageal observation time in the magnifying narrow band imaging group were significantly shorter than those in the lugol chromoendoscopy group (450 ± 116 vs 565 ± 174, P = 0.004, 44 ± 26 vs 151 ± 72, P < 0.001, respectively)., Conclusion: Magnifying narrow band imaging endoscopy reduced the adverse symptoms compared with lugol chromoendoscopy. Narrow band imaging endoscopy is useful and suitable for esophageal cancer screening periodically.