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13. Analysis of heroin effects on calcium channels in rat cardiomyocytes based on transcriptomics and metabolomics

Author

Su Liping, Liu Li, Ji Min, Hu Xiayun, Liang Min, Lu Ziyang, Wang Zhiguo, Guan Yaling, Xiao Jinling, Zhuang Mengjie, Zhu Sensen, Yang Long, and Pu Hongwei

Subjects
heroin, transcriptomics, action potential, l-calcium channel, arrhythmia, Medicine
Abstract

Heroin can cause damage to many human organs, possibly leading to different types of arrhythmias and abnormal electrophysiological function of the heart muscle and the steady state of calcium-ion channels. We explored cardiomyocytes treated with heroin and the effect on calcium-ion channels. Transcriptomics and metabolomics were used to screen for differential genes and metabolite alterations after heroin administration to jointly analyze the effect of heroin on calcium channels in cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes from primary neonatal rats were cultured in vitro and were treated with different concentrations of heroin to observe the changes in morphology and spontaneous beat frequency and rhythm by a patch clamp technique. Transcriptomic studies selected a total of 1,432 differentially expressed genes, 941 upregulated and 491 downregulated genes in rat cardiomyocytes from the control and drug intervention groups. Gene Ontology functional enrichment showed that 1,432 differential genes selected by the two groups were mainly involved in the regulation of the multicellular organismal process, response to external stimulus, myofibril, inflammatory response, muscle system process, cardiac muscle contraction, etc. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis indicated that these genes were mainly concentrated in cardiac muscle contraction, osteoclast differentiation, adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and other important pathways. Metabolomic testing further suggested that cardiomyocyte metabolism was severely affected after heroin intervention. After the treatment with heroin, the L-type calcium channel current I–V curve was up-shifted, the peak value was significantly lower than that of the control group, action potential duration 90 was significantly increased in the action potential, resting potential negative value was lowered, and action potential amplitude was significantly decreased in cardiomyocytes. In this study, heroin could cause morphological changes in primary cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats and electrophysiological function. Heroin can cause myocardial contraction and calcium channel abnormalities, damage the myocardium, and change the action potential and L-type calcium channel.

Published
2023
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32. Extension of Aqueous Zinc Battery Life Using a Robust and Hydrophilic Polymer Separator.

Author

Wu, Gang, Zhu, Ruijie, Yang, Wuhai, Yang, Yang, Okagaki, Jun, Lu, Ziyang, Sun, Jianming, Yang, Huijun, and Yoo, Eunjoo

Subjects
DENDRITIC crystals, AQUEOUS electrolytes, DENDRITES, POROSITY, GLASS fibers
Abstract

The use of zinc (Zn) metal as an anode in aqueous batteries offers an eco‐friendly and cost‐effective energy storage solution. However, Zn dendrite formation severely restricts the cycle life of the battery toward practical application. Herein, a commercially hydrophilic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane is demonstrated as a separator to significantly extend the cycle life of the Zn metal anode. In contrast with the conventional fragile glass fiber separator, a wetted PTFE separator exhibited high mechanical strength (stress of 34.3 MPa at 41.4% strain) and favorable hydrophilicity, which both efficiently suppress dendrite growth. The uniform and robust pore structures are proven to facilitate a homogeneous Zn2+ ion flux and a high transfer number of Zn2+ (0.81), which has guaranteed reversible Zn plating/stripping. As a proof of concept, the PTFE separator extended the cycle life considerably to over 3000 h and promoted a Zn plating/stripping efficiency of 99.5% in the unmodified 2 m ZnSO4 aqueous electrolyte. This advancement underscores the significant potential of the PTFE separator for enhancement of the cycling durability of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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39. Amide‐Engineered Metal–Organic Porous Liquids Toward Enhanced CO2 Photoreduction Performance.

Author

Xu, Yangrui, Ren, Yewei, Zhou, Guosheng, Feng, Sheng, Yang, Zhenzhen, Dai, Sheng, Lu, Ziyang, and Zhou, Tianhua

Subjects
CARBON dioxide mitigation, PHOTOREDUCTION, LIQUIDS, METAL-organic frameworks, POROUS polymers
Abstract

The development of alternative catalytic systems toward high‐performance CO2 photoreduction is considered to be a promising approach to address the future energy demand and reduce the CO2 emissions. However, CO2 molecules are thermodynamically stable in nature, and thus the adsorption and activation of CO2 on the surface of catalysts are the key factors to determine the conversion efficiency. Herein, a porous liquid (NH2‐UIO‐66 PL) is demonstrated for efficiently facilitating the adsorption and activation of CO2 by modification of metal–organic framework (NH2‐UIO‐66) with ionic liquid via amide bonds. CdS/NH2‐UIO‐66 PL exhibits high‐performance CO2‐to‐CO photoreduction with CO yield of 71.37 µmol g−1 h−1 and selectivity of 100%. Experiments and theoretical calculations show that the introduced amide moieties not only enriched the electron density at Zr4+ active sites but also stabilize *COOH intermediate. The achievements provide an effective strategy for the development of metal–organic frameworks for energy catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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50. Spaced Double Hydrogen Bonding in an Imidazole Poly Ionic Liquid Composite for Highly Efficient and Selective Photocatalytic Air Reductive H2O2 Synthesis.

Author

Cheng, Yu, Jin, Jie, Yan, Huan, Zhou, Guosheng, Xu, Yangrui, Tang, Liguang, Liu, Xinlin, Li, Hongping, Zhang, Kan, and Lu, Ziyang

Subjects
HYDROGEN bonding, DOUBLE bonds, IMIDAZOLES, IONIC liquids, ELECTRON donors, IMINO group, POLYMERIZED ionic liquids
Abstract

Photocatalytic oxygen reductive H2O2 production is a promising approach to alternative industrial anthraquinone processes while suffering from the requirement of pure O2 feedstock for practical application. Herein, we report a spaced double hydrogen bond (IC−H‐bond) through multi‐component Radziszewski reaction in an imidazole poly‐ionic‐liquid composite (SI‐PIL‐TiO2) and levofloxacin hydrochloride (LEV) electron donor for highly efficient and selective photocatalytic air reductive H2O2 production. It is found that the IC−H‐bond formed by spaced imino (−NH−) group of SI‐PIL‐TiO2 and carbonyl (−C=O) group of LEV can switch the imidazole active sites characteristic from a covered state to a fully exposed one to shield the strong adsorption of electron donor and N2 in the air, and propel an intenser positive potential and more efficient orbitals binding patterns of SI‐PIL‐TiO2 surface to establish competitive active sites for selectivity O2 chemisorption. Moreover, the high electron enrichment of imidazole as an active site for the 2e− oxygen reduction ensures the rapid reduction of O2. Therefore, the IC−H‐bond enables a total O2 utilization and conversion efficiency of 94.8 % from direct photocatalytic air reduction, achieving a H2O2 production rate of 1518 μmol/g/h that is 16 and 23 times compared to poly‐ionic‐liquid composite without spaced imino groups (PIL‐TiO2) and TiO2, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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