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A new technique is suggested in this paper for optimal electrical power energy production and demand forecasting in China. The paper provides a new improved design of the Search and Rescue algorithm for better optimization of the forecasting models. This study is performed based on three scenarios on the electrical power energy production and demand in the period 2020–2050. The study utilizes linear and quadratic models for electricity energy production and demand prediction of the analyzed scenarios. The improved Search and Rescue algorithm in the study is designed based on import and export, gross domestic product (GDP), and population. All of the models based on the scenarios are applied for optimal prediction of electrical power energy generation and demand. The results show that the proposed optimal quadratic models based on the Improved Search and Rescue algorithm provides the fittest results with economic indicators.

A techno-economic study has been proposed for an off-grid combined renewable energy system (HRES) by photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cell (FC) systems. The proposed HRES has been studied to provide electricity for a remote area in Jiaju Tibetan Village, Danba, Sichuan Province China The main idea is formulated according to the Total Annual Cost (TAC). The study uses a new improved metaheuristic, called Amended Water Strider Algorithm (AWSA) to optimal estimation of the photovoltaic panels’ number, electrolyzer, fuel cells, and hydrogen storage tanks to get the minimum value of the overall net present value (ONPV). For increasing the system efficiency, the loss of power supply probability (LPSP) has been considered. Sensitivity analysis is used on the changing of the proposed HRES according to Levelized cost of energy (LCOE). Also, a comparison of the algorithm with several techniques from the literature is performed to illustrate its effectiveness. The results showed that the proposed method has further proper results than the other algorithms.

The use of fossil fuels leads to depletion of fuel reserves and environmental pollution. One way to achieve a sustainable future in urban areas and remote communities is to use the independent renewable energy systems. Meanwhile, solar energy is one of the most common sources of energy generation that has attracted of the world. The present study provides the comprehensive examine the performance of two parabolic dish collector and flat-plate collector from energy, exergy, Enviroeconomic and Exergoenviroeconomic view of points. To examine the performance of solar systems, the climatic conditions of two different cities in Asia (Beijing and Tehran) have been used. In addition, the performance of the systems is investigated under different parameters and using different working fluids and MWCNT nanoparticle. It was found that the both solar systems have better overall performance in Tehran than in Beijing. Moreover, in the months when the solar collector has lower exergy efficiency, its use in Tehran compared to that Beijing has a better exergy performance than other months. In addition, the lowest and highest Levelized Cost of Energy are belong to dish collector (in Tehran with water) and flat plate collector (in Beijing with Dowtherm Q), respectively. For Tehran, LCOE of dish collector increases more than 5.5-fold when using water/MWCNT nanofluid instead of water.

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)/sodium citrate (SC)/lipid tea polyphenol (LTP) photophobic films with different pore sizes from micron scale to nanometer scale were prepared by regulating the SC content (1–7%). The microstructures, physical and sustained antioxidant properties of these films were studied by using wide angel X-ray diffraction, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), scanning electron microscope, whiteness meter, ultraviolet spectrophotometer, texture analyzer and peroxide value test. Composite films with higher SC content showed larger pore size and whiteness. With the increasing SC content, crystallinity first increased then decreased. The addition of SC decreased the D s (surface fractal dimension) value, smoothness of the cross-section structure, tensile strength, elongation and modulus of composite films. HPMC/SC/LTP microporous films possessed control-release property in oil system, reflected by the lowest peroxide value of peanut oil enclosed in film with 3% SC during three weeks, meaning this film showed the best sustained antioxidant property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photophobic (white) films were prepared by mixing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) of different molecular weights with sodium citrate (SC). Wide angle X-ray diffractometry, small angle X-ray scattering, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, whiteness determination and texture analysis were used to investigate the effect of HPMC molecular weight on the aggregation structures and properties of HPMC film. The crystalline integrity decreased with the increased molecular weight of HPMC for these HPMC/SC films. Similar crystallinity was observed for 6HPMC/SC and 15HPMC/SC, which was larger than that of 50HPMC/SC. All the three HPMC/SC film showed surface fractal structure with similar D s. With the increasing molecular weight of HPMC, the HPMC/SC film showed honeycomb structures with smaller holes and more compact porous structure, T g first increased and then decreased a little, the tensile strength and elongation increased with the increasing HPMC molecular weight. 50HPMC/SC films with the smallest pores showed the largest whiteness. A new T g ' peak was observed for HPMC/SC film. • Effect of HPMC molar mass on structural properties of HPMC/SC films was studied. • The HPMC/SC film with higher HPMC molar mass showed smaller and more compact holes. • The tensile strength and elongation increased with the increasing molar mass of HPMC. • 50 HPMC/SC films with the smallest pores showed the largest whiteness. • New T g ′ peak was observed for HPMC/SC film, with the most obvious for 6 HPMC/SC film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Monosodium phosphate (MP), sodium citrate (SC), sodium lactate (SL) and magnesium citrate (MC) can be blended with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) to make photophobic (white) films at lower drying temperatures. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), wide angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), whiteness determination, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and texture analysis were adopted to study the variation of microstructures and properties. These four kinds of HPMC/salt films showed decreased crystallinity and increased compactness and smoothness of the self-similar structures in larger scale ranges. HPMC/MP, HPMC/SC and HPMC/SL film showed coarser and porous morphologies, lower mechanical parameters and higher whiteness than pure HPMC film. HPMC/MC film showed smoother morphologies, higher tensile strength, elongation and whiteness than pure HPMC film. Porous structures and more compact self-similar structures might contribute to the photophobic property of these films, and relatively smooth morphology might dominate the increasing mechanical parameters of HPMC/MC film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the post-COVID-19 era, environmental pollution has been a serious threat to public health. Enterprises are in urgent need of enhancing green technology innovation as the main source of pollutant emissions, and it is necessary for governments to support green innovation of enterprises to reduce pollutant emissions and promote public health. In this context, this paper investigates whether the Ambient Air Quality Standard (AAQS) implemented in 2012 in China contributes to green innovation of enterprises, to provide implications for environmental protection and public health. By using panel data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2020, this study adopts the difference-in-difference model to analyze the policy impact of environmental regulation on green innovation of enterprises and its internal mechanism. The results show that AAQS has significantly improved the green innovation of enterprises. Furthermore, AAQS affects the green innovation of enterprises by virtue of two mechanism paths: compliance cost effect and innovation offset effect. On the one hand, AAQS leads to an increase in production costs of enterprises, thus inhibiting green innovation activities of enterprises. On the other hand, AAQS encourages enterprises to increase R&D investment in green technology, thus enhancing their green innovation. In addition, the impact of AAQS on firms' green innovation has heterogeneous characteristics. Our findings not only enrich the studies of environmental regulation and green innovation of enterprises but also provide policymakers in China and other developing countries with implications for environmental protection and public health improvement., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Zhang, Xu, Shan, Duan, Lu and Lyu.)