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To keep pace with the demands of modern photonic integration technology, the electro-optic modulator should feature multi-parameter tunable components and a compact size. Here, we propose a hybrid structure that can modulate the multi-parameters of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) simultaneously with a compact size by controlling the electron concentration of indium tin oxide (ITO) in the near-infrared spectrum. The length, width and height of the device are only 15 μm, 5 μm and 9 μm, respectively. The numerical results show that when the electron concentration in ITO changes from 7.5 × 1026 m−3 to 9.5 × 1026 m−3, the variation in amplitude, wavelength and phase are 49%, 300 nm and 347°, respectively. The demonstrated structure paves a new way for multi-parameter modulation and the realization of ultracompact modulators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher-order topological insulators, which go beyond the conventional bulk-boundary correspondence, have become a hot research topic in recent years. In this paper, we propose a two dimensional second-order topological photonic crystal based on a C4 symmetric lattice. By tuning the distance between the dielectric cylinders, the topological phase transition of the structure is realized, one edge state and two types of corner states (one topological and one trivial corner state) are found. Our findings provide an evolution of bulk–corner–edge–corner–bulk in a hierarchy of dimensions, which enriches the study of corner states in photonic systems. Besides, we distinguish two corner states by discussing robustness and mode area, and we verify the topological corner state can be embedded in the bulk states, forming a bound state in continuum by simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the silicon photonics integrated circuits, the optical switch plays a vital role in many applications. Large scale integration requires low switching power and fast switching speed. However the switching time and switching power of silicon thermo-optic switch are typically limited to tens of micro-seconds and tens of milli-watts, respectively. In this paper, we designed and fabricated a silicon thermo-optic switch with spiral optical phase shifters, which can reduce the switching power from 21.5 mW to 8.73 mW compared to the optical switch with straight phase shifters. Furthermore, we optimized the pulse driving, we proposed the calculation formula of the pulse voltage, and the overall quantitative scheme of the pulse voltage and pulse width. By adopting the optimized pulse driving, the switching time is reduced from 27 μs to 4 μs. The proposed silicon thermo-optic switch unit with optimized pulse driving is very promising for the applications where large scale integration of optical switches is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limited by large transmission loss, the development of transverse electric (TE) mode silicon-on-insulator (SOI) based on-chip long length chirped grating waveguide faces many difficulties now. To overcome this problem, multi-mode waveguide with a measured transmission loss of 0.7 dB/cm is applied in this paper, and a chirped spiral Bragg grating waveguide (SBGW) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The length of the chirped SBGW reaches 2.7 cm, which is the longest SOI based grating reported so far. The total group delay is measured to be 628 ps, with a structure size of only 0.3 mm2 due to the application of spiral configuration. The slope of the linear dispersion is -27.7 ps/nm. This integrated chirped SBGW shows great compatibility with frequently used TE mode SOI devices and has great potential for applications in microwave photonics requiring dispersion control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Silicate salts are difficult to be dissolved in brackish water and seawater. • Fouling propensity of membrane is not a function of silica in the feed water. • Al3+ exhibited superior silica removal efficiency than Fe3+. • 90.2% of 28 mg/L of Si from brackish water was removed by electrocoagulation. Continuous increase in the world's population is posing serious threat to the fresh water reserves all over the world. Seawater desalination processes have been proven to be one of the most promising processes to supplement the increasing demand for fresh water, due to the limitless nature of seawater. One of the biggest problems related to the membrane desalination process is the fouling and scaling of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane. Among all the foulants, silica is considered to be one of the most difficult inorganic foulant to deal with in membrane desalination due to its chemical complexity. This study compares some of the most commonly used pretreatment techniques of silica removal, analyses the characteristics of dissolved silica in both brackish water and seawater bodies, along with silt density index (SDI) tests. It was found that silicate salts are difficult to be dissolved in brackish water and seawater, and the fouling propensity of membrane is not a function of silica concentration (from 15–200 mg/L) in the feed water. Also, Al3+ exhibited superior silica removal efficiency than Fe3+, and a removal efficiency of 90.2% was reported when using electrocoagulation on brackish water where the silica concentration was around 28 mg/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure, which is composed of a bus MIM waveguide and a stub modified by two cuts. A transmission line (TL) model is proposed to depict the propagation characteristics of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). The finite element method is conducted to calculate the transmission spectrum of SPPs. Plasmonic-induced transparency spectral response can be achieved when different cuts are introduced. Under different parameters, theoretical results based on the TL model match with the simulation results very well. It is believed that our findings provide a smart way to design MIM-based plasmonic sensors and slow light devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• In this paper, we propose an on-chip slow-wave electro-optic modulator with improved modulation efficiency on lithium-niobate-on-insulator platform. • The slow-light effect is realized with flat optical operating bandwidth, near zero group velocity dispersion, and low loss. • A matched micro-structure electrode is designed to realize the low group velocity of the microwave modulation signal. Thin-film lithium niobate (LN) has emerged as an excellent platform for electro-optic modulators (EOMs) owing to its strong electro-optic (Pockels) effect. However, it remains an open challenge to achieve high modulation efficiency in chip-scale EOMs, primarily due to the limitation of light-matter interaction. Here, we propose an on-chip slow-wave LN EOM with a length of 3.4 mm with high modulation efficiency by using a fishbone-like grating. By assembling the fishbone-like grating, the Pockels effect is significantly enhanced as a result of the compression of the local density of states. Benefiting from this effect, the modulation efficiency of the modulator can be improved to 4.6 times of the original. In addition, a 3 mm matched micro-structure electrode is designed to realize the low group velocity of the microwave modulation signal. The simulation results show that the modulation efficiency of this slow-wave EOM is 1.42 V·cm. The slow-light effect is realized theoretically with a flat optical operating bandwidth of about 21 nm, group velocity dispersion < 2 ps2/mm, and low loss < 0.33 dB. Additionally, a 3 dB modulation bandwidth of 80 GHz is verified by simulation by virtue of the proposed micro-structure electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• (1). We have designed, fabricated and packaged three integrated optical switching delay line (OSDL) chips based on SOI (The waveguide core thickness is 220 nm and 3 µm respectively) and Si 3 N 4 (double strip silicon nitride waveguide) on three photonic integration pilot lines successively. • (2).The performances of the fabricated OSDL chips were investigated and compared comprehensively, including the power consumption, switching time, polarization dependence, and fiber to fiber insertion loss. Then, the switched delay values of the three OSDLs were measured, which agree with our design very well. • (3). Our work can provide some references for choosing suitable photonic integration platform to design and fabricate OSDL chips. Integrated optical switching delay line (OSDL) chip, which is composed of optical switches cascaded with optical waveguides of different lengths, has the merits of ultra-wide delay bandwidth, very high delay accuracy and easy controlling. As one of the key components in microwave photonic beamforming system, OSDLs have drawn great attentions and various integrated OSDL chips have been demonstrated. Among them, the SOI (silicon-on-insulator) and Si 3 N 4 (silicon nitride) are the most popular platforms to fabricate OSDL chips due to their CMOS compatibilities. Nevertheless, the performances and characteristics of the OSDL chips fabricated on the three mainstream platforms have not been compared, which make it difficult to fair evaluate different technologies, which can provide useful guidance for real OSDL applications. To this end, we have designed, fabricated and packaged three OSDL chips based on SOI (The waveguide core thickness is 220 nm and 3 µm respectively) and Si 3 N 4 (double strip silicon nitride waveguide) on three photonic integration pilot lines successively. The performances of the fabricated OSDL chips were investigated and compared comprehensively, including the power consumption, switching time and fiber to fiber insertion loss. Then, the delay times of the three OSDLs were measured, which agree with our design very well. Finally, some discussions and future performance improvement methods of these OSDL chips are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a low loss, wideband silicon transverse magnetic (TM) polarizer with high polarization extinction ratio and low reflection based on subwavelength grating. By arranging and optimizing a mutually perpendicular subwavelength grating with different duty cycles as the core and cladding, efficient waveguiding and radiation can be achieved for the TM and transverse electric (TE) injection, respectively. In simulation, the proposed TM polarizer has a footprint of 40µ m ×16.68µ m , an insertion loss <0.7 d B , a polarization extinction ratio ≥20 d B , and an unwanted TE reflection <-17.4 d B in the wavelength range of 1230-1700 nm. Moreover, the fabrication tolerance of the proposed device is also investigated.

To keep pace with the demands of semiconductor integration technology, a semiconductor device should offer a small footprint. Here, we demonstrate a compact electro-optic modulator by controlling the spatial distribution of carrier density in indium tin oxide (ITO). The proposed structure is mainly composed of a symmetrical metal electrode layer, calcium fluoride dielectric layer, and an ITO propagating layer. The carrier density on the surface of the ITO exhibits a periodical distribution when the voltage is applied on the electrode, which greatly enhances the interaction between the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and the ITO. This structure can not only effectively improve the modulation depth of the modulator, but also can further reduce the device size. The numerical results indicate that when the length, width, and height of the device are 14 µm, 5 µm, and 8 µm, respectively, the modulation depth can reach 37.1 dB at a wavelength of 3.66 µm. The structure can realize a broadband modulation in theory only if we select a different period of the electrode corresponding to the propagating wavelength of SPPs because the modulator is based on the scattering effect principle. This structure could potentially have high applicability for optoelectronic integration, optical communications, and optical sensors in the future.

As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have been causing increasingly serious drug resistance problem, development of broadly effective and hard-to-escape anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents is an urgent need. Here, we describe further development and characterization of two SARS-CoV-2 receptor decoy proteins, ACE2-Ig-95 and ACE2-Ig-105/106. We found that both proteins had potent and robust in vitro neutralization activities against diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants, including BQ.1 and XBB.1, that are resistant to most clinically used monoclonal antibodies. In a stringent lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection mouse model, both proteins lowered the lung viral load by up to ~1,000-fold, prevented the emergence of clinical signs in >75% animals, and increased the animal survival rate from 0% (untreated) to >87.5% (treated). These results demonstrate that both proteins are good drug candidates for protecting animals from severe COVID-19. In a head-to-head comparison of these two proteins with five previously described ACE2-Ig constructs, we found that two constructs, each carrying five surface mutations in the ACE2 region, had partial loss of neutralization potency against three SARS-CoV-2 variants. These data suggest that extensively mutating ACE2 residues near the receptor binding domain (RBD)-binding interface should be avoided or performed with extra caution. Furthermore, we found that both ACE2-Ig-95 and ACE2-Ig-105/106 could be produced to the level of grams per liter, demonstrating the developability of them as biologic drug candidates. Stress condition stability testing of them further suggests that more studies are required in the future to improve the stability of these proteins. These studies provide useful insight into critical factors for engineering and preclinical development of ACE2 decoys as broadly effective therapeutics against diverse ACE2-utilizing coronaviruses. IMPORTANCE Engineering soluble ACE2 proteins that function as a receptor decoy to block SARS-CoV-2 infection is a very attractive approach to creating broadly effective and hard-to-escape anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. This article describes development of two antibody-like soluble ACE2 proteins that broadly block diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron. In a stringent COVID-19 mouse model, both proteins successfully protected >87.5% animals from lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, a head-to-head comparison of the two constructs developed in this study with five previously described ACE2 decoy constructs was performed here. Two previously described constructs with relatively more ACE2 surface mutations were found with less robust neutralization activities against diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants. Furthermore, the developability of the two proteins as biologic drug candidates was also assessed here. This study provides two broad anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug candidates and useful insight into critical factors for engineering and preclinical development of ACE2 decoys as broadly effective therapeutics against diverse ACE2-utilizing coronaviruses., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Bandpass microwave photonic filter (MPF) can be achieved based on the well-known phase to intensity conversion method by using phase modulation and single micro-ring resonator (MRR) notch filter. Since MRR could introduce residual phase in handling one optical sideband, the out-of-band radio frequency (RF) rejection ratio and the shape factor of the bandpass MPF are very limited. Here, by introducing another MRR to handle the other optical sideband, the residual phase can be greatly suppressed, thus the filter's performance can be greatly improved. The proposed bandpass MPF was both verified theoretically and experimentally. Compared with the single MRR, the out-of-band RF rejection ratio and the shape factor were improved by 20 dB and 1.67, respectively. Furthermore, the bandpass MPF's bandwidth is reconfigurable by adjusting the optical carrier's frequency or the two MRRs' amplitude coupling coefficients. The bandpass MPF's center frequency is also tunable by changing the resonant wavelengths of two MRRs in the opposite direction simultaneously. Experimentally, bandwidth reconfiguration from 0.38 GHz to 15.74 GHz, the shape factor optimization from 2 to 1.23, and frequency tuning from 4 GHz to 21.5 GHz were achieved. We believe that the proposed bandpass MPF has great potential for microwave photonic signal processing.

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a scheme for the photonic generation of pulsed microwave signals with selectable frequency based on spectral shaping and wavelength-to-time mapping (WTTM) technique. The frequency selectivity is realized by channel switching on an integrated silicon-on-insulator (SOI) spectral shaping chip. The incident signal is spectrally shaped by the asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) in the selected channel, and an optical spectrum with uniform free spectral range (FSR) can be generated in a broad bandwidth up to dozens of nanometers, implying large microwave signal duration after WTTM if a pulse light source with matched bandwidth is available. Microwave pulses of frequency from 3.6 GHz to 28.4 GHz with a fixed interval are experimentally generated respectively. The realization of eight microwave frequencies selectable with only one shared dispersive element (DE) required indicates high expansibility in the frequency cover range of our scheme by tuning the dispersion value in WTTM.

Fano resonance with asymmetric line shape is very promising in many applications such as optical switching, sensing, slow light, laser. Fano resonances based on some integrated structures have been demonstrated on the silicon on insulator platform. However, the extinction ratios and slope rates of the most proposed integrated Fano resonances are relatively low, which limits their applications. In this paper, a tunable silicon nitride coupled resonator optical waveguide (CROW) embedded in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is proposed to achieve Fano resonance. Benefiting from fine tuning supported by the low thermo-optic coefficient of the silicon nitride optical waveguide, the optical amplitudes and phases in the two arms of the MZI were accurately adjusted to achieve destructive interference, which gives an ultra-high extinction ratio. Furthermore, high quality factor CROW, supported by the native low loss silicon nitride optical waveguide, greatly shrinks the resonance bandwidth. Combining the above two superiorities, a Fano resonance with a very high extinction ratio of up to 57 dB and slope rate as high as 8.1 × 10 4 dB/nm was obtained, which is an order of magnitude larger than the reported integrated Fano resonances. We believe that the proposed structure would be a promising candidate for high-performance switching and high-sensitivity sensing.

To keep pace with the demands in optical communications, electro-optic modulators should feature a high extinction ratio, offer a small footprint, and allow for practical detection. Herein, we demonstrate a compact plasmon modulator with a high extinction ratio where a compact modulation region composed of indium tin oxide (ITO) is embedded to the arms of the Mach-Zehnder (M-Z) interferometer. The modulator has a footprint of 20µ m ×12µ m with a modulation region of 4µ m ×0.5µ m . The numerical results show that the extinction ratio is 15.2 dB when the electron concentration of ITO is changed 4×10 20 c m -3 . This type of modulator paves the way for future compact optoelectronic integration and has potential application in the fields of optical communication, photodetection, and sensing.

In this paper, based on the low loss double strip silicon nitride platform, we designed and fabricated an ultra-low loss 1×4 microwave photonic beamforming chip, which contains a 1×4 beam splitter and four 5-bit optical delay lines. Each optical delay line can achieve 32 delay states varying from 0 ps to about 130 ps, which can support 21 different beamforming angles covers from -56.42° to 56.68° for 10 GHz RF signal. A low on-chip insertion loss of about 4 dB is achieved for each 5-bit optical delay line. Furthermore, a very low loss delay ratio of about 0.0016 dB/ps is achieved and a recorded low loss fluctuation of about 0.3 dB is obtained during the 32 states delay switching. In addition, the switching speed and driving power consumptions of the proposed beamforming chip were investigated. The proposed beamforming chip could have great potential in optical controlled phased antenna arrays systems.

Microwave frequency combs (MFCs) have important applications in communication and sensing owing to their characteristics of large number of comb lines, wide frequency range, and high precision of comb spacing. In many applications, MFCs are required to emit signals with tunable center frequency and variable comb spacing to accommodate different operating frequency bands and accuracies. Here, we demonstrate a tunable MFC by injecting a low-frequency electrical signal into a tunable optoelectronic oscillator (OEO). Tuning of MFC's center frequency and comb spacing are realized, allowing a frequency tuning range from 1 to 22 GHz and 50 comb lines within a 5 MHz bandwidth obtained in the MFC generator. In addition, the introduction of the silicon nitride micro-disk resonator (Si 3 N 4 -MDR) in the system paves the way for the integration of MFC generator.

A compact and broadband silicon mode-order converter (MOC) scheme by employing reciprocal mode evolution between asymmetric input/output taper and bricked subwavelength gratings (BSWG) is proposed. In the proposed MOC, a quasi-TE 0 mode is generated in the BSWG region, which can be regarded as an effective bridge between the two TE modes to be converted. Flexible mode conversion can be realized by only choosing appropriate structure parameters for specific mode transitions between input/output modes and the quasi-TE 0 mode. By combing 3D finite difference time domain (FDTD) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) method, TE 0 -TE 1 and TE 0 -TE 2 MOCs are optimal designed, which can efficiently convert TE 0 mode to TE 1 and TE 2 modes with lengths of 9.39 µm and 11.27 µm, respectively. Results show that the insertion losses of <1 dB and crosstalk of <-15 dB are achieved for both TE 0 -TE 1 and TE 0 -TE 2 MOCs, the corresponding working bandwidth are 128 nm (1511∼1639 nm) and 126 nm (1527∼1653 nm), respectively. Additionally, the MOCs can be fabricated with only single etch step with minimum feature size of 145 nm.

Enhancing and expanding the manipulated range of room-temperature valley polarization at off-resonance wavelength is extremely crucial to developing various functional valleytronic devices. Although these have been realized through the double-resonance strategy or twist-angle engineering, the demand for electrical control over the concepts remains elusive. Here, we fabricate a gate-tunable double-resonance chiral microstructure using a molybdenum disulfides (MoS 2 ) monolayer. On the basis of the varied interface charge density, we demonstrate the huge photoluminescence (PL) tuning ability of this configuration. Furthermore, benefiting predominately from the screening of long-range e-h exchange interactions and the chiral Purcell effect, the electrical switching of the room-temperature valley polarization at off-resonance wavelength is also realized. Our work enriches the functions of TMDs-based optoelectronic devices and may create important applications in future valley-polarized encode and information processing devices.

A silicon on-chip spectral shaper based on a Sagnac loop incorporating a chirped multi-mode waveguide Bragg grating (WBG) for linearly chirped microwave waveform generation is fabricated and demonstrated. The transmission spectrum of the spectral shaper displays low insertion loss characteristic due to the application of edge coupling taper and multi-mode waveguide based grating. An up-chirped microwave waveform with bandwidth as large as 44 GHz is generated by mapping the spectrum profile of the spectral shaper to the temporal domain through a dispersion fiber. The instantaneous frequency of the generated signal shows good linearity benefiting from the weak modulation strength in the multi-mode WBG. The low insertion loss performance as well as the low dispersion value required in our design presents feasibility in further integration with on-chip dispersion.

The ability to achieve low phase noise single-mode oscillation within an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) is of fundamental importance. In the frequency-tunable OEO, the wide microwave photonic filter (MPF) bandwidth is detrimental to select single-mode among the large number of cavity modes, thus leading to low signal quality and spectral purity. Stable single-mode oscillation can be achieved in a large time delay OEO system by harnessing the mechanism from parity-time (PT) symmetry. Here, a PT-symmetric tunable OEO based on dual-wavelength and cascaded phase-shifted fiber gratings (PS-FBGs) in a single-loop is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Combining the merits of wide frequency tuning of PS-FBG-based MPF and single mode selection completed by the PT-symmetric architecture of the OEO, where the gain and loss modes carried by dual-wavelengths to form two mutually coupled resonators in a single-loop, signals range from 1 GHz to 22 GHz with the low phase noise distributed in -122∼ -130 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset frequency are obtained in the experiment.

In this paper, theoretical modeling and numerical simulations of a high-performance polarization beam splitter (PBS) based on hetero-anisotropic metamaterials are proposed on the lithium-niobate-on-insulator (LNOI) platform. The hetero-anisotropic metamaterials constructed by sub-wavelength gratings (SWGs) can be regarded as effective anisotropy medium, which exhibits strong birefringence without breaking the geometrical symmetry, contributing to the formation of PBS. Rather than the principle of PBS based on beat-length difference of transverse electric (TE) polarization and transverse magnetic (TM) polarization, the device can realize polarization beam splitting in single beat length, and the footprint of the proposed PBS can be reduced to 8 µm × 160 µm (with S-bend). The simulation results show that the bandwidth is 185 nm (1450∼1634 nm) for TE polarization while the bandwidth is 85 nm (1490∼1575 nm) for TM polarization when the polarization extinction ratio is >20 dB. Furthermore, the insertion loss is less than 1 dB in the range of 1450 to 1650 nm, for both TE and TM polarization. Additionally, the proposed device proves strong robustness of the fabrication tolerance.

A stretchable chiral metamaterial with L-shaped and T-shaped Au patterns (SCMM-LT) is proposed to generate asymmetric transmission (AT) for circularly polarized waves on the polydimethylsiloxane substrate in the mid-infrared region. The peak value of AT can reach 50.02% at the resonance wavelength of 19.1 µm, owing to the enantiomerically sensitive plasmons. With stretching along the x axis and the y axis. respectively, the band of AT shifts to a longer wavelength, which proves the SCMM-LT can be a candidate as the tunable chiral metamaterial. In the future, the proposed stretchable chiral metamaterial could potentially possess high applicability for wearable electronic devices in a variety of sensor fields.

CRISPR/Cas systems are widely used to knock out genes by inducing indel mutations, which are prone to genetic compensation. Complex genome modifications such as knockin (KI) might bypass compensation, though difficult to practice due to low efficiency. Moreover, no 'two-in-one' KI strategy combining conditional knockout (CKO) with fluorescent gene-labeling or further allele-labeling has been reported. Here, we developed a dual-cassette-donor strategy and achieved one-step and efficient generation of dual-function KI alleles at tbx5a and kctd10 loci in zebrafish via targeted insertion. These alleles display fluorescent gene-tagging and CKO effects before and after Cre induction, respectively. By introducing a second fluorescent reporter, geno-tagging effects were achieved at tbx5a and sox10 loci, exhibiting CKO coupled with fluorescent reporter switch upon Cre induction, enabling tracing of three distinct genotypes. We found that LiCl purification of gRNA is critical for highly efficient KI, and preselection of founders allows the efficient germline recovery of KI events., Competing Interests: WL, YZ, BH, LL, ML, XL, CC, ML, YZ, XJ, ZZ, XT, BZ No competing interests declared, (© 2019, Li et al.)

Herein, we present a tunable multifunctional reflection polarizer, based on a graphene metasurface, which is composed of an array of cross double-ellipse graphene patches. A dual band of linear-to-linear (LTL) polarization conversions is achieved due to the superimposition of the two reflection components with a near 0° or 180° phase difference, in the mid-infrared region. By carefully choosing the parameters, linear-to-circular polarization conversion and broadband of LTL polarization conversion (about 0.7 THz) are also realized. Also, the tunable responses of the proposed reflection polarizer are discussed under a different Fermi energy and electron scattering time. It is believed that our proposed polarizer can be widely used for multifunctional and tunable polarization conversion.

Graphene surface plasmon (GSP) superlenses, induced from the negative refraction, have recently been demonstrated in various two-dimensional photonic crystal systems. However, inplane GSP superlenses have never been reported in a one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal system. Here, we propose a graphene-Si/SiO 2 system, by transferring a graphene sheet on the tilted 1D subwavelength silicon/silica gratings. By discussing the dispersion relations of the inplane GSP in this system, the GSP negative refraction is found in the mid-infrared region. When the tilted angle, working wavelength, and Fermi level are set to be 60°, 11.22 μm, and 0.2 eV, respectively, the off-axis subwavelength focusing has the best resolution, and the full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the image is 0.0091λ (102.1 nm). Further, we investigate the effects of the Fermi level on the superlens frequency range, and the image's FWHM, the broadband, and the deep subwavelength superlens are achieved. The full-wave numerical simulations are conducted by the finite element method. Our findings can be applied to the manipulation of inplane GSP propagation and biological imaging.