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Mass concrete construction has the characteristics of large scale, complex technology, high professional requirements, and complex management. In this paper, information technology is introduced into the construction process of mass concrete, aiming to develop a system that integrates the automatic design and visual management of mass concrete construction monitoring schemes to improve its construction efficiency. In this paper, the automatic design of a mass concrete construction monitoring scheme is designed, the information of its data acquisition terminal sensor is extended, and the sensor information model is created based on the IFC framework. Finally, this paper verifies the feasibility and practicability of the automatic design and visual monitoring of the monitoring scheme through the actual case-commercial complex raft foundation. The results show that the method provides a digital and information platform for mass concrete construction, highlighting the advantages of the proposed method and the traditional method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) constitutes a valuable analytical instrument for estimating the likelihood of landslide occurrence, thereby furnishing a scientific foundation for the prevention of natural hazards, land-use planning, and economic development in landslide-prone areas. Existing LSM methods are predominantly data-driven, allowing for significantly enhanced monitoring accuracy. However, these methods often overlook the consideration of landslide mechanisms and uncertainties associated with non-landslide samples, resulting in lower model reliability. To effectively address this issue, a knowledge-guided landslide susceptibility assessment framework is proposed in this study to enhance the interpretability and monitoring accuracy of LSM. First, a landslide knowledge graph is constructed to model the relationships between landslide entities and summarize landslide susceptibility rules. Next, combining the obtained landslide rules with geographic similarity principles, high-confidence non-landslide samples are selected to optimize the quality of the samples. Subsequently, a Landslide Knowledge Fusion Cell (LKF-Cell) is utilized to couple landslide data with landslide knowledge, resulting in the acquisition of informative and semantically rich landslide event features. Finally, a precise and credible landslide susceptibility assessment model is built based on a convolutional neural network (CNN), and landslide susceptibility spatial distribution levels are mapped. The research findings indicate that the CNN-based model outperforms traditional machine learning algorithms in predicting landslide probability; in particular, the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the model was improved by 3–6% after sample optimization, and the AUC value of the LKF-Cell method was 6–11% higher than the baseline method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) presenting in the context of JAK2 V617F-positive myeloproliferative neoplasms is a rare condition, characterized by the compression of the spinal cord leading to various symptoms. The etiology, pathogenesis, and optimal treatment strategies for this condition remain undetermined. The occurrence of spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) in the context of JAK2 V617F-positive myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) represents a rare manifestation. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays a crucial role in the definitive diagnosis of this condition. With a good understanding of the pathogenic characteristics and clinical presentations of this disease, a diagnosis can be reasonably made, even in the absence of MRI, based on physical examinations indicating the affected area. Once diagnosed, immediate surgery is recommended to attempt the restoration of spinal cord function. Postoperatively, the use of hydroxyurea has proven effective in disease control. Case Presentation: We report a case of a 65-year-old male patient who presented with progressive lumbar back pain and bilateral lower limb paralysis lasting for 36 hours. CT imaging revealed an intraspinal lesion at the L1-3 level, and genetic testing confirmed the presence of the JAK2V617F mutation. Following surgery, there was a significant recovery of sensory and motor function in the lower limbs. At one-year follow-up, the patient demonstrated good functional status, and blood tests indicated a platelet count within the normal range. Conclusion: The presented case adds to the existing literature on SSEH by highlighting the association with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), as evidenced by the JAK2V617F mutation. MPNs constitute a group of hematologic malignancies, and the association with SSEH is a rare occurrence. The exact interplay between MPNs and SSEH warrants further investigation, as the underlying mechanisms linking these conditions remain elusive. The case also underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, involving hematologists and neurosurgeons, in the comprehensive management of such complex cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the realm of industrial robotics, there is a growing challenge in simplifying human–robot collaboration (HRC), particularly in complex settings. The demand for more intuitive teleoperation systems is on the rise. However, optimizing robot control interfaces and streamlining teleoperation remains a formidable task due to the need for operators to possess specialized knowledge and the limitations of traditional methods regarding operational space and time constraints. This study addresses these issues by introducing a virtual reality (VR) HRC system with five-dimensional capabilities. Key advantages of our approach include: (1) real-time observation of robot work, whereby operators can seamlessly monitor the robot's real-time work environment and motion during teleoperation; (2) leveraging VR device capabilities, whereby the strengths of VR devices are harnessed to simplify robot motion control, significantly reducing the learning time for operators; and (3) adaptability across platforms and environments: our system effortlessly adapts to various platforms and working conditions, ensuring versatility across different terminals and scenarios. This system represents a significant advancement in addressing the challenges of HRC, offering improved teleoperation, simplified control, and enhanced accessibility, particularly for operators with limited prior exposure to robot operation. It elevates the overall HRC experience in complex scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the coordinated relationship between built-up area expansion and population growth in the urbanization process is important for the planning and sustainable development of cities. The article took Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration as the study area, which was divided into the Provincial Capital Economic Circle, Jiaodong Economic Circle, and Lunan Economic Circle according to the plan named the Implementation Plan for Implementing the Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Establishing a New Mechanism for More Effective Regional Co-ordinated Development. The people–land coordination relationship in the region was analyzed from the perspective of spatio-temporal integration through indices such as fractal dimension, spatial autocorrelation, population sprawl, and city land expansion and population growth coordination index (CPI) The results showed that (1) the relationship between built-up area expansion and population growth in the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration was uncoordinated. The three economic circles mainly changed from rapid population growth to significant expansion of built-up areas. (2) The development patterns of the three economic circles were different. The Provincial Capital and Jiaodong showed a pattern with Jinan and Qingdao as the core, driving the periphery area. Lunan showed a multi-point scattered development; there was no central city, but Linyi City was developing faster. (3) Jiaodong had the biggest changes in terms of population and built-up area. This study provides a scientific reference for the urban planning and sustainable development of the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landslide hazard assessment is essential for determining the probability of landslide occurrence in a specific spatial and temporal range. The hazard assessment of potential landslides could support landslide disaster early warning and disaster prevention decisions, which have important guiding significance for urban construction and sustainable development. Due to the lack of consideration of the synergistic effect of multiple factors and geographic scene heterogeneity, the accuracy of existing landslide hazard assessment methods still needs to be improved, and the interpretability and applicability of existing models still need to be improved. In this paper, we propose a landslide hazard assessment method considering the synergistic effect of multiple factors, including natural factors and human activities, and the heterogeneity of geographic scenes. On this basis, we carry out experimental verification on rainfall–induced landslides in Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. Firstly, rainfall–induced landslide hazards' characteristics and impact factors are analyzed and classified. The whole study area is divided into some homogeneous sub–regions using regional dynamic constraint clustering based on the similarity of underlying environmental variables. Then, considering the spatial autocorrelation between various landslide conditioning and trigger factors, a local weighted random forest model is developed to evaluate the rainfall–induced landslide hazards comprehensively. Experimental results show that the proposed method has higher accuracy and interpretability than the existing representative methods and can provide useful references for preventing landslide hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the rapid development of urbanization, land-use types have changed greatly, which has led to many ecological problems. Therefore, the current research objective is to solve the problems in existence in Jinan, so as to determine the existing landscape ecological risks and optimize the landscape structure. Using 2 m high-resolution remote sensing images and related natural economic data, this study evaluated the landscape ecological risk and constructed a full-factor ecological network in Jinan with a landscape ecological risk assessment method (ERI) and a minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR) based on landscape ecology theory. The results showed that: (1) The ERI in Jinan presented a spatial concentration of high value areas in the central and central–eastern regions, while other levels in ERI areas presented a spatial distribution around the ecological regions with high risk. (2) The important corridors were mainly distributed in the south of Jinan, which were stable and not easily destroyed. The corridors in other areas were secondary, mainly passing through cultivated land and urban greenways, which were unstable and susceptible to interference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: S‐metolachlor (MET) was used to prevent weed infestation in sorghum fields, but inappropriate application could result in phytotoxicity on sorghum. Exogenous gibberellin A3 (GA3) has been applied for alleviating the phytotoxicity of MET. However, its detoxification mechanism is still not well known. RESULTS: Leaf deformity of sorghum caused by 200 mg/L MET was alleviated by treating sorghum shoots with 800 mg/L GA3, and the injury recovery rate of growth index was over 73%. More importantly, GA3 could not accelerate the metabolic rate of MET in sorghum. The result of phytohormone metabolomics showed that endogenous GA3 content in sorghum decreased by 78.10% with MET treatment, while abscisic acid (ABA) content increased by 120.2%, resulting in 10.3‐fold increase of ABA/GA3 ratio. Content of ABA and GA3 increased by 11.9‐ and 21.1‐fold with MET and GA3 treatment, respectively, leading to ABA/GA3 ratio restoration. Moreover, MET inhibited the expression of genes encoding key enzymes related to GA synthesis including CPS1, KO2, KAO, GA20ox1D and ABA8ox gene related to ABA metabolism. The transcription levels of GA metabolism‐related genes CYP714D1 and GA2ox were up‐regulated by 11.2‐ and 7.2‐fold, while ABA synthesis‐related genes NCED and ZEP were up‐regulated by 8.0‐ and 3.0‐fold, respectively, with MET and GA3 treatment. Conclusion: In this study, exogenous GA3 protecting sorghum shoots from MET phytotoxicity was due to supplement the MET‐induced GA3 deficiency by absorbing exogenous GA3, and restore homeostasis of ABA and GA3 by promoting ABA synthesis, which provides novel insights for mechanism of GA3 alleviating MET phytotoxicity. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

5-Aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (ALA)-mediated sonodynamic therapy (SDT) had anti-tumour effect on pancreatic cancer cells. Hence, ALA loaded lipid/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microbubbles (MBs)-mediated SDT for pancreatic cancer has great potential. The average size of ALA-lipid MBs and ALA-PLGA MBs was about 3.0 µm. The two kinds of MBs had good biocompatibility to normal HPDE6-C7 cells and were not toxic to pancreatic cancer cells. Compared with ALA-induced SDT, a statistically significant decrease in cell viability was observed in ALA lipid/PLGA MBs combined with ultrasound groups in AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 cells (p <.05). Obvious effect on the apoptotic rate, apoptosis and pyroptosis morphology, enhanced reactive oxygen species was found in ALA-lipid/PLGA MBs mediated SDT in vitro. Through in vivo study, we found ALA-lipid/PLGA MBs-mediated SDT was a promise treatment for pancreatic cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

WiFi technology has gained a wide prevalence for not only wireless communication but also pervasive sensing. A wide variety of emerging applications leverage accurate measurements of the Channel State Information (CSI) information obtained from commodity WiFi devices. Due to hardware imperfection of commodity WiFi devices, the frequency response of internal signal processing circuit is mixed with the real channel frequency response in passband, which makes deriving accurate channel frequency response from CSI measurements a challenging task. In this paper, we identify non-negligible non-linear CSI phase errors and report that IQ imbalance is the root source of non-linear CSI phase errors. We conduct intensive analysis on the characteristics of such non-linear errors and find that such errors are prevalent among various WiFi devices. Furthermore, they are rather stable along time and the received signal strength indication (RSSI) but sensitive to frequency bands used between a transmission pair. Based on these key observations, we propose new methods to compensate both non-linear and linear CSI phase errors. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methods by applying them in CSI splicing and indoor distance ranging. Results of extensive real-world experiments indicate that accurate CSI phase measurements can significantly improve the performance of splicing and the stability of the derived power delay profiles (PDPs). Moreover, the estimated distance errors are reduced by 5.7 times on average comparing to the state-of-the-art schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monodisperse fluorescent poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) microgels doped with quantum dots (QDs) were fabricated as follows. First, cysteamine-capped cadmium telluride (CA--CdTe) QDs were introduced into the microgels at pH 7 by electrostatic interactions. Afterward, the CA--CdTe QDs were further immobilized in the microgels by the collapse of the polymer network when the pH of solution was adjusted to 4. In this system, there existed multiple interactions between the CA--CdTe QDs and the microgels, including hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, and coordination bonds. The photoluminescence intensity and maximum emission wavelength of the resulting microgels could be easily adjusted by changes in the content of the CA--CdTe QDs in the hybrid microgels (HMs) and with differently sized QDs, respectively. We found that the lower the addition of CA--CdTe QDs was, the bigger the blueshift of the photoluminescence spectra of the HMs was and the weaker the photoluminescence intensity was. Finally, temperature-responsive emission of the HMs was examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this study, we confirmed the autophagy induced by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in permissive cells and investigated the role of autophagy in the replication of PRRSV. We first demonstrated that PRRSV infection significantly results in the increased double-membrane vesicles, the accumulation of LC3 fluorescence puncta, and the raised ratio of LC3-II/β-actin, in MARC-145 cells. Then we discovered that induction of autophagy by rapamycin significantly enhances the viral titers of PRRSV, while inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA and silencing of LC3 gene by siRNA reduces the yield of PRRSV. The results showed functional autolysosomes can be formed after PRRSV infection and the autophagosome–lysosome-fusion inhibitor decreases the virus titers. We also examined the induction of autophagy by PRRSV infection in pulmonary alveolar macrophages. These findings indicate that autophagy induced by PRRSV infection plays a role in sustaining the replication of PRRSV in host cells. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• To unravel key metabolites that are evident under DNR conditions in APL. • 1H NMR provide precise metabolic information to monitor the chemotherapies. • 1H NMR offer more comprehensive insights into dose-response relationships. The aim of this study was to determine several key metabolites as potential biomarkers of daunorubicin (DNR) treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) using APL blasts and NB4 cells. Samples which were obtained from 16 newly diagnosed APL patients and human APL NB4 cell lines were exposed to increasing concentrations of DNR (0 μM, 0.1 μM, 0.5 μM and 1.0 μM). Electron microscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed that there were clear differences between controls and DNR-treated groups, with the resultant models having excellent predictive and discriminative abilities. Four metabolites meeting the biomarker requirements were identified. KEGG analyses revealed that these biomarkers were associated with the metabolism of fat, choline, and glucose. These findings offered vital information about the effects of chemotherapies on the whole body biochemistry which might be important for monitoring apoptosis and injury to cells in order to reduce chemotherapies-induced side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to build a valid diagnostic nomogram for assessing the cancer risk of the pulmonary lesions identified by chest CT.Patients and Methods: A total of 691 patients with pulmonary lesions were recruited from three centers in China. The cut-off value for each tumor marker was confirmed by minimum P value method with 1000 bootstrap replications. The nomogram was based on the predictive factors identified by univariate and multivariate analysis. The predictive performance of the nomogram was measured by concordance index and calibrated with 1000 bootstrap samples to decrease the overfit bias. We also evaluated the net benefit of the nomogram via decision curve analysis. Finally, the nomogram was validated externally using a separate cohort of 305 patients enrolled from two additional institutions.Results: The cut-off for CEA, SCC, CYFRA21-1, pro-GRP, and HE4 was 4.8 ng/mL, 1.66 ng/mL, 1.83 ng/mL, 56.55 pg/mL, and 63.24Lpmol/L, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression model (LRM) identified tumor size, CEA, SCC, CYFRA21-1, pro-GRP, and HE4 as independent risk factors for lung cancer. The nomogram based on LRM coefficients showed concordance index of 0.901 (95% CI: 0.842-0.960; P < 0.001) for lung cancer in the training set and 0.713 (95% CI: 0.599-0.827; P < 0.001) in the validation set. Decision curve analysis reported a net benefit of 87.6% at 80% threshold probability superior to the baseline model.Conclusion: Our diagnostic nomogram provides a useful tool for assessing the cancer risk of pulmonary lesions identified in CT screening test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• GPC3-targeted curcumin-loaded phospholipid microbubbles (GPC3-CUR-MBs) was developed. • The GPC3-CUR-MBs had a size distribution of 663.00 ± 17.73 nm and a drug entrapment efficiency of 74.32 ± 7.63%. • The GPC3-CUR-MBs had no significant toxicity to HepG2 liver cancer cells. • GPC3-CUR-MBs mediated sono-photodynamic therapy was safe in subcutaneous transplantation of liver cancer in nude mice. • GPC3-CUR-MBs mediated sono-photodynamic therapy was an effective cancer treatment technique for liver cancer. More effective strategies are needed to improve the treatment of liver cancer. Sono-photodynamic therapy (SPDT) has a more obvious antitumor effect than sonodynamic therapy (SDT) or photodynamic therapy (PDT). We aimed to investigate Glypican-3-targeted, curcumin-loaded microbubbles (GPC3-CUR-MBs)-mediated SPDT in liver cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. GPC3-CUR-MBs were prepared by streptavidin-biotin interactions and the immune ligation method. The characterization and toxicity of GPC3-CUR-MBs and the anti-liver cancer effects of GPC3-CUR-MB-mediated SPDT in vitro and in vivo were studied. We synthetized GPC3-CUR-MBs and found that GPC3-CUR-MBs had no significant toxicity to HepG2 liver cancer cells. In terms of the anti-liver cancer effects in vitro and in vivo , when we used CUR, CUR-MBs or GPC3-CUR-MBs as the sono/photosensitizers, the outcome of SPDT was superior to that of SDT or PDT alone. The outcomes with GPC3-CUR-MBs were better than those with CUR or CUR-MBs in the SDT, PDT or SPDT groups. During the treatment period, the weight of the HepG2 tumor-bearing mice did not decrease significantly, and no significant evidence of lung, heart, liver, spleen and kidney damage was found with H&E staining. Our results indicated that the anti-liver tumor effect of SPDT was better than that of SDT and PDT and that GPC3-CUR-MBs were promising sono/photosensitizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D soma detection in whole brain images is a critical step for neuron reconstruction. However, existing soma detection methods are not suitable for whole mouse brain images with large amounts of data and complex structure. In this paper, we propose a two-stage deep neural network to achieve fast and accurate soma detection in large-scale and high-resolution whole mouse brain images (more than 1TB). For the first stage, a lightweight Multi-level Cross Classification Network (MCC-Net) is proposed to filter out images without somas and generate coarse candidate images by combining the advantages of the multi convolution layer's feature extraction ability. It can speed up the detection of somas and reduce the computational complexity. For the second stage, to further obtain the accurate locations of somas in the whole mouse brain images, the Scale Fusion Segmentation Network (SFS-Net) is developed to segment soma regions from candidate images. Specifically, the SFS-Net captures multi-scale context information and establishes a complementary relationship between encoder and decoder by combining the encoder-decoder structure and a 3D Scale-Aware Pyramid Fusion (SAPF) module for better segmentation performance. The experimental results on three whole mouse brain images verify that the proposed method can achieve excellent performance and provide the reconstruction of neurons with beneficial information. Additionally, we have established a public dataset named WBMSD, including 798 high-resolution and representative images ( 256 ×256 ×256 voxels) from three whole mouse brain images, dedicated to the research of soma detection, which will be released along with this paper.

Objectives: The issue of polypharmacy and medication use in people with life limiting illness raises important questions from a clinical and ethical viewpoint. The objectives of our study were to (1) explore medication use among people with life limiting illness receiving hospice care; (2) apply consensus criteria to assess medication appropriateness; and (3) determine the overall pill burden in this patient population., Methods: Six hospices in the North East of England were included. All deceased adult patients who received hospice care in 2018 were eligible for study inclusion. Descriptive statistics were used to report medication details; while medication appropriateness was assessed according to consensus criteria developed by Morin and colleagues., Results: Six hundred and ninety patients were included in the study. Patients were using a mean number of 8.8 medications per day, while polypharmacy was evident in 80% of patients. In terms of potentially questionable medication, patients were prescribed a mean number of 1.3 per day. Common potentially questionable medications included vitamin and mineral supplements, antihypertensives, antiplatelets, lipid regulating agents and anticoagulants. The pill burden in this population was also high with, on average, people using 13.7 oral doses per day., Conclusions: Polypharmacy is common in patients accessing hospice care, as is the use of potentially questionable medication. The pill burden in this patient population is also high, which may be an additional treatment burden to patients. Holistic deprescribing approaches for this population should be developed and implemented., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Background: S-metolachlor (MET) was used to prevent weed infestation in sorghum fields, but inappropriate application could result in phytotoxicity on sorghum. Exogenous gibberellin A 3 (GA 3 ) has been applied for alleviating the phytotoxicity of MET. However, its detoxification mechanism is still not well known., Results: Leaf deformity of sorghum caused by 200 mg/L MET was alleviated by treating sorghum shoots with 800 mg/L GA 3 , and the injury recovery rate of growth index was over 73%. More importantly, GA 3 could not accelerate the metabolic rate of MET in sorghum. The result of phytohormone metabolomics showed that endogenous GA 3 content in sorghum decreased by 78.10% with MET treatment, while abscisic acid (ABA) content increased by 120.2%, resulting in 10.3-fold increase of ABA/GA 3 ratio. Content of ABA and GA 3 increased by 11.9- and 21.1-fold with MET and GA 3 treatment, respectively, leading to ABA/GA 3 ratio restoration. Moreover, MET inhibited the expression of genes encoding key enzymes related to GA synthesis including CPS1, KO2, KAO, GA20ox1D and ABA8ox gene related to ABA metabolism. The transcription levels of GA metabolism-related genes CYP714D1 and GA2ox were up-regulated by 11.2- and 7.2-fold, while ABA synthesis-related genes NCED and ZEP were up-regulated by 8.0- and 3.0-fold, respectively, with MET and GA 3 treatment., Conclusion: In this study, exogenous GA 3 protecting sorghum shoots from MET phytotoxicity was due to supplement the MET-induced GA 3 deficiency by absorbing exogenous GA 3 , and restore homeostasis of ABA and GA 3 by promoting ABA synthesis, which provides novel insights for mechanism of GA 3 alleviating MET phytotoxicity. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry., (© 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.)

PARP inhibitors can be used to treat solid tumors that often have mutations in important homologous recombination (HR) genes, such as BRCA1/2. While other kinds of tumors could also experience HR deficiencies, including those associated with lung cancer, there is little information on the frequency of these occurrences. Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) was used to induce particular DNA aberration profiles and related transcriptome alterations. Their presence can identify whether an HR deficiency is present or absent in a particular tumor sample, even without observed HR gene changes. From whole-exome sequencing data in lung adenocarcinoma obtained from TCGA, we obtained several mutational signatures associated with HRD and determined that these HRD-associated mutational signatures are related to genomic installability. We then constructed a prediction model, which found that 11 genes associated with HRD scores could be used as predictors of survival outcomes in LUAD patients. These genes are related to PI3K-Akt, T cell receptors, and the Chemokine pathway. Other GEO datasets validated the survival prediction, which was independent of the PD1/PDL1 treatment. Collectively, our study provides transcriptome biomarkers of lung adenocarcinoma complementary to the HRD score and introduces a novel method of identifying prognostic biomarkers of immunotherapy., Competing Interests: Author DW is employed by ChosenMed Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Shang, Qi, Liu, Liu, Zhang, Wang and Huang.)

Background: It is important to explore effective treatment for liver cancer. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a novel technique to treat liver cancer, but its clinical application is obstructed by limited depth of visible light penetration into tissue. The near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizer is a potential solution to the limitations of PDT for deep tumor tissue treatment., Purpose: We aimed to investigate 808 nm NIR light-excited UCNPs@mSiO 2 -Ce6-GPC3 nanocomposites for PDT in liver cancer., Methods: In our study, 808 nm NIR light-excited upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) were simultaneously loaded with the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) and the antibody glypican-3 (GPC3), which is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The multitasking UCNPs@mSiO 2 -Ce6-GPC3 nanoparticles under 808 nm laser irradiation with enhanced depth of penetration would enable the effective targeting of PDT., Results: We found that the UCNPs@mSiO 2 -Ce6-GPC3 nanoparticles had good biocompatibility, low toxicity, excellent cell imaging in HepG2 cancer cells and high anti-tumor effect in vitro and in vivo., Conclusion: We believe that the utilization of 808 nm NIR excited UCNPs@mSiO 2 -Ce6-GPC3 nanoparticles for PDT is a safe and potential therapeutic option for liver cancer., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (© 2019 Hu et al.)

This study proposes a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) chip integrated with a liquid core waveguide. Due to the total reflection, the chip suppresses the leaky waveguide mode and enables a long propagation distance for SERS signal collection. A 10 nM rhodamine 6G Raman signal was obtained using a QE65000 portable microspectrometer at a low excitation power intensity of 14.5 W/cm 2 . The proposed SERS chip was also used to detect the SERS spectrum of a silkworm DNA solution, the structural information of which was clearly shown. In addition, due to the lower excitation power density, damage to the structure of the biomolecule was avoided.