100 results on '"Liu, K. ‐ M."'
Search Results
2. Experimental and Numerical Study on Mixed Crack Propagation Characteristics in Rock-Like Material Under Uniaxial Loading
- Author
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Sun, X. Z., Wang, H. L., Liu, K. M., Zhan, X. C., and Jia, C. Y.
- Published
- 2020
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- View/download PDF
3. Determination of in Vitro Biotoxicity in Exhaust Particulate Matter from Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine
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Song, C. L., Huang, R. J., Wang, Y. Q., Liu, K. M., Dong, S. R., and Dai, S. G.
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- 2006
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4. The Levels of Inflammatory Markers in the Treatment of Stroke study (LIMITS): inflammatory biomarkers as risk predictors after lacunar stroke
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Elkind, M. S. V., Luna, J. M., Coffey, C. S., McClure, L. A., Liu, K. M., Spitalnik, S., Paik, M. C., Roldan, A., White, C., Hart, R., and Benavente, O.
- Published
- 2010
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5. Numerical solution of differential Eigenvalue problems with the Tau method
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Liu, K. M.
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510 - Published
- 1985
6. An updated revision of shortfin mako size distributions in the Atlantic
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Coelho, Rui, Domingo, A., Courtney, D., Cortés, E., Arocha, F., Liu, K-M, Yokawa, K., Yasuko, S., Hazin, Fábio H. V., Bowlby, H., Abid, N., Rosa, D., and Lino, Pedro
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Shortfin mako ,Spatial distribution ,Size distribution ,Sex ratios - Abstract
As part of an ongoing cooperative program for fisheries and biological data collection within the ICCAT Sharks Working Group, information collected by fishery observers and scientific projects from several fishing nations in the Atlantic were analyzed. Datasets included information on geographic location, size and sex. A total of 42,979 shortfin mako records collected between 1989 and 2017 were compiled. Sizes considered ranged between 60 and 353 cm FL (fork length). Of those, sex information was available for 24,316 specimens. Considerable variability was observed in the size distribution by region and season, with larger sizes tending to occur in equatorial and tropical regions and smaller sizes in higher latitudes. Variability between coastal and more oceanic waters is also likely. Most fleets showed unimodal distributions, but in some cases there were bimodal patterns. The distributional patterns presented in this study provide an advance in the understanding of shortfin mako size distribution in the Atlantic, and can be used in the next update of the ICCAT shortfin mako stock assessment. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
- Published
- 2018
7. Tissue damage and regeneration of ureteric smooth muscle in rats with obstructive uropathy
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CHUANG, Y.-H., CHUANG, W.-L., LIU, K.-M., CHEN, S.-S., and HUANG, C.-H.
- Published
- 1998
8. Early genetic and cellular responses in the smooth muscle layer of obstructed ureters in a rat model of obstructive uropathy
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CHUANG, Y. H., CHUANG, W. L., LIU, K. M., CHEN, S. S., and HUANG, C. H.
- Published
- 1997
9. A dominant strain of Elizabethkingia anophelis emerged from a hospital water system to cause a three-year outbreak in a respiratory care center.
- Author
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Lee, Y-L., Liu, K-M., Chang, H-L., Lin, J-S., Kung, F-Y., Ho, C-M., Lin, K-H., and Chen, Y-T.
- Abstract
Background: Elizabethkingia species are ubiquitous bacteria but uncommonly cause human infection. An outbreak of Elizabethkingia anophelis bacteraemia was observed in a respiratory care center of a tertiary hospital in Taiwan from 2015 to 2018.Methods: Clinical and environmental isolates were collected for the outbreak investigation. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and complete-genome sequencing were conducted to elucidate the mechanism of transmission.Findings: The three-year outbreak involved 26 patients with E. anophelis bacteraemia and the incidence significantly increased during the outbreak period compared with that observed from 2010 to 2014 (P<0.05). All 26 clinical isolates during the outbreak period belonged to a cluster by PFGE analysis. In contrast, the PFGE pattern was heterogeneous among comparative historical strains. Hospital tap water was highly contaminated by Elizabethkingia species (18/34, 52.9%); among that, five E. anophelis belonged to the outbreak cluster (5/18, 27.8%). As for the inanimate surface survey, 3.4% sites (4/117) revealed positive growth of E. anophelis including two from feeding tubes/bags and two from sputum suction regulators. All four isolates belonged to the outbreak clone. The outbreak strain had no apparent relationship to currently known E. anophelis strains worldwide through complete-genome sequencing analysis. Specific infection control strategies aimed at water source control and environmental disinfection were implemented subsequently and the outbreak ended in mid-2018.Conclusions: A specific E. anophelis strain was identified from a three-year outbreak. The elucidation of the mechanism of dominance and intra-hospital transmission is crucial for development of corresponsive infection control policies and outbreak control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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10. Optical Properties of Amorphous Silicon Quantum Dots(a-Si QDs) with various dot size using Extended H\'uckel Theory
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Liu, K. M. and Setianto
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Physics - Physics Education - Abstract
A high quality amorphous silicon (a-Si) nanostructures has grown experimentally to study the origin of light emission and the quantum confinement effect in a-Si. The quantum confinement effect increases the band gap of material as the size of quantum structure decreases, which results in a blue shift in optical luminescence and energy absorption. Here we demonstrate this effect using extended H\"uckel method to calculate fundamental band gap and optical absorption energy of a-Si samples with various dot sizes. As result, when the dot size was decreased from 2.2 to 1.0 nm, the absorption spectra peak shifted toward higher energy from 2.278 eV to 3.856 eV.
- Published
- 2016
11. Distribution pattern of the blue shark (Prionace glauca) in the Atlantic Ocean from observer data of the major fishing fleets
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Coelho, R. (Rui), Mejuto-García, J. (Jaime), Domingo, A. (Andrés), Liu, K. M. (Kwang-Ming), Cortés, E. (Enric), Yokawa, K. (Kotaro), Hazin, F. (Fabio), Arocha, F. (Freddy), Silva, C. (Charlene), García-Cortés, B. (Blanca), Ramos-Cartelle, A. (Ana), Lino, P.G. (Pedro G.), Forselledo, R. (Rodrigo), Mas, F. (Federico), Ohshimo, S. (Seiji), Carvalho, F. (Felipe), and Santos, M.N. (Miguel Neves)
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Blue shark ,catch-at-size ,spatial distribution ,size composition ,size distribution ,sex ratios ,spatial models ,Pesquerías ,Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña - Abstract
The blue shark is the most captured shark in pelagic longline fisheries targeting tunas and swordfish. As part of an ongoing cooperative program for fisheries and biological data collection , information collected by fishery observers and scientific Project from several fishing nations in the Atlantic (EU.Spain, EU.Portugal, Uruguay, Taiwán, USA, Japan, Brasil, Venezuela and South Africa) were analyzed. Datasets include information on geographic location, size and sex. A total of 414428 blue sharks records collected between 1992 and 2014 were compiled, with the sizes ranging from 36 to 394 cm FL (fork length). Considerable variability was observed in the size distribution by región and season, with larger sizes tending to ocsur in equatorial and tropical regions and smaller sizes in higher latitudes. The expected distribution of juvenile and adult specimens also showed considerable variability, and the sex ratios varied between regions and sizes classes. The distributional patterns presented in this study provide a better understanding of different aspects of this species in the Atlantic that can help to promote more informed managemente and conservation measures.
- Published
- 2016
12. A domain-extension method for quantitative detection of cavities by infrared scanning
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Hsieh, C. K., Choi, Chang-Yong, and Liu, K. M.
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- 1989
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13. Numerical solution of ordinary and partial functional-differential eigenvalue problems with the Tau Method
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Liu, K. M. and Ortiz, E. L.
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- 1989
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14. Effect of Anchoring Groups on the Conduction Properties of Terphenyl Molecules Connected to Copper Leads.
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Setianto, Aswad, S. H., and Liu, K. M.
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ELECTRIC conductivity ,TERPHENYL ,SULFUR ,NITROGEN ,GREEN'S functions ,DENSITY functionals ,AMINES - Abstract
We report equilibrium and non-equilibrium conductance of terphenyl molecules with different anchoring groups including sulfur and nitrogen atom. The corresponding molecules are terphenyl-dithiols (TPDT) and diamino-terphenyl (DATP). The non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) technique has been implemented on the density functional tight-binding (DFTB) code to perform computations of the electronic transport properties of molecular devices. The NEGFs are used to compute the electronic density self-consistently with open boundary condition naturally encountered in transport problem which is imposed by the potentials at the contacts. As result, the value of the molecular conductance with amine groups is higher about ten times than the thiol anchored group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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15. Modeling and Optimization of Variability in High-k/Metal-Gate MOSFETs.
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Yu, T.-H., Ohtou, T., Liu, K.-M., Chen, W.-Y., Hu, Y.-P., Cheng, C.-F., and Sheu, Y.-M.
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- 2009
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16. Fine-scale vertical and horizontal movements of juvenile yellowfin tuna ( Thunnus albacares) associated with a subsurface fish aggregating device ( FAD) off southwestern Taiwan.
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Weng, J. ‐ S., Hung, M. ‐ K., Lai, C. ‐ C., Wu, L. ‐ J., Lee, M. ‐ A., and Liu, K. ‐ M.
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YELLOWFIN tuna ,FISH aggregation devices ,SEINING ,FISH habitat improvement ,FISH feeds ,EQUIPMENT & supplies - Abstract
An increase in yellowfin tuna ( Thunnus albacares) catch by danish seine fisheries around the subsurface fish aggregating devices ( FADs) in southern Taiwan waters has been a concern of local government and environmental groups. However, the attraction mechanism of aggregating tunas at the subsurface FADs is still poorly understood. The objective of this study is to examine the fine-scale vertical and horizontal movements of juvenile yellowfin tunas around a subsurface FAD. In total, 53 tunas (35-81 cm fork length) were tagged with ultrasonic telemetry tags and released at a subsurface FAD in the waters off Shiao-Liu-Chiu Island, southwestern Taiwan from October 2008 to December 2009. These tunas stayed at the subsurface FAD for up to 31 days, with daytime vertical movement depths averaging 60-80 m at a maximum depth of 250 m. At night, the tuna gathered at a shallow depth of 40 m. The mean depth of vertical movement in the daytime is significantly different from that of the nighttime (P < 0.05). The maximum detectable distance of horizontal movement was 1.6 km, with 80% of the long horizontal movements occurring in the daytime. It is likely that the purpose of these vertical and horizontal movements was for feeding or avoiding predators. Moreover, the tagged tunas did not depart from the subsurface FAD simultaneously, suggesting distinct behaviors in their movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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17. Fisheries, management and conservation of the whale shark Rhincodon typus in Taiwan.
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Hsu, H. H., Joung, S. J., and Liu, K. M.
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FISH conservation ,FISHERY management ,WHALE shark ,FISH sex ratio ,ECOTOURISM ,FISHING - Abstract
The Taiwanese government introduced a catch-and-report system for the whale shark Rhincodon typus in 2001, and in the following year limited the total allowable catch (TAC) to 80 individuals. This limit was reduced over the following years, reaching a low of 30 individuals in 2007. In November 2007, a comprehensive ban on R. typus fishing came into effect and protection measures were adopted for the species. This study measured and recorded the total length ( L
T ), body mass and sex of 810 R. typus, using fisheries and other released data for the period 1995-2008. The mean LT of individuals caught from June to October was smaller than that for individuals caught from November to May. Mean annual catches in set nets were higher in south-western Taiwan than in other regions of Taiwan. The sex ratio showed that males were caught more frequently than females in Taiwanese waters, indicating sex segregation. For the first time, the stock structure, conservation and management regulation of R. typus in the north-west Pacific Ocean have been reviewed. The results provide a useful resource for future assessment of the possible development of R. typus ecotourism in Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2012
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18. Reproductive biology of the Japanese butterfish, Psenopsis anomala, in the waters off southwestern Taiwan.
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Wu, C.-C., Su, W.-C., Liu, K.-M., Weng, J.-S., and Wu, L.-J.
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FISH research ,STROMATEIDAE ,ANOMALA ,FISH spawning ,FISH populations ,BODY weight ,FISHERY management - Abstract
Summary The dramatic decline in annual yield of the Japanese butterfish, Psenopsis anomala, in southwestern Taiwan over the past decade suggests that this stock might have been overexploited. However, its fishery biology and stock status is poorly understood. This study therefore provides the first information on P. anomala reproductive biology based on 983 specimens collected by small trawlers in southwestern Taiwan waters between February 1999 and February 2000. The sex ratio, 0.44 (431/983), differed significantly from 0.5 and females predominated in fork length above 180 mm. The relationships between body weight (BW) and fork length (FL) were estimated as BW = 1.62 × 10
−4 ×2.637 ( r2 = 0.74; n = 430, P < 0.01) for females and BW = 1.28 × 10−4 ×2.671 ( r2 =0.511 (n = 132, r2 =11.4194−0.0749FL ) ( r2 =11.5113−0.0732FL ) ( r2 =- Published
- 2012
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19. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein predicts mortality but not stroke: the Northern Manhattan Study.
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Elkind MS, Luna JM, Moon YP, Liu KM, Spitalnik SL, Paik MC, Sacco RL, Elkind, M S V, Luna, J M, Moon, Y P, Liu, K M, Spitalnik, S L, Paik, M C, and Sacco, R L
- Published
- 2009
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20. The formation of bound states and the conductance modulation on 0.7 anomaly in a quantum wire.
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Liu, K M, Hsiao, J H, Hong, T M, Umansky, V, and Hsu, S Y
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- 2009
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21. Bioenergetics of juvenile whitespotted bamboo shark Chiloscyllium plagiosum [Anonymous (Bennett)].
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Chen, W.-K., Liu, K.-M., and Liao, Y.-Y.
- Subjects
- *
BIOENERGETICS , *SHARKS , *SIZE of fishes , *SQUIDS , *BOMB calorimeter , *FISH research - Abstract
This study establishes the bioenergetics budget of juvenile whitespotted bamboo shark Chiloscyllium plagiosum by estimating the standard metabolic rate ( RS), measuring the effect of body size and temperature on the RS, and identifying the specific dynamic action ( RSDA) magnitude and duration of that action in juvenile whitespotted bamboo sharks. The mean ±s.d. ( RS) of six fish (500–620 g) measured in a circular closed respirometry system was 30·21 ± 5·68 mg O2 kg−1 h−1 at 18° C and 70·38 ± 14·81 mg O2 kg−1 h−1 at 28° C, respectively. There were no significant differences in RS between day and night at either 18 or 28° C ( t-test, P > 0·05). The mean ±s.d. Q10 for 18–28° C was 2·32 ± 0·06 ( n = 6). The amount of oxygen consumed per hour changed predictably with body mass ( M; 295–750 g) following the relationship: ( n = 40, r2= 0·92, P < 0·05). The mean magnitude of RSDA was 95·28 ± 17·55 mg O2 kg−1 h−1. The amount of gross ingested energy ( EI) expended as RSDA ranged from 6·32 to 12·78% with a mean ±s.d. of 8·01 ± 0·03%. The duration of the RSDA effect was 122 h. The energy content of juvenile whitespotted bamboo shark, squid and faeces determined by bomb calorimeter were 19·51, 20·3 and 18·62 kJ g dry mass−1. A mean bioenergetic budget for juvenile whitespotted bamboo sharks fed with squid at 18° C was 100 C = 29·5 G + 31·9 RS+ 28·2 RSDA+ 6·7 F + 2·1 E + 1·6 U, where C = consumption, G = growth, F = egestion, E = excretion and U = unaccounted energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
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22. Ethnic dental analysis of shovel and Carabelli's traits in a Chinese population.
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Hsu, John W., Tsai, Pei L., Hsiao, Tin H., Chang, Hong P., Liu, Li M., Liu, Keh M., Yu, Hsin S., Ferguson, Donald, Hsu, J W, Tsai, P L, Hsiao, T H, Chang, H P, Lin, L M, Liu, K M, Yu, H S, and Ferguson, D
- Published
- 1999
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23. TAU METHOD APPROXIMATE SOLUTION OF HIGH-ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS DEFINED IN THE COMPLEX PLANE, WITH AN APPLICATION TO ORR-SOMMERFELD STABILITY EQUATION.
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Liu, K. M. and Ortiz, E. L.
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BESSEL functions ,DIFFERENTIAL equations ,NUMERICAL integration ,EIGENVALUES ,MATRICES (Mathematics) ,HARMONIC analysis (Mathematics) - Abstract
Recent new formulations of the Tau method have made it possible to apply it to a variety of new problems. In this paper we consider the numerical estimation of complex eigenvalues of high-order differential equations by using the Tau method. The example considered is Orr-Sommerfeld's stability equation, for which there is a considerable literature on high-accuracy numerical estimations. Our numerical results compare favorably with the most accurate ones reported in the recent literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1987
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24. Comparative study of growth of Chinese infants: Hong Kong versus Guangzhou.
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Leung, S. S. F., Peng, C. X., Xu, Y. Y., Liu, K. M., Quan, X. J, Lui, S., Davies, D. P., and Leung, S S
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- 1994
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25. Co/Ti Cooperative C(sp2)–C(sp2) Cross-Coupling Reactions.
- Author
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ZENG, J., LIU, K. M., and DUAN, X. F.
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- 2014
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26. Effect of impurity scattering on the linear and nonlinear conductances of quasi-one-dimensional disordered quantum wires by asymmetrically lateral confinement.
- Author
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Liu, K. M., Juang, C. H., Umansky, V., and Hsu, S. Y.
- Published
- 2010
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27. ChemInform Abstract: Radical Cyclization Reactions of 4-Bromo Vinylogous Esters, Vinylogous Amides and Enones.
- Author
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SHA, C.-K., TSENG, W.-H., HUANG, K.-T., LIU, K.-M., LIN, H.-Y., and CHU, S.-Y.
- Published
- 1997
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28. Distribution patterns and population structure of the blue shark (Prionace glauca) in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans
- Author
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Coelho, R. (Rui), Mejuto-García, J. (Jaime), Domingo, A. (Andrés), Yokawa, K. (Kotaro), Liu, K. M. (Kwang-Ming), Cortés, E. (Enric), Romanov, E. (Evgeny V.), Da Silva, Chalene, Hazin, F. (Fabio), Arocha, F. (Freddy), Masawbi, Aldrin, Bach, P. (Pascal), Ortiz-de-Zárate, V. (Victoria), Roche, William, Lino, P.G. (Pedro G.), García-Cortés, B. (Blanca), Ramos-Cartelle, A. (Ana), Forselledo, R. (Rodrigo), Mas, F. (Federico), Oshimo, Seiji, Courtney, D.L. (Dean L.), Sabarros, P.S. (Philippe S.), Perez, Bernardo, Wogerbauer, Ciara, Tsai, W.P. (Wen-Pei), Carvalho, F. (Felipe), and Santos, M.N. (Miguel Neves)
- Subjects
fish ,pelagic fisheries ,spatial distribution ,fisheries ,size distribution ,distribution ,fishery observ programmes ,aldrin ,population structure ,Atlantic ocean ,Indian Ocean - Abstract
The blue shark (Prionace glauca) is the most frequently captured shark in pelagic oceanic fisheries, especially pelagic longlines targeting swordfish and/or tunas. As part of cooperative scientific efforts for fisheries and biological data collection, information from fishery observers, scientific projects and surveys, and from recreational fisheries from several nations in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans was compiled. Data sets included information on location, size and sex, in a total of 478,220 blue shark records collected between 1966 and 2014. Sizes ranged from 36 to 394 cm fork length. Considerable variability was observed in the size distribution by region and season in both oceans. Larger blue sharks tend to occur in equatorial and tropical regions, and smaller specimens in higher latitudes in temperate waters. Differences in sex ratios were also detected spatially and seasonally. Nursery areas in the Atlantic seem to occur in the temperate south-east off South Africa and Namibia, in the south-west off southern Brazil and Uruguay, and in the north-east off the Iberian Peninsula and the Azores. Parturition may occur in the tropical north-east off West Africa. In the Indian Ocean, nursery areas also seem to occur in temperate waters, especially in the south-west Indian Ocean off South Africa, and in the south-east off south-western Australia. The distributional patterns presented in this study provide a better understanding of how blue sharks segregate by size and sex, spatially and temporally, and improve the scientific advice to help adopt more informed and efficient management and conservation measures for this cosmopolitan species.
- Published
- 2017
29. Parametric Study of Amorphous High-Entropy Alloys formation from two New Perspectives: Atomic Radius Modification and Crystalline Structure of Alloying Elements.
- Author
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Hu Q, Guo S, Wang JM, Yan YH, Chen SS, Lu DP, Liu KM, Zou JZ, and Zeng XR
- Abstract
Chemical and topological parameters have been widely used for predicting the phase selection in high-entropy alloys (HEAs). Nevertheless, previous studies could be faulted due to the small number of available data points, the negligence of kinetic effects, and the insensitivity to small compositional changes. Here in this work, 92 TiZrHfM, TiZrHfMM, TiZrHfMMM (M = Fe, Cr, V, Nb, Al, Ag, Cu, Ni) HEAs were prepared by melt spinning, to build a reliable and sufficiently large material database to inspect the robustness of previously established parameters. Modification of atomic radii by considering the change of local electronic environment in alloys, was critically found out to be superior in distinguishing the formation of amorphous and crystalline alloys, when compared to using atomic radii of pure elements in topological parameters. Moreover, crystal structures of alloying element were found to play an important role in the amorphous phase formation, which was then attributed to how alloying hexagonal-close-packed elements and face-centered-cubic or body-centered-cubic elements can affect the mixing enthalpy. Findings from this work not only provide parametric studies for HEAs with new and important perspectives, but also reveal possibly a hidden connection among some important concepts in various fields.
- Published
- 2017
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30. Morphological study of cultured cardiac ganglionic neurons from different postnatal stages of rats.
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Her WY, Fu YS, Liu TS, and Liu KM
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- Age Factors, Animals, Cell Size, Cells, Cultured, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Ganglia, Autonomic cytology, Heart innervation, Neurons cytology
- Abstract
This study sought to establish a culture model of cardiac ganglia (CG) neurons of the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat which could by used to study the distinct characteristics of CG neurons. After culturing, the morphology and immunocytochemistry of CG neurons obtained on different days after birth were compared. Samples of CG neurons were taken from the posterior atrial wall of rats aged 7, 14, 21 and 40 postnatal days (designated as P7, P14, P21 and P40, respectively). During 3-6 days of culture, the morphological changes of the cultured neurons were monitored using a light microscope. Immunocytochemical staining of the neurofilaments (NF-L, -M and -H) was performed to identify the CG neurons and the changes in morphology. The differences in size of the CG soma of each culture were compared by morphometry. Frozen sections of CG neurons were used as the in vivo control of the above experiments. The results showed that the rate of growth in size of the CG soma was highest in the P7 group, and was slower after weaning (21 days after birth). Cultured neurons were categorized into unipolar-like (Type I), multipolar-like (Type II), and bipolar-like (Type III) based on their morphological characteristics. In NF immuocytochemical staining, there were strong responses to NF-H and NF-M in all cultures, but not to NF-L. More specifically, responses to NF-H were mainly observed in perikaryons and neurites, whereas the responses to NF-M were mainly in perikaryons. The present study has established a culture system for cardiac ganglia neurons of SD rats. Our results show that the intracardiac neurons were still developing in their somata and the processes and that various responses to different antibodies of NF for CG neurons occurred in different postnatal stages in rats.
- Published
- 2000
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31. Repetitive phenomena in dementia.
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Hwang JP, Tsai SJ, Yang CH, Liu KM, and Lirng JF
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- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, China, Female, Humans, Incidence, Inpatients, Male, Severity of Illness Index, Dementia psychology, Stereotyped Behavior, Verbal Behavior
- Abstract
Objective: Both repetitive talk and behaviors (repetitive phenomena) are common in demented patients and are bothersome to their caregivers and families. The purpose of this preliminary report was to explore these repetitive phenomena in demented patients admitted to a geropsychiatric ward., Method: The sample population consisted of 141 demented patients. Patients' caregivers were asked if patients had presented a repetitive fixed pattern of physical action or talk since the onset of dementia., Results: Of the 141 demented patients included in the study, seventy-nine had repetitive phenomena. Patients with these phenomena had various presentations and developed them in the early stage of dementia., Conclusions: Repetitive phenomena are widespread in dementia, especially for older patients, and may be an early sign of dementia. The characteristics of repetitive phenomena and some likely underlying mechanisms are discussed.
- Published
- 2000
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32. Persecutory delusions in dementia.
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Hwang JP, Tsai SJ, Yang CH, Liu KM, and Lirng JF
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- Age of Onset, Aged, Aggression psychology, Alzheimer Disease diagnosis, Alzheimer Disease epidemiology, Alzheimer Disease psychology, Comorbidity, Delusions epidemiology, Delusions psychology, Dementia epidemiology, Dementia psychology, Female, Hallucinations diagnosis, Hallucinations epidemiology, Hallucinations psychology, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales statistics & numerical data, Suicide, Attempted psychology, Suicide, Attempted statistics & numerical data, Taiwan epidemiology, Veterans psychology, Delusions diagnosis, Dementia diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: Persecutory delusions are common in dementia. This study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence, associated factors, and characteristics of persecutory delusions in demented patients., Method: The sample population included 167 demented patients (DSM-III-R criteria) admitted to a geropsychiatric ward. Patients were assessed for the occurrence of any persecutory delusions since the onset of dementia. The content of persecutory delusions, the patients' response to the delusions, and any concomitant psychiatric symptoms were also explored., Results: Of the 167 demented patients, 45 (26.9%) showed symptoms of persecutory delusions. Patients with persecutory delusions had a higher prevalence of other delusions, hallucinations, and physically aggressive behaviors. The deluded patients often thought that their caregivers were their persecutors and had a wide range of responses to their delusions. After they were hospitalized, many of these patients attacked medical staff and were uncooperative with treatment., Conclusion: Persecutory delusions are common in dementia of various types. Deluded patients often have vigorous responses to their delusions including physically aggressive behaviors and suicide attempts. Careful evaluation is needed to assess the potential for violent and suicidal behaviors in these patients. Medical staff should be alert to clinical strategies for handling the treatment of such patients when they become violent or uncooperative.
- Published
- 1999
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33. Inappropriate sexual behaviors in dementia: a preliminary report.
- Author
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Tsai SJ, Hwang JP, Yang CH, Liu KM, and Lirng JF
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Caregivers, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological epidemiology, Alzheimer Disease psychology, Sexual Behavior, Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological psychology
- Abstract
We investigated types of inappropriate sexual behavior (ISB) and patient characteristics in geriatric patients with dementia. The study group consisted of 133 consecutive geropsychiatric demented patients admitted to our ward. All patients underwent standardized diagnostic procedures for dementia, and ISB was assessed by a questionnaire completed by patients' caregivers and records during hospitalization. Patients were then subdivided on the basis of the presence or absence of ISB. Of the 133 demented patients, 20 (15.0%) were reported to demonstrate ISB at home or during hospitalization. Patients with ISB had various types of dementia. There were no significant differences in patients with and without ISB in regard to age, age of onset, gender, educational level, or Mini-Mental State Examination scores. ISB is not unusual in dementia patients and can be found in different types of dementia. Medical care providers need to be trained to discuss sexual issues with caregivers and offer ideas and training to help cope with patients with ISB.
- Published
- 1999
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34. Three-dimensional analysis of vacuoles and surface invaginations of capillary endothelia in the eel rete mirabile.
- Author
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Chen SC, Liu KM, and Wagner RC
- Subjects
- Air Sacs ultrastructure, Animals, Capillary Permeability physiology, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Air Sacs blood supply, Capillaries ultrastructure, Eels anatomy & histology, Endothelium, Vascular ultrastructure, Vacuoles ultrastructure
- Abstract
One layer of attenuated endothelia of continuous capillaries provides a partially selective diffusion barrier between the blood and the interstitium. Ultrastructures of membrane specialization without the known physiologic functions have been found in blood vessel endothelia. The vacuolar profiles or vacuole-like, membrane-bound structures, which are larger than plasmalemmal vesicles, have been observed routinely in normal endothelial cytoplasm or in blood vessels challenged by insults in electron microscopic studies. Three-dimensional information from serial sections is required to understand the organization and functions of vacuole-like structures in capillary endothelium. The capillaries in eel retia mirabile were perfused with electron-dense tracers, glutaraldehyde in buffer, and were processed for transmission electron microscopy. Ribbons of serial thin sections without counterstaining were examined under a transmission electron microscope. The vacuolar profiles inside endothelial cytoplasm were investigated with the techniques of serial section analysis and three-dimensional reconstruction from serial sections. The vacuole-like structures inside endothelial cytoplasm either were connected to extracellular (luminal, abluminal) compartments or existed as isolated vacuoles from serial section analysis. In the eight series examined in this study, six of ten vacuole-like structures were classified as isolated vacuoles inside endothelia, and their diameters ranged between 186 nm and 266 nm. Two of ten vacuole-like structures were found to extend to the luminal surface of capillaries as luminal, pocket-like invaginations. One of ten vacuole-like structures was found to be connected to the albuminal compartment, and another one existed as an extracellular compartment surrounded by endothelia. Three-dimensional projection of the vacuolar compartments from serial sections showed that endothelial cytoplasm of sheet shape protruded and folded over adjacent endothelium. Three-dimensional information from serial sections reveals the organization of vacuolar profiles and pocket-like invaginations from the cell surfaces in capillary endothelium. The vacuolar profiles in capillary endothelia in two-dimensional electron photomicrographs may represent the extracellular compartments surrounded by the endothelial finger-like extensions. The results indicate that the luminal and abluminal surfaces of the capillary lumen are not smooth or static, and endothelia may change their shape in three dimensions through cytoplasmic protrusions when the tissue environment changes.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Hoarding behavior in dementia. A preliminary report.
- Author
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Hwang JP, Tsai SJ, Yang CH, Liu KM, and Lirng JF
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Sex Factors, Dementia psychology, Feeding Behavior psychology
- Abstract
Hoarding behavior has been reported in several mental disorders and is occasionally reported by the caregivers of dementia patients. Such behavior may have adverse effects on the patients and increase the burden of the caregivers. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of hoarding behavior in patients with dementia and identify the characteristics and psychiatric symptoms associated with it. The sample was 133 dementia patients admitted to a geropsychiatric ward. Of the 133 dementia patients, 30 (22.6%) showed hoarding. Hoarding was found in various types of dementia. Patients with hoarding had a higher prevalence of repetitive behaviors, hyperphagia, and pilfering. Results suggested that hoarding behavior is a common symptom in dementia patients and a complex phenomenon. Better understanding of the underlying pathogenesis may highlight specific pharmacological or behavioral methods for treatment of the behavior.
- Published
- 1998
36. Longitudinal analysis of adolescent growth of foot length and stature of children living in Ogi area of Japan: a 12 years data.
- Author
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Liu KM, Shinoda K, Akiyoshi T, and Watanabe H
- Subjects
- Analysis of Variance, Child, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Adolescent physiology, Body Height physiology, Foot growth & development, Growth
- Abstract
Adolescent growth of foot length (FL) and stature were investigated in a sample of 586 children living in the Ogi area of Saga Prefecture Japan, who were traced longitudinally from 6.5 to 17.5 years of age. FL growth and its relationship to height were analyzed using the JPA2 model and the Optimal Kernel Method to fit the serial data of stature and FL. The results demonstrated that there was clear peak growth velocity (PGV) during the adolescent growth period of FL for most of the children; before 11.5 years of age there was no essential difference in mean foot length between girls and boys; the completion of FL growth was on average two years earlier than that of stature and two and a half years after the appearance of the peak height velocity (PHV); girls completed the FL growth two years earlier than boys; the longer the growth period for FL or the larger the value of FL at an early age the bigger the adult foot length; the foot grew in synchrony with the body as a whole.
- Published
- 1998
37. Delusional jealousy in dementia.
- Author
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Tsai SJ, Hwang JP, Yang CH, and Liu KM
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Age of Onset, Aged, Alzheimer Disease diagnosis, Alzheimer Disease epidemiology, Alzheimer Disease psychology, Comorbidity, Delusions epidemiology, Delusions psychology, Dementia epidemiology, Dementia psychology, Dementia, Multi-Infarct diagnosis, Dementia, Multi-Infarct epidemiology, Dementia, Multi-Infarct psychology, Educational Status, Female, Hallucinations diagnosis, Hallucinations epidemiology, Hallucinations psychology, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Sex Factors, Delusions diagnosis, Dementia diagnosis, Jealousy
- Abstract
Background: Delusional jealousy is a major motive for violence and is sometimes found in demented patients. This study was undertaken to investigate the frequency and the characteristics of delusional jealousy in demented patients., Method: The sample population consisted of 133 demented patients admitted to the geropsychiatric ward. Patients with and without delusional jealousy were compared in terms of general characteristics and psychotic symptoms., Results: Of the 133 demented patients, 21 (15.8%) showed delusional jealousy. Delusional jealousy was found in various types of dementia. There were no significant differences between the two groups in regard to age, age at onset, gender, educational level, and Mini-Mental State Examination score. All patients with delusional jealousy had at least one other psychotic symptom., Conclusion: Delusional jealousy is a common problem in dementia. The psychobiological factors of delusional jealousy and cognitive function in demented patients may differ. There may be various underlying factors for the development of delusional jealousy in dementia.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Capgras' syndrome in a patient with vascular dementia: a case report.
- Author
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Tsai SJ, Hwang JP, Yang CH, Liu KM, and Lo Y
- Subjects
- Aged, Humans, Male, Capgras Syndrome etiology, Dementia, Vascular complications
- Abstract
Capgras' syndrome is characterized by a subjective certainty that a familiar person has been replaced by an identical double. This syndrome has been observed in psychiatric and neurological diseases, and has been reported in several cases of dementia of the Alzheimer type. Here, we present a patient with vascular dementia in whom Capgras' syndrome developed in the early stages of dementia, and who exhibited violence. This case suggests that Capgras' syndrome can occur in vascular dementia. In older patients with this syndrome, dementia should also be considered in its differential diagnosis. In addition, patients with Capgras' syndrome should be evaluated for violent potential.
- Published
- 1997
39. The effect of shovel trait on Carabelli's trait in Taiwan Chinese and Aboriginal populations.
- Author
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Hsu JW, Tsai PL, Hsiao TH, Chang HP, Lin LM, Liu KM, Yu HS, and Ferguson D
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Anthropology, Physical, Confidence Intervals, Female, Forensic Dentistry, Humans, Incisor anatomy & histology, Logistic Models, Male, Molar anatomy & histology, Odds Ratio, Racial Groups, Taiwan, Asian People genetics, Dental Occlusion, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander genetics, Tooth anatomy & histology
- Abstract
Chinese and other Mongoloid populations differ from Caucasoids by having a high prevalence of shovel trait and a low prevalence of Carabelli's trait. This study was conducted to compare the association between the shovel and the Carabelli's traits between Chinese and aboriginal Mongoloid populations. The research is designed to sample randomly a Chinese population and an aboriginal population having low admixture with neighboring populations. The Mongoloid aboriginal group was from the Bunun tribe who resides in an isolated alpine area in Taiwan. The effects of sex and age on Carabelli's trait were controlled in this study, as was the association between tooth size and Carabelli's trait. Our results show that males had more Carabelli's trait expressed on teeth than females in both of these two Mongoloid populations. The buccolingual diameter of Carabelli's trait teeth was larger than that of teeth without the trait. After controlling for sex, age, and tooth size, the existence of the shovel trait significantly increased the likelihood of having Carabelli's trait, especially in Chinese, which implies another significant ethnic feature for Mongoloid identification.
- Published
- 1997
40. Behavioural disturbances in psychiatric inpatients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type in Taiwan.
- Author
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Hwang JP, Yang CH, Tsai SJ, and Liu KM
- Subjects
- Aged, Chi-Square Distribution, Cognition Disorders epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Feeding and Eating Disorders epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Orientation, Psychomotor Agitation epidemiology, Severity of Illness Index, Sleep Wake Disorders epidemiology, Social Behavior Disorders etiology, Taiwan epidemiology, Alzheimer Disease epidemiology, Behavioral Symptoms epidemiology
- Abstract
This report studied behavioural disturbances in psychiatric inpatients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) in Taiwan. The sample consisted of 75 inpatients with DAT who were consecutively admitted to the geropsychiatric ward. Their behavioural disturbances were obtained from semistructured interviews with families and ward observation. There were eight main behavioural disturbances: getting lost, repetitive phenomena, sleep disturbance, aggression, wandering, hyperphagia, hoarding behaviour, and inappropriate sexual behaviour. Number of behavioural disturbances, wandering, hyperphagia and sleep disturbance were significantly associated with the severity of cognitive impairment.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. A case of double inferior venae cavae.
- Author
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Hsiao TH, Chang HP, and Liu KM
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Vena Cava, Inferior abnormalities
- Abstract
In this study, we present a case of double inferior venae cavae found among 252 Taiwanese cadavers that were dissected in the gross anatomy laboratory of Kaohsiung Medical College from 1978 to 1996. The lumbar portion of the normal inferior vena cava is embryologically formed by the persistence of the right supracardinal vein. Persistence of the left one gives rise to the left inferior vena cava and the persistence of the bilateral ones, the double inferior venae cavae. In this case, there is an anastomosis between the right and left inferior venae cavae. The anastomotic type of this anomaly seems to be more common than the non-anastomotic one.
- Published
- 1997
42. Delusions of theft in dementia of the Alzheimer type: a preliminary report.
- Author
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Hwang JP, Yang CH, Tsai SJ, and Liu KM
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Alzheimer Disease psychology, Delusions etiology, Theft psychology
- Abstract
Delusions of theft are commonly found in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). This report describes the frequency, onset, and characteristics of delusions of theft in DAT patients. The sample consisted of 54 geropsychiatric inpatients with DAT; delusions of theft were found in 30 (55.6%) patients. Two thirds of these patients had delusions of theft within 1 year after onset of illness. There were no significant differences in age, age of onset, duration of disease, years of education, or the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score between patients with and without delusions of theft. Delusions of theft frequently occur in the early stage of dementia, when the patients' cognitive impairments are relatively mild. The presence of this symptom may warrant a diagnosis of DAT.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Liposomes-coated hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate implanted in the mandibular bony defect of miniature swine.
- Author
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Huang JS, Liu KM, Chen CC, Ho KY, Wu YM, Wang CC, Cheng YM, Ko WL, Liu CS, Ho YP, Wang YP, and Hong K
- Subjects
- Alveolar Process pathology, Animals, Biocompatible Materials, Mandible pathology, Swine, Swine, Miniature, Bone Regeneration physiology, Bone Substitutes, Calcium Phosphates, Durapatite, Liposomes
- Abstract
Hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate have been used as bone implants for some period of time. Now unfortunately, these materials have failed to become the nucleation sites for bone regeneration. We hypothesized that coating hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate with negatively charged liposomes may improve the nucleation process for new bone formation. The present study was designed to test this hypothesis. Experiments were carried out in 15 miniature swines' mandibular angle with artificial bony defects. In each of the swine, the bony defects on one side were implanted with either liposomes coated with hydroxyapatite or liposomes coated with tricalcium phosphate, while the other side served as control. At the end of the third and sixth weeks following the operation, we observed result, took histology and radiographs of the operated area. The results showed that liposomes-coated materials were biocompatible and their clinical endpoint was enhanced. At the end of the third week, the implant material was surrounded by dense connective tissues. At the end of the sixth week, there were new bone formations near the implanted material. In addition, liposomes which were immobilized in agarose gel and implanted in the defects showed new bony bridge formation. These observations suggest that liposomes have the ability in promoting repair of osseous deficiencies.
- Published
- 1997
44. A method of magnification correction for posteroanterior radiographic cephalometry.
- Author
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Hsiao TH, Chang HP, and Liu KM
- Subjects
- Adult, Algorithms, Frontal Bone anatomy & histology, Frontal Bone diagnostic imaging, Humans, Mandible anatomy & histology, Mandible diagnostic imaging, Mastoid anatomy & histology, Mastoid diagnostic imaging, Maxilla anatomy & histology, Maxilla diagnostic imaging, Prostheses and Implants, Reproducibility of Results, Skull anatomy & histology, Skull Base anatomy & histology, Skull Base diagnostic imaging, Zygoma anatomy & histology, Zygoma diagnostic imaging, Cephalometry methods, Radiographic Magnification, Skull diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
A simple method for magnification correction of width measurements from posteroanterior (PA) cephalograms is presented. Small lead markers were placed on selected landmarks of dry skulls. Lateral and PA cephalograms were obtained for each skull. Seven cephalometric width measurements were selected. Actual widths were deduced from the geometric principle of similar triangles. The magnification factor is the distance between the anode and the transporionic axis, plus or minus the corrected distance of the landmark to the transporionic axis measured from the lateral cephalogram, divided by the distances between the anode and the film. Differences between measurements made directly on the skull and corrected width measurements from the PA films were observed to be very small (< 0.50 mm) and statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). Paired measurements were of high correlation (r = +0.99). The present method of magnification correction means cephalometric width measurements can be made that are comparable in accuracy with measurements made directly on the skulls.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Influence of furosemide on the ureteric damage in a rat model of obstructive uropathy.
- Author
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Chuang YH, Chuang WL, Huang SP, Liu KM, Chen SS, and Huang CH
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Hydronephrosis physiopathology, Ligation, Microscopy, Electron, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Ureter ultrastructure, Ureteral Obstruction physiopathology, Urodynamics drug effects, Diuretics pharmacology, Furosemide pharmacology, Hydronephrosis pathology, Ureter drug effects, Ureteral Obstruction pathology
- Abstract
Furosemide has been used in the diuretic renography and diuretic radionuclide scan to evaluate the severity of hydroureter and hydronephrosis. To elucidate the influence of furosemide on obstructed ureters, unilateral ligation of ureter was performed in 45 rats. Twenty-four of the rats received intramuscular injections of furosemide (6 mg/kg/day) after the third day postligation. Eight rats were sacrificed for examination on days 7, 10 and 14 after ligation, respectively. The remaining 21 untreated rats were also sacrificed for comparison. The severity of hydroureter and hydronephrosis in the ligated side of the furosemide-treated rats was significantly higher than that of the untreated rats. However, the histological changes in the treated and untreated rats showed no significant difference. The ultrastructural alterations aggravated along the course of ureteric obstruction. Intriguingly, the ultrastructural changes were significantly milder in the treated rats. We conclude that the administration of furosemide might increase the severity of hydroureter, but it does not accelerate the ureteric damage of the obstructed ureters.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Sex determination by discriminant function analysis of lateral radiographic cephalometry.
- Author
-
Hsiao TH, Chang HP, and Liu KM
- Subjects
- Adult, Discriminant Analysis, Female, Humans, Male, Radiography, Cephalometry, Sex Characteristics, Skull diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
The present work is an attempt to develop a new method to determine sex from the skull with lateral radiographic cephalometry and discriminant function analysis. The superciliary ridges, frontal sinuses, external occipital protuberance, and mastoid processes were adopted as objects of lateral radiographic cephalometric measurements. With discriminant functions created from 18 established cephalometric variables, a total of 100 cases were classified into two sexual groups with 100% accuracy in a random sample of Taiwanese adults. Therefore, we may obtain a much greater reliability of sex determination from skulls according to this newly developed technique.
- Published
- 1996
47. Logistic analysis of the effects of shovel trait on Carabelli's trait in a Mongoloid population.
- Author
-
Tsai PL, Hsu JW, Lin LM, and Liu KM
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Aging genetics, Aging physiology, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Regression Analysis, Sex Characteristics, Tooth physiology, White People genetics, Asian People genetics, Dental Occlusion, Models, Biological, Tooth anatomy & histology
- Abstract
Mongoloid populations differ from Caucasoids by having a high prevalence of shovel trait and a low prevalence of Carabelli's trait. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the shovel trait on Carabelli's trait in a Mongoloid population. The research design sought a population that resides in an isolated area and exhibits low admixture with neighboring populations. The Mongoloid group selected for study was the Bunun tribe of aborigines who inhabit an alpine area in Taiwan. The effects of sex and age on Carabelli's trait were controlled in this investigation, as was the association between tooth size and Carabelli's trait. Results show that males were more likely to have Carabelli's trait expressed on teeth than females. The buccolingual diameter of Carabelli's trait teeth was larger than that of teeth without the trait. After adjusting for sex, age, and tooth size, the existence of the shovel trait increased the likelihood of having Carabelli's trait by a factor of three, an effect that is significant.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Psychotic symptoms in psychiatric inpatients with dementia of the Alzheimer and vascular types.
- Author
-
Hwang JP, Yang CH, Tsai SJ, and Liu KM
- Subjects
- Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Alzheimer Disease psychology, Dementia, Vascular psychology, Psychotic Disorders etiology
- Abstract
Background: Demented patients often manifest psychotic symptoms including delusion, hallucination and misidentification. This report attempts to describe the frequencies and characteristics of such symptoms in psychiatric inpatients with dementia, and to identify the characteristics of dementia with and without psychotic symptoms., Methods: The study included 78 demented patients who were consecutively admitted to the psychiatric ward. Their psychotic symptoms were obtained from semistructured interview and the assessment using BEHAVE AD. Delusion and hallucination were rated as "present" if the descriptions were consistent with the definition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R). Misidentification was defined individually., Results: There were 54 patients with DAT and 24 patients with VD. The frequency of psychotic symptoms in DAT and VD was 71.8%. The frequency of delusion in DAT and VD was 59.0%, misidentification, 33.3% and hallucination, 25.6%. Demented patients with psychotic symptoms were older (p = 0.037) than those without psychotic symptoms., Conclusions: Psychotic symptoms are common in psychiatric inpatients with DAT and VD, the most common being delusional. Delusion of theft is the most common one. Demented patients with psychotic symptoms were older than those without.
- Published
- 1996
49. Physical aggression and associated factors in probable Alzheimer disease.
- Author
-
Tsai SJ, Hwang JP, Yang CH, and Liu KM
- Subjects
- Aged, Alzheimer Disease physiopathology, Female, Humans, Male, Aggression physiology, Alzheimer Disease psychology
- Abstract
Aggressive behavior is thought to be pervasive among and devastating to demented patients and their caregivers. This study investigated the prevalence of physical aggression in demented inpatients with Alzheimer disease (AD). Additionally, the characteristics and psychiatric symptoms that may be associated with aggression were tested. Forty-seven patients with probable AD were included in this study. Physical aggression was reported in 27 (57.4%) of the patients. These patients were older, had a later onset of dementia, and had a higher prevalence of misidentification, activity disturbances, and day/night disturbance. The relationship between these factors and physical aggression needs further clarification, which may help provide effective predictors and treatment of the aggressive behavior.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Growth characteristics of normal and dystrophic myoblasts in primary myoblast cultures.
- Author
-
Cheng KF, Chuang YH, Her WY, Chen SC, and Liu KM
- Subjects
- Aging, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Cell Division, Cells, Cultured, Culture Techniques methods, Kinetics, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Inbred mdx, Muscle Development, Muscle, Skeletal growth & development, Reference Values, Time Factors, Muscle, Skeletal cytology, Muscle, Skeletal pathology, Muscular Dystrophy, Animal pathology
- Abstract
This study employed immunocytochemistry and toluidine blue counterstaining to compare different procedures utilized in primary myoblast cultures, from which an optimal culture model for normal myoblasts could be derived. The growth characteristics of normal and dystrophic myoblasts were also investigated by means of this model. Results indicate that the requirements for an ideal myoblast culture should include a combined enzyme of 0.25% trypsin and 0.2% collagenase (type IV) (1:1), a preplating time of approximately 15-20 minutes, and a seeding density of 1 x 10(5) cells/ml. Furthermore, the mouse samples should be newborn mice. A better proliferative capacity of myoblasts was noted in an incubator with 10% CO2 coupled with Dulbecco's MEM plus 15% fetal calf serum. With regard to the growth characteristics of normal and dystrophic myoblasts, the doubling time of normal myoblasts was shorter than that of dystrophic myoblasts. In terms of the fusion percentage of myoblasts, dystrophic myoblasts tended to fuse earlier than normal ones, especially after 5 days in culture. The findings of this study are valuable in understanding the myogenesis of myoblasts under different culture conditions. The establishment of requirements for good growth of myoblast cultures will facilitate myoblast transfer therapy. Finally, the growth characteristics of normal and dystrophic myoblasts as well as variances in the proliferation and differentiation of these two types of cells are clarified.
- Published
- 1996
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