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The confinement effects within coordination cages present powerful tools in modern chemistry, particularly for the synthesis and manipulation of complex molecules. This concept article reviews the use of coordination cages to stabilize and tune the properties of polyoxometalates (POMs), a class of nano‐sized metallic clusters, expanding the focus beyond traditional organic reactions. The article provides a brief overview of coordination cages, POM chemistry and discusses the encapsulation of POMs in coordination cages, highlighting how these cages provide a confinement effect that enhances the stability and reactivity of POMs. Additionally, the concept of cavity‐directed synthesis is explored as a method for creating labile POMs, which are often unstable in aqueous conditions, underlining its implications for supramolecular catalysis. Future research will focus on expanding the structures and applications of encapsulated POMs, as well as improving cage designs to unlock new cluster architectures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supramolecular functional materials can be used to overcome some of the most challenging tasks in materials science, where the dynamic nature of supramolecular interactions can be leveraged to fine‐tune the properties of the material for a given task. The Lindqvist hexavanadate family of polyoxometalates (POMs) have emerged as particularly interesting candidates to be used in supramolecular materials due to their redox and Lewis acid properties that enable their application in the fields of energy conversion/storage or catalysis. Despite their promising potential, hexavanadate clusters are underrepresented in the field of supramolecular materials, mainly due to the synthetic challenges related to their inherent reactivity. In this work, pillar[5]arene was successfully grafted onto a Lindqvist hexavanadate and the resulting structure was confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction (SC‐XRD), presenting the first example of a crystal structure of a POMcovalently functionalized with a pillar[5]arene. By introducing a ditopic guest molecule that could interlink pillar[5]arene moieties, host–guest interactions were leveraged as the driving force for the formation of supramolecular assemblies incorporating hexavanadate clusters in a controlled manner. The enhanced catalytic performance of the resulting aggregates confirmed their potential application as functional catalytic materials. This novel approach for developing hexavanadate‐based catalysts reported here showcases the potential of using host–guest interactions as a means to introduce catalytically active metal‐oxo clusters into supramolecular frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The artificial microenvironments inside coordination cages have gained significant attention for performing enzyme‐like catalytic reactions by facilitating the formation of labile and complex molecules through a "ship‐in‐a‐bottle" approach. Despite many fascinating examples, this approach remains scarcely explored in the context of synthesizing metallic clusters such as polyoxometalates (POMs). The development of innovative approaches to control and influence the speciation of POMs in aqueous solutions would greatly advance their applicability and could ultimately lead to the formation of elusive clusters that cannot be synthesized by using traditional methods. In this study, we employ host–guest stabilization within a coordination cage to enable a novel cavity‐directed synthesis of labile POMs in aqueous solutions under mild conditions. The elusive Lindqvist [M6O19]2− (M=Mo or W) POMs were successfully synthesized at room temperature via the condensation of molybdate or tungstate building blocks within the confined cavity of a robust and water‐soluble Pt6L4(NO3)12 coordination cage. Importantly, the encapsulation of these POMs enhances their stability in water, rendering them efficient catalysts for environmentally friendly and selective sulfoxidation reactions using H2O2 as a green oxidant in a pure aqueous medium. The approach developed in this paper offers a means to synthesize and stabilize the otherwise unstable metal‐oxo clusters in water, which can broaden the scope of their applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although anti-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 33 antibodies have been reported to be present in various connective tissue diseases (CTDs), the clinical significance of anti-RA33 in CTDs is still obscure. This study was performed to explore the clinical significance of anti-RA33 in CTDs, especially systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A total of 565 patients with positive anti-nuclear antibodies who had been tested for anti-RA33 were included in this study and were further classified into RA33-positive and RA33-negative groups. The association between anti-RA33 and the clinical features of CTDs was examined. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to explore the diagnostic value of anti-RA33 in SLE and SLE-related organ involvement. The results showed that SLE was the most common disease in CTD patients positive for anti-RA33 (48.8%). Compared with the RA33-negative group, higher proportions of SLE-associated antibodies and SLE patients with a high disease activity as well as lower levels of serum complement components were observed in the RA33-positive group (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, CTD patients with positive anti-RA33 were more likely to suffer from mucocutaneous and hematological involvement as well as interstitial lung disease (all p < 0.05). ROC analysis revealed an area under the curve value of 0.634 (95% confidence interval: 0.587–0.681) for anti-RA33 in the diagnosis of SLE, with a specificity and sensitivity of 92.9% and 13.5%, respectively. Taken together, this study reveals a significant association between anti-RA33 and the clinical features of CTDs, especially SLE, indicating a potential clinical significance of anti-RA33 in the management of SLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Anti-Ro60 and anti-Ro52 antibodies are associated with different connective tissue diseases (CTDs). However, the clinical significance of anti-Ro antibodies is not always consistent among different global regions. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with anti-Ro antibodies. Methods. A total of 1596 inpatients with anti-Ro antibodies were included in the study. Demographic, clinical, and serological data were compared between individuals with different profiles of anti-Ro antibodies: patients with anti-Ro52 antibodies alone, patients with anti-Ro60 antibodies alone, and patients with combined anti-Ro52 and anti-Ro60 antibodies. Results. Of the 1596 patients, 1362 (85.3%) were female, the mean age was 45.5 years, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (46.0%) and Sjogren's syndrome (SS) (19.0%) were the most common CTD diagnoses. Among the patients with anti-Ro52 antibodies alone, idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (18.8%) and SLE (17.6%) were the most common CTD diagnoses. The coexistent autoantibodies of this group were significantly lower compared with those of the other two groups, while the presence of anti-Jo1 antibodies were significantly higher compared with those of the other two groups (3.7% vs. 0.6% vs. 1.9%, p = 0.029). In addition, the patients with isolated anti-Ro52 antibodies were more likely to suffer from interstitial lung disease (35.5% vs. 11.3% vs. 13.7%, p < 10 − 4 ) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (10.1% vs. 5.3% vs. 3.6%, p = 0.001) compared with the other two groups of patients. Compared with patients with isolated anti-Ro52 or anti-Ro60 antibodies, the patients with combined anti-Ro52 and anti-Ro60 antibodies were more likely to suffer from xerophthalmia and xerostomia. Furthermore, hypocomplementemia, hyperglobulinemia, and proteinuria were particularly prevalent in patients with anti-Ro60 antibodies. Conclusion. Different profiles of anti-Ro antibodies were significantly associated with clinical phenotypic features in CTDs, indicating the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of these antibodies in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis characterized by IgA deposits in the mesangial area of glomeruli. Connective tissue disorders are some of the most frequent causes of secondary IgAN. Nevertheless, IgAN rarely occurs in systemic autoimmune myopathies (SAMs). The present case study reports on a 58-year-old patient with dermatomyositis with positive anti-transcription intermediary factor (TIF)-1γ antibodies who was diagnosed with IgAN during standard immunosuppressive therapy. Moreover, we have made a systematic review regarding the association of SAMs and IgAN. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first case study describing a patient with anti-TIF1γ antibody-positive dermatomyositis who developed IgAN, which demonstrates a potential relationship between anti-TIF1γ-positive dermatomyositis and IgAN. It is important for clinicians to be aware of the possibility of renal involvement in patients with SAMs, even in those with anti-TIF1γ-positive dermatomyositis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diversification of the structures and the applications possible for foldamers rely on expansion of the building block library available for their synthesis. In this work, we describe the synthesis of a range of three dimensional heteroaromatic monomers, based on iptycene scaffolds, that are suitable for the synthesis of aromatic oligoamide foldamers. These units can be obtained in gram quantities in up to 80 % yield through [4+2] cycloaddition between diester, diamine, and amino acid derivatives of 1,8‐diazaanthracenes and a variety of dienophiles. X‐ray structural studies of the monomers and an oligomer show that the new motif orients the two heterocyclic rings and attached groups at an angle of approximately 120° to each other, opening new geometric considerations for the design of this class of foldamer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Back Cover: Cavity-Directed Synthesis of Labile Polyoxometalates for Catalysis in Confined Spaces" presents a novel approach called the "ship-in-a-bottle" method for synthesizing unstable polyoxometalates (POM) using a coordination cage. The image on the cover depicts a floating glass bottle, symbolizing innovation and sustainability. The authors, Cui-Lian Liu, Tatjana N. Parac-Vogt, and others, demonstrate the transformative potential of this approach in synthesizing complex molecules and promoting green and sustainable catalysis. [Extracted from the article]

The article titled "Rücktitelbild: Cavity-Directed Synthesis of Labile Polyoxometalates for Catalysis in Confined Spaces" presents a novel approach called the "ship-in-a-bottle" method for synthesizing unstable polyoxometalates (POM) using a coordination cage. The image accompanying the article depicts a floating glass bottle, symbolizing innovation and sustainability. The authors, Cui-Lian Liu, Tatjana N. Parac-Vogt, and others, demonstrate the transformative potential of this approach in synthesizing complex molecules and promoting green and sustainable catalysis. [Extracted from the article]

Non‐covalent interactions are important for directing protein folding across multiple intermediates and can even provide access to multiple stable structures with different properties and functions. Herein, we describe an approach for mimicking this behavior in the self‐assembly of metal–organic cages. Two ligands, the bend angles of which are controlled by non‐covalent interactions and one ligand lacking the above‐mentioned interactions, were synthesized and used for self‐assembly with Pd2+. As these weak interactions are easily broken, the bend angles have a controlled flexibility giving access to M2(L1)4, M6(L2)12, and M12(L2)24 cages. By controlling the self‐assembly conditions this process can be directed in a stepwise fashion. Additionally, the multiple endohedral hydrogen‐bonding sites on the ligand were found to play a role in the binding and discrimination of neutral guests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A semiconducting organic‐inorganic hybrid compound [(C6H15ClNO)2CdBr4] (1), which displays excellent switchable dielectric, has been successfully synthesized. Systematic characterizations including variable‐temperature structural analyses, DSC, TG, variable‐temperature dielectric measurements, solid‐state UV/Vis diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence were performed. DSC curve shows a couple of reversible heat anomaly peaks at 363/322 K on the heating/cooling process with a very large thermal hysteresis of ∼41 K, indicating the first‐order type of phase transition. Obvious dielectric switching occurs at about 364 K and 314 K also with a large thermal hysteresis of ∼50 K in the heating and cooling process, respectively. The large phase transition thermal hysteresis makes 1 a potential latent heat based thermal energy storage materials which can maintain the system over a wide temperature range. Variable‐temperature structural analyses show that the rotating or orientating movement of anion clusters is the mainly attribution for the phase transition of 1. A semiconducting organic‐inorganic hybrid metal halide [(C6H15ClNO)2CdBr4] exhibits switchable dielectric and a large phase transition thermal hysteresis of ∼50 K due to temperature‐triggered rotating or orientating movement of anion clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A layered structure of grain-oriented flexible composite film is designed and prepared by incorporating polar and switchable dielectric single-protonated 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane perrhenate (DabcoHReO4) into β-phase dominated PVDF matrix. Utilizing the induced orientation effect at the interface between β-phase PVDF and polar guest, DabcoHReO4 could be orientedly arranged in composite film. Our study found that β-phase dominated PVDF composite film with 40% of salt content could exhibit larger dielectric change between high and low dielectric states than that of pure DabcoHReO4 at phase transition temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report here the first example of concentration-triggered helicate-to-tetrahedron transformation in supramolecular lanthanide edifices, along with their highly efficient and selective luminescence sensing properties toward PA at the ppb level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Borondipyrromethene (Bodipy) dyes with strong solid-state photoluminescence are highly desirable for their applications in OLEDs. In this work, a series of meso-(4-R–C6H4)-substituted Bodipy dyes (R = H for B1; R = (OCH2CH2)nOCH2CH3, n = 0–3 for B2–B5, respectively) were prepared through an acid-catalyzed reaction. The flexible ether groups attached to the periphery of B2–B5 are expected to influence the molecular arrangement and intermolecular interactions in solid state. Crystallographic analysis of B1–B4 reveals that the meso-phenyl ring is almost orthogonal to the indacene plane. Intermolecular π–π interactions are observed in B1 but absent in B2–B4. As a consequence, the dye B1 is weakly emissive in solid state, while B2–B4 emit strongly in the red region with emission quantum yields of up to 0.33. The PMMA films doped with B2 show two separated emission peaks, and their relative intensity is concentration dependent, leading to the fluorescence color varying from greenish yellow to red as the concentrations successively increased from 5 to 80 wt%. The formation of dimers in the ground state is found to be responsible for the red emission in the condensed state. Efficient OLEDs were fabricated by doping 2 wt% B2–B4 as emitters and gave high luminance, current efficiency, and external quantum efficiency of up to 920 cd m−2, 8.00 cd A−1, and 2.15%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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R. J. Sternberg have been engaged in the field of intelligence research for years, and has put forward the theories of triarchic intelligence and successful intelligence, which have exerted significant influences in the contemporary field of intelligence studies. The triarchic theory of intelligence surpasses the traditional IQ theory in that it not only deepens our understanding of the nature of intelligence but also makes it easier to guarantee the validity and fairness for the tests. The theory of successful intelligence is success-oriented, i. e. regarding success as the criterion for intelligence test; it emphasizes the probability of training and development of intelligence, and enhances the possibility of predicting the people's future success according to their intelligence. Therefore, it makes a complete transcendence over the traditional IQ theories in that it gives a better description for the actual structure of intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although anti-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 33 antibodies have been reported to be present in various connective tissue diseases (CTDs), the clinical significance of anti-RA33 in CTDs is still obscure. This study was performed to explore the clinical significance of anti-RA33 in CTDs, especially systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A total of 565 patients with positive anti-nuclear antibodies who had been tested for anti-RA33 were included in this study and were further classified into RA33-positive and RA33-negative groups. The association between anti-RA33 and the clinical features of CTDs was examined. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to explore the diagnostic value of anti-RA33 in SLE and SLE-related organ involvement. The results showed that SLE was the most common disease in CTD patients positive for anti-RA33 (48.8%). Compared with the RA33-negative group, higher proportions of SLE-associated antibodies and SLE patients with a high disease activity as well as lower levels of serum complement components were observed in the RA33-positive group (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, CTD patients with positive anti-RA33 were more likely to suffer from mucocutaneous and hematological involvement as well as interstitial lung disease (all p < 0.05). ROC analysis revealed an area under the curve value of 0.634 (95% confidence interval: 0.587-0.681) for anti-RA33 in the diagnosis of SLE, with a specificity and sensitivity of 92.9% and 13.5%, respectively. Taken together, this study reveals a significant association between anti-RA33 and the clinical features of CTDs, especially SLE, indicating a potential clinical significance of anti-RA33 in the management of SLE.

Non-covalent interactions are important for directing protein folding across multiple intermediates and can even provide access to multiple stable structures with different properties and functions. Herein, we describe an approach for mimicking this behavior in the self-assembly of metal-organic cages. Two ligands, the bend angles of which are controlled by non-covalent interactions and one ligand lacking the above-mentioned interactions, were synthesized and used for self-assembly with Pd 2+ . As these weak interactions are easily broken, the bend angles have a controlled flexibility giving access to M 2 (L1) 4 , M 6 (L2) 12 , and M 12 (L2) 24 cages. By controlling the self-assembly conditions this process can be directed in a stepwise fashion. Additionally, the multiple endohedral hydrogen-bonding sites on the ligand were found to play a role in the binding and discrimination of neutral guests., (© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Luminescent supramolecular lanthanide edifices have many potential applications in biology, environments, and materials science. However, it is still a big challenge to improve the luminescent performance of multinuclear lanthanide assemblies in contrast to their mononuclear counterparts. Herein, we demonstrate that combination of intraligand charge transfer (ILCT) sensitization and coordination-driven self-assembly gives birth to bright Eu III tetrahedral cages with a record emission quantum yield of 23.1%. The ILCT sensitization mechanism has been unambiguously confirmed by both time-dependent density functional theory calculation and femtosecond transient absorption studies. Meanwhile, dual-responsive sensing toward both anions and cations has been demonstrated making use of the ILCT transition on the ligand. Without introduction of additional recognition units, high sensitivity and selectivity are revealed for the cage in both turn-off luminescent sensing toward I - and turn-on sensing toward Cu 2+ . This study offers important design principles for the future development of luminescent lanthanide molecular materials.

We report here the first example of concentration-triggered helicate-to-tetrahedron transformation in supramolecular lanthanide edifices, along with their highly efficient and selective luminescence sensing properties toward PA at the ppb level.