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Background: Whole body computed tomography in trauma (WBCTT) is a standardized CT examination of trauma patients. It has a relatively high radiation dose. Therefore, well-defined clinical indications and imaging protocols are needed. This information regarding Nordic countries is limited. Purpose: To identify Nordic countries' WBCTT imaging protocols, radiation dose, and integration in trauma care, and to inquire about the need for common Nordic guidelines. Material and Methods: A survey with 23 multiple choice questions or free text responses was sent to 95 hospitals and 10 trauma centers in and outside the Nordic region, respectively. The questions were defined and the hospitals selected in collaboration with board members of "Nordic Forum for Trauma and Emergency Radiology" (www.nordictraumarad.com). Results: Two Nordic hospitals declined to take part in the survey. Out of the remaining 93 Nordic hospitals, 56 completed the questionnaire. Arterial visualization is routine in major trauma centers but only in 50% of the Nordic hospitals. The CT scanner is located within 50 m of the emergency department in all non-Nordic trauma centers but only in 60% of Nordic hospitals. Radiation dose for WBCTT is in the range of 900-3600 mGy × cm. Of the 56 responding Nordic hospitals, 84% have official guidelines for WBCTT. Eighty-nine percent of the responders state there is a need for common guidelines. Conclusion: Scanning protocols, radiation doses, and routines differ significantly between hospitals and trauma centers. Guideline for WBCTT is presently defined locally in most Nordic hospitals. There is an interest in most Nordic hospitals to endorse new and common guidelines for WBCTT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acts scales, the most common way of measuring partner violence, have been criticized for being too simplistic to capture the complexities of partner violence. An alternative measurement approach is to use typologies that consider various aspects of context. In this study, the authors identified typologies of dating violence perpetration by adolescents. They conducted in-depth interviews with 116 girls and boys previously identified by an acts scale as perpetrators of dating violence. They provided narrative descriptions of their dating violence acts. For boys and girls, many acts considered violent by the acts scale were subsequently recanted or described as nonviolent. From the narratives, they identified four types of female perpetration that were distinguished by motives, precipitating events, and the abuse history of the partners. One type of perpetration accounted for most acts by boys. The findings are discussed relative to dating violence measurement, prevention and treatment, and development of theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Differential scattering experiments have been performed for the systems e-Ar, Kr, Xe in the energy range E=0.05 − 2 eV and the angular range ϑ=20-100° using a crossed-beam arrangement. The measurements cover the region of the Ramsauer-Townsend minimum (for the first time in differential scattering using modern techniques) and show the drastic variation of the cross section over this energy range. For these experiments, a new electron spectrometer has been developed which is especially designed to allow measurements at very low collision energies under well controlled conditions. In the present work, the measurements could be extended down to 50 meV. The energy resolution was Δ E = 10 meV (FWHM). Absolute cross sections and the correct transmission properties of the systems are determined using e-He scattering as a reference system. The experimental data are analysed by the MERT method which allows to extrapolate the cross sections to zero energy. On the basis of the MERT parameters, detailed comparison is made with other work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]