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17. Comparing Holistic and Analytic Marking Methods in Assessing Speech Act Production in L2 Chinese

Author

Li, Shuai, Wen, Ting, Li, Xian, Feng, Yali, and Lin, Chuan

Abstract

This study compared holistic and analytic marking methods for their effects on parameter estimation (of examinees, raters, and items) and rater cognition in assessing speech act production in L2 Chinese. Seventy American learners of Chinese completed an oral Discourse Completion Test assessing requests and refusals. Four first-language (L1) Chinese raters evaluated the examinees' oral productions using two four-point rating scales. The holistic scale simultaneously included the following five dimensions: communicative function, prosody, fluency, appropriateness, and grammaticality; the analytic scale included sub-scales to examine each of the five dimensions. The raters scored the dataset twice with the two marking methods, respectively, and with counterbalanced order. They also verbalized their scoring rationale after performing each rating. Results revealed that both marking methods led to high reliability and produced scores with high correlation; however, analytic marking possessed better assessment quality in terms of higher reliability and measurement precision, higher percentages of Rasch model fit for examinees and items, and more balanced reference to rating criteria among raters during the scoring process.

Published
2023
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19. Lower class competence stereotypes of the upper class increase class conflict: mediation by intergroup envy and moderation by upward social mobility belief

Author

Jia-Ling Liu, Lei Yan, Yan-Hong Zhang, Jin-Hua Gan, and Lin-Chuan Yang

Subjects
competence stereotypes, class conflict, intergroup envy, upward social mobility belief, social identity theory, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

BackgroundWith increasing gaps between the rich and poor, potential risk factors for class conflict have attracted increasing attention from researchers. Although cognitive factors are known to be significant predictors of class-conflict behavior, limited attention has been paid to competence stereotypes of the upper class. When considering economic inequality, people pay more attention to competence stereotypes of the upper class, which may have adverse effects. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between competence stereotypes held by the lower class about the upper class and class conflict, and to test the mediating role of intergroup envy in this relationship and the moderating role of upward social mobility belief.MethodsData were collected from a convenience sample from a comprehensive university in China. Based on scores on subjective and objective class scales, 284 lower-class college students (103 males and 181 females) aged 18–24 were selected to participate (both their subjective and objective scores were lower than 3 points). Their endorsement of upper-class competence stereotypes, intergroup envy, upward social mobility beliefs, and class conflict were measured using a well-validated self-report questionnaire.ResultsThe main data were analyzed using correlation analysis, the SPSS macro PROCESS (Model 7), and simple slope analysis. The results show a significant positive correlation between competence stereotypes held by lower-class college students toward the higher class and class conflict, and this connection was mediated by intergroup envy. Moreover, the indirect effect of intergroup envy on this link was moderated by upward social mobility beliefs; this effect was stronger for college students with lower upward social mobility beliefs.ConclusionThis study broadens our understanding of how and when competence stereotypes among the lower class concerning the upper class are related to class conflict. Researchers and policymakers should pay special attention to competence stereotypes of the upper class, especially intergroup envy and class conflict among lower-class individuals with lower levels of upward social mobility beliefs.

Published
2024
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22. Maralixibat in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (MARCH-PFIC): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

Author

Miethke, Alexander G, Moukarzel, Adib, Porta, Gilda, Covarrubias Esquer, Joshue, Czubkowski, Piotr, Ordonez, Felipe, Mosca, Antonella, Aqul, Amal A, Squires, Robert H, Sokal, Etienne, D'Agostino, Daniel, Baumann, Ulrich, D'Antiga, Lorenzo, Kasi, Nagraj, Laborde, Nolwenn, Arikan, Cigdem, Lin, Chuan-Hao, Gilmour, Susan, Mittal, Naveen, Chiou, Fang Kuan, Horslen, Simon P, Huber, Wolf-Dietrich, Jaecklin, Thomas, Nunes, Tiago, Lascau, Anamaria, Longpre, Lara, Mogul, Douglas B, Garner, Will, Vig, Pamela, Hupertz, Vera F, Gonzalez-Peralta, Regino P, Ekong, Udeme, Hartley, Jane, Laverdure, Noemie, Ovchinsky, Nadia, and Thompson, Richard J

Published
2024
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