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Current surface hybridization assays usually require samples to be amplified with PCR, in vitro transcription, or whole genome amplification. However, enzymatic amplification increases complexity and costs of assays and, more concerning, can substantially bias sample composition. Amplification-free methods could bypass these drawbacks by using highly sensitive detection, GRIN Lens Confined Total Internal Reflection Fluorescent (GL-TIRF) microscopy is most promising strategy to boost analyte concentration with dramatically reducing the sampling volume and accomplish significant signals without an amplification step. In our past report, melting experiment demonstrated that the microscope was able to image and allow for the analysis of DNA hybridization on a microarray with the sample volume decreased from >100 μL to 20 nL in the detectable concentration = 0.1 µM. In this article, GI-POF was replaced for GL due to the brittleness and inflexibility of glass. GI-POF was able to provide quick contact, dynamic displacement of the lens, and the low-loss fluorescent imaging even in melting process. The melting curves in 25 – 50°C of 20-mers DNAs with Cy5-labeled was performed, and the results are compared with GL-TIRF for further discussion in the aspect of imaging quality. These systems were demonstrated to resolve images on a cellular level and can also monitor in-situ fast dynamic processes such as cell trafficking in blood streams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demand for high speed data communications (> 1Gbps) and low latency (milliseconds scale or lower) has been on the rise [1,2,3,4,5]. The chief driving forces behind the demand for high speeds & low latency are applications of 8K video, 5G/6G, smart technologies and COVID19 pandemic-induced demands. For the emerging smart medical applications, especially the ones that are in metaverse, super high data speed with low latency is a must. All-optical network (AON) is one way to meet the demand. Perfluorinated graded-index polymer optical fiber (Gi-POF) is among the best media choices offering high data speeds. Gi-POF, complementing glass optical fiber (GOF) with its better bendability, can form all optical networks with optical/optical (O/O) connections. Due to reduced usage of E/O conversions, the latency of all optical networks will potentially be reduced, too. In this paper we will examine the functions of GI-POF O/O GOF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perfluorinated graded-index polymer optical fiber (GI-POF) has been solving the bottleneck problems presented by other optical fibers, with GI-POF’s better bendability, anti-vibration capabilities. Giga-speed networks of in-vehicle (automotives, trains, ships, aircrafts, smart-forklifts, etc) scenarios are becoming reality. The incumbent systems in automotives still use networks of 150 Mbps or lower. These network systems only meet the needs of lighting control, seat/door control, engine system management, ABS, turning-controls and L1-L3 levels of autopiloting; but not enough for L4-L5 autopiloting data inter/exchanges, super high-speed internet via wireless connections, etc. This paper will explore modifications on the existing LIN, CAN, CANFD, FLEXRAY, MOST/1394 standards/protocols; utilizing Gi-POF as mainbus to realize data-gathering, transmitting, controlling, 5G/internet-in and all-optical networking for in-vehicle date transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demand for super high speed data communications (> 1Gbps) and low latency (milliseconds scale or lower) has been on the rise. The chief driving forces behind the demand for super high speeds & low latency are applications of 8K video, 5G/6G, smart technologies and COVID19 pandemic-induced demands. In high-level autopiloting for automotives, high-speed rail trains, drones and other similar settings, it is essential to have lightweight, robust, no-interference and especially vital to have fast-acting, low-latency and high bandwidth in data communications and controls capabilities. In this paper, functions of perfluorinated graded-index polymer optical fiber (Gi-POF) as in-vehicle LAN communication and sensor-GPU linkages, step-index plastic optical fiber (SI-POF) as controls and glass optical fiber (GOF) as communication backbones are examined and compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]