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In this study, we studied the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of Carpesium longifolium F. H. Chen & C. M. Hu 1974. The results indicated that the cp genome had a typical circular structure of 151,260 bp in length. A total of 127 genes were identified, including 36 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes and 83 protein-coding genes, with the GC content of 37.7%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the systematic position of C. longifolium is sister to C. cernuum and C. faberi. For the identification and phylogenetics study of the genus, the chloroplast genome sequence of C. longifolium provides a useful genetic resource.

ObjectiveMetal implants play a vital role in orthopedic treatment and are widely used in fracture repair, joint replacement and spinal surgery. Although these implants often contain key elements such as chromium (Cr), their potential health effects, particularly their association with stroke risk, have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the association between metallic implants and stroke.MethodsUsing data from the 2015 to 2023 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 12,337 US adults, in which 3,699 participants reported having metal implants and 8,638 without. Implant-like.ResultsThrough logistic regression analysis, we revealed a significant positive association between metallic implants and stroke risk (adjusted OR = 1.458, 95%CI (1.130, 1.881), p = 0.004). Further stratified analysis found that this positive association was more significant among older and less physically active participants.ConclusionFindings suggest that metallic implants may be associated with an increased risk of stroke, but given the inherent limitations of cross-sectional studies, this study cannot establish causality.

The species of Carpesium lipskyi C.Winkl. 1998 is an important traditional Chinese medicine in China. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of C. lipskyi was determined and analyzed. The result showed that the complete cp genome of C. lipskyi was 151,244 bp in length, consisting of a large single-copy (LSC) region of 82,908 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,430 bp, and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 24,953 bp. The overall GC content of the C. lipskyi is 37.68%. The species of C. lipskyi possessed 127 genes, including 83 protein-coding genes, 36 transfer RNA genes, and eight ribosomal RNA genes. The present study found that Inula is sister groups with the closest genetic relationship. The obtained knowledge could provide useful information for future phylogenetic, taxonomic, and evolutionary studies on Inuleae.

Abstract Longwave radiation is an important open-air environmental factor that can significantly affect the temperature of concrete, but it has often been ignored in the temperature analysis of open-air concrete structures. In this article, an improved analytical model of concrete temperature was proposed by considering solar radiation, thermal convection, thermal conduction and especially longwave radiation. Temperature monitoring of an open-air concrete block was carried out to verify the proposed model and analyze the heat energy characteristics of open-air concrete. As demonstrated by the open-air experiment, under the influence of longwave radiation, the temperature at the top of the concrete block could decrease rapidly at night and even become lower than the minimum temperature at its bottom. Compared with the analytical model that ignores longwave radiation, the improved model that includes it better matches the measured temperature. According to the energy analysis, although solar radiation controls the transient variation in heat energy, the heat exchange caused by longwave radiation were more than that caused by convection on sunlit surfaces, which indicates the importance of considering longwave radiation.

BackgroundMembranous glomerulonephritis, also known as membranous nephropathy (MN), is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. Despite extensive research on MN, bibliometric studies on the subject are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a visual analysis of global trends in membranous nephropathy research over the past 13 years.MethodsThis study conducted a bibliometric and visual analysis of global trends in MN research from 2010 to 2023. Articles related to MN were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Tools such as CiteSpace and VOSviewer were utilized to analyze publications, countries, institutions, authors, publishing journals, co-cited references, and keywords to identify the current state and future trends in MN research.ResultsThe analysis encompassed 1,624 publications, showing an annual increase from 2010 to 2023. The People’s Republic of China emerged as the most active country in this field, while France’s Sorbonne Universite and Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm) led in publication volume among academic institutions. Debiec Hanna stood out as the most prolific author. BMC Nephrology had the highest number of publications, making it the most favored journal in the field. The article with the greatest co-citation intensity was “Primary Membranous Nephropathy,” a review published in 2017.ConclusionThis study shows that there has been increasing interest in membranous nephropathy over the past 13 years. The most frequently encountered keywords were “membranous nephropathy” “nephrotic syndrome,” and “glomerulonephritis.” Analysis of emerging terms indicated that “a2 receptor antibody,” “domain containing 7a,” and “t cell” may remain prominent subjects of research in the forthcoming years. The findings highlight key research trends and areas of interest that can inform researchers, clinicians, and policymakers about the current state of MN research and help guide future research directions and clinical practice.

Abstract Background Metformin is an insulin sensitizer that is widely used for the treatment of insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome patients. However, metformin can cause gastrointestinal side effects. Purpose This study showed that the effects of quercetin are comparable to those of metformin. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy of quercetin in treating PCOS. Methods The present systematic search of the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Information Site, Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP), SinoMed, Web of Science, and PubMed databases was performed from inception until February 2024. The methodological quality was then assessed by SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool, and the data were analyzed by RevMan 5.3 software. Results Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with those in the model group, quercetin in the PCOS group had significant effects on reducing fasting insulin serum (FIS) levels (P = 0.0004), fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels (P = 0.01), HOMA-IR levels (P

ObjectivePrevious epidemiological studies have indicated an increased risk of neurovascular diseases in patients following total hip and knee replacements. However, definitive conclusions regarding the increased risk of stroke post-replacement remain elusive. Therefore, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization study to investigate the causal relationship between total hip and knee replacements and stroke.MethodsWe utilized summary data from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Data concerning total hip replacements (THR, N = 319,037) and total knee replacements (TKR, N = 252,041) were sourced from the Genetics of Osteoarthritis (GO) Consortium. Stroke-related data were obtained from the International Stroke Genetics Consortium, encompassing any stroke (AS), any ischemic stroke (AIS), large vessel ischemic stroke (LV-IS), cardioembolic ischemic stroke (CE-IS), and small vessel ischemic stroke (SV-IS). Our primary causal inference method was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach, supplemented by weighted median and MR-Egger regression as secondary inference methods. We utilized the MR-PRESSO global test for outlier detection, Cochran’s Q statistic to assess heterogeneity, and assessed the multiplicity and stability of our findings using p-values from MR-PRESSO and MR-Egger regressions, and the leave-one-out method, respectively.ResultsWe identified significant genetic associations between THR and both AS (IVW p = 0.0001, OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.04–1.12) and AIS (IVW p = 0.0016, OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.03–1.12). Significant associations were also observed between TKR and AS (IVW p = 0.0002, OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.04–1.12), as well as AIS (IVW p = 0.0005, OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.06–1.24).ConclusionOur findings genetically support an increased risk of stroke following total hip and knee replacements. However, further studies are necessary to elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying stroke episodes post-replacement.

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic efficacy of the clinical ultrasound imaging model, ultrasonographic radiomics model, and comprehensive model based on ultrasonographic radiomics for the differentiation of small clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) and Renal Angiomyolipoma (RAML).MethodsThe clinical, ultrasound, and contrast-enhanced CT(CECT) imaging data of 302 small renal tumors (maximum diameter ≤ 4cm) patients in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from June 2018 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, with 182 patients of ccRCC and 120 patients of RAML. The ultrasound images of the largest diameter of renal tumors were manually segmented by ITK-SNAP software, and Pyradiomics (v3.0.1) module in Python 3.8.7 was applied to extract ultrasonographic radiomics features from ROI segmented images. The patients were randomly divided into training and internal validation cohorts in the ratio of 7:3. The Random Forest algorithm of the Sklearn module was applied to construct the clinical ultrasound imaging model, ultrasonographic radiomics model, and comprehensive model. The efficacy of the prediction models was verified in an independent external validation cohort consisting of 69 patients, from 230 small renal tumor patients in two different institutions. The Delong test compared the predictive ability of three models and CECT. Calibration Curve and clinical Decision Curve Analysis were applied to evaluate the model and determine the net benefit to patients.Results491 ultrasonographic radiomics features were extracted from 302 small renal tumor patients, and 9 ultrasonographic radiomics features were finally retained for modeling after regression and dimensionality reduction. In the internal validation cohort, the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the clinical ultrasound imaging model, ultrasonographic radiomics model, comprehensive model, and CECT were 0.75, 76.7%, 60.0%, 70.0%; 0.80, 85.6%, 61.7%, 76.0%; 0.88, 90.6%, 76.7%, 85.0% and 0.90, 92.6%, 88.9%, 91.1%, respectively. In the external validation cohort, AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the three models and CECT were 0.73, 67.5%, 69.1%, 68.3%; 0.89, 86.7%, 80.0%, 83.5%; 0.90, 85.0%, 85.5%, 85.2% and 0.91, 94.6%, 88.3%, 91.3%, respectively. The DeLong test showed no significant difference between the clinical ultrasound imaging model and the ultrasonographic radiomics model (Z=-1.287, P=0.198). The comprehensive model showed superior diagnostic performance than the ultrasonographic radiomics model (Z=4. 394, P

The genus Ainsliaea DC. is one of the major groups within the tribe Pertyeae (Asteraceae). It comprises several important Chinese medicinal species. However, the phylogenetic position has undergone a long process of exploration. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequences data has not been employed in species identification and phylogeny of Ainsliaea. In this study, the complete cp genomes of two Ainsliaea species (A. gracilis and A. henryi) were reported, followed by structural, comparative, and phylogenetic analyses within the tribe Peryteae. Both cp genomes displayed a typical quadripartite circular structure, with the LSC and SSC regions separated by the IR regions. The genomes were 152,959 (A. gracilis) and 152,805 (A. henryi) base pairs (bp) long, with a GC content of 37.6%. They were highly conserved, containing 134 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 2 pseudogenes (rps19 and ycf1). Moreover, thirteen highly polymorphic regions (e.g., trnK-UUU, trnG-UCC, trnT-GGU, accD-psaI, and rpl22-rps19) were identified, indicating their potential as DNA barcodes. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed the placement of Ainsliaea in the tribe Pertyeae, revealing close relationships with the genera Myripnois and Pertya. In comparison with Ainsliaea, Myripnois was more closely related to Pertya. This study lays a theoretical foundation for future research on species identification, population genetics, resource conservation, and sustainable utilization within Ainsliaea and Pertyeae.

In seismic nuclear monitoring, attenuation models are important prerequisites for reliably estimating the explosive yield in an uncalibrated region without the occurrence of standard events. The seismic moment obtained by fitting source spectra is related to the source energy. This approach is appropriate for estimating yield, as the attenuation effects on the propagation path can be accurately considered. In this study, we collected 2022 vertical component waveforms in and around the Korean Peninsula from May 2010 to May 2022 to construct a high-resolution broadband Lg-wave attenuation model and inverted the Lg-wave source excitation spectra of the nuclear explosion simultaneously with attenuation correction. We obtained the scalar seismic moments by fitting the theoretical source spectra based on the Brune (J. Geophys. Res., 1970, 75, 4997–5009) model. Under the given emplacement conditions and burial depths, the seismic moments can be used to estimate yields of the North Korean nuclear tests, which are 4.6, 8.5, 19.9, 20.9, 24.7, and 337.4 kt for six nuclear explosions that occurred between 2006 and 2017. Our results are consistent with those obtained from previous teleseismic observations.

In recent years, stem cells and their secretomes, notably exosomes, have received considerable attention in biomedical applications. Exosomes are cellular secretomes used for intercellular communication. They perform the function of intercellular messengers by facilitating the transport of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and therapeutic substances. Their biocompatibility, minimal immunogenicity, targetability, stability, and engineerable characteristics have additionally led to their application as drug delivery vehicles. The therapeutic efficacy of exosomes can be improved through surface modification employing functional molecules, including aptamers, antibodies, and peptides. Given their potential as targeted delivery vehicles to enhance the efficiency of treatment while minimizing adverse effects, exosomes exhibit considerable promise. Stem cells are considered advantageous sources of exosomes due to their distinctive characteristics, including regenerative and self-renewal capabilities, which make them well-suited for transplantation into injured tissues, hence promoting tissue regeneration. However, there are notable obstacles that need to be addressed, including immune rejection and ethical problems. Exosomes produced from stem cells have been thoroughly studied as a cell-free strategy that avoids many of the difficulties involved with cell-based therapy for tissue regeneration and cancer treatment. This review provides an in-depth summary and analysis of the existing knowledge regarding exosomes, including their engineering and cardiovascular disease (CVD) treatment applications.

Abstract Although many studies have examined social inequalities related to urban parks, there is limited knowledge about the social inequalities of urban park use during crises. By integrating a large amount of mobile phone data and e-commerce user data, this study tracked 81,350 anonymized individuals’ urban park use behavior in Shenzhen, China, from 2019 to 2021, covering a period before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results reveal that while most of the parks saw a reduction of over 50% in the number of visitors, some parks, especially relatively small and remote parks, had more visitors after the pandemic began than before. In addition, COVID-19 has caused residents’ urban parks use time to decrease and such impacts are more severe in vulnerable groups (e.g., females, the elderly, juveniles, and low-income groups). Moreover, there are significant inequalities in urban park use between rich and poor communities, and COVID-19 has slightly exacerbated these inequalities. The study highlighted that integrating mobile phone data with e-commerce data is an effective way to unveil the complex social inequalities behind human behavior. Findings could help to improve social equality in urban park use as well as providing insights for evidence-informed decision-making in post-pandemic recovery and future crises.

To explore the influence of the excitation current in the rotor magnetic shunt hybrid excitation synchronous motor (HESM) on the vibration and noise of the motor, the finite element analysis of the hybrid excitation motor was carried out by using ANSYS Workbench software and noise sources for analysis. Firstly, air-gap flux density at different excitation currents and density vector diagrams are studied. Secondly, radial electromagnetic force’s order and frequency characteristics under different excitation currents are discussed. Finally, the modal analysis of the stator of the motor is carried out. The motor’s vibration response and noise variation under different excitation current conditions are summarized. The simulation analysis and experimental verify that the motor’s vibration response and noise increase obviously when the excitation current is significant, and the vibration acceleration of different orders increases.

In order to research vibration and noise of TMPS-HESM. The Magnetic pole eccentricity TMPS-HESM is established. The order and frequency characteristics of radial electromagnetic force are discussed The vibration and noise coupling model is built by ANSYS Workbench simulation platform. The vibration response and noise variation are discussed. The results show that magnetic pole eccentricity can effectively reduce air gap flux density harmonic content, and third harmonic is significantly decreased. The excitation current will significantly affect the harmonic (8,2f1), (16,4f1), (0,12f1) components of radial electromagnetic force of magnetic pole eccentricity TMPS-HESM. Although the (0,12f1) component is not the same order of magnitude as other components, it will still worsen the vibration noise of the motor.

Background: Regularly and scientifically participating in athletics is beneficial for physical and mental health. Mood or emotions are important component of psychology and a major indicator of physical and mental health. Positive and negative mood or emotions can have a strong impact on physical responsiveness. The aim of the present study was to explore whether mood or emotional state influence performance in athletics. Methods: Mood, analyzed by Profile of Mood States, and emotional state, reflected by eye movement (looking at times and length), were used to predict track or field performance in training and competition. Results: 1. The profile of track training (except 3rd week) resembled an iceberg profile (highest vigor scores) and the profile on the 3rd week resembled a “melting” iceberg profile, in which positive mood (vigor and self-esteem) was decreased and negative mood, particularly depression and anger, was significantly increased. The profile of field training almost overlapped, with the exception of depression decreasing markedly on the 3rd and 4th weeks. 2. Positive mood overpowered negative mood, particularly following a track competition; positive emotions exceed negative emotions following track and field competition. 3. The results of the regression analysis showed that an improvement in track performance was negatively correlated with a rise in total mood disturbance (TMD), and field performances were positively correlated with positivity of emotion, as tested by eye movement. 4. Good performance in track events appeared to be associated with decreased vigor and increased fatigue during 3rd and 4th track training; decreased depression and fatigue, and increased vigor as well as low observe length of watching negative emotional pictures (NEPs) before track competition. A good performance in field events appeared to be associated with anger decrease and confusion increase, increased fixation counts of watching positive emotional pictures (PEPs), and decreased fixation and observe counts of watching NEPs before field competition. Conclusions: The present study proved that different indicators appeared to measure different sport performances: More indicators of Profile of Mood States inclined to predict track performance, while more eye movement indicators could predict field performance. Mixed methods could provide a better understanding of performance than a single approach alone. These findings provided theoretical support and supplementary data for practical applications in the design of comprehensive training programs.

The progress of IT technology such as social network and mobile payment and the change of social economic environment promote the emergence of sharing economy. As a subversive business model, the sharing economy is growing at an alarming rate all over the world. However, the influencing factors of consumers' continuous participation in the sharing economy are not clear. The paper aims to clarify the relationship between consumer perceived value and repeat purchase intention in the sharing economy. Taking the sharing economy platform (Airbnb) as an example, it proposes a dimension framework of consumer perceived value in peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation rental service, including functional value, hedonic value, epistemic value and social relationship value. This paper used big data technology to crawl online reviews of P2P accommodation platform. LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) topic model and sentiment analytics method were applied to construct the measurement indicators of perceived value based on online reviews. And repeat purchase intention variables were extracted from online reviews. Then structural equation model was used to examine the effect of perceived value dimensions on it. The paper identified that perceived value has a positive impact on consumers' repurchase intention in P2P accommodation. Also, social relationship value was considered as the most important influencing factor.

Traditional Static Random-Access Memory (SRAM) yield estimation through Monte Carlo analysis is an extremely time-consuming process since it runs millions of expensive transistor-level simulations to get the yield results with the specified precision, especially for the large-scale circuits. In this paper, we develop an efficient yield analysis framework by integrating our novel performance metamodel into a state-of-art importance sampling method. The performance meta-model, named Spline-High Dimensional Model Representation (SP-HDMR), is used to substitute the expensive transistor-level simulations in yield estimation. The proposed SP-HDMR model provides a high computationally efficient formula expansion. It uses spline functions as the kernels to describe the various relations between the process parameters and SRAM read access delay. And an adaptive sampling method with sparsity analysis is developed to support SP-HDMR modeling. The experiments on the 40nm SRAM circuits validate the accuracy and the efficiency of the proposed yield analysis framework based on our SP-HDMR model with 1.3X $\sim 5\text{X}$ speedup over the other state-of-art methods within 9% relative error.

The flexible strain sensor’s measuring range is usually over 5000 με, while the conventional variable section cantilever calibration model has a measuring range within 1000 με. In order to satisfy the calibration requirements of flexible strain sensors, a new measurement model was proposed to solve the inaccurate calculation problem of the theoretical strain value when the linear model of a variable section cantilever beam was applied to a large range. The nonlinear relationship between deflection and strain was established. The finite element analysis of a variable section cantilever beam with ANSYS shows that the linear model’s relative deviation is as high as 6% at 5000 με, while the relative deviation of the nonlinear model is only 0.2%. The relative expansion uncertainty of the flexible resistance strain sensor is 0.365% (k = 2). Simulation and experimental results show that this method solves the imprecision of the theoretical model effectively and realizes the accurate calibration of a large range of strain sensors. The research results enrich the measurement models and calibration models for flexible strain sensors and contribute to the development of strain metering.

Abstract Purpose The present clinical study was conducted to investigate the effect of oxiracetam combined with ginkgo biloba extract in treating patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods Ninety‐eight patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage admitted to our hospital were divided into three groups. The differences of brain edema and cerebral hemorrhage were compared between the three groups after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment, and the recovery of neurological function, serum inflammatory factors, AQP‐4, MMP‐9, cognitive function, activities of daily living, and adverse reactions were compared between the three groups after 2 weeks of treatment. Results There was no significant difference among the three groups before treatment (p > .05). After treatment, the recovery of neurological function, serum inflammatory factors, AQP‐4, MMP‐9 levels, cognitive function, and activities of daily living were improved. Among them, the neurological function recovery, serum inflammatory factors, AQP‐4, MMP‐9 levels, cognitive function, and activities of daily living in the combined treatment group and the control group elicited greater results than those in the routine group. The results of the combined treatment group showed the most significant difference (p

The article introduces NIR-Prompt, a framework for training neural information retrieval (NIR) models. It aims to improve the generalization ability of pre-trained language models (PLMs) in NIR for various tasks such as document retrieval, question answering, and retrieval-based dialogue. It is reported that NIR-Prompt employs the Essential Matching Module (EMM) to capture essential matching signals and the Matching Description Module (MDM) for task adaptation.

Glioma remains difficult to treat because of the infiltrative growth of tumor cells and their resistance to standard therapy. Despite rapid development of targeted drug delivery system, the current therapeutic efficacy is still challenging. Based on our previous studies, macrophages have been proved to be promising drug carrier for active glioma delivery. To make full use of macrophage carrier, primary M1 macrophages were proposed to replace regular macrophage to deliver nanodrugs into glioma, because M1 macrophages not only have the natural ability to home into tumor tissues, but they also have stronger phagocytic capability than other types of macrophage, which can enable them to uptake enough drug-loaded nanoparticles for therapy. In addition, M1 macrophages are not easily affected by harsh tumor microenvironment and inhibit tumor growth themselves. In this study, M1 macrophage-loaded nanoparticles (M1-NPs) were prepared by incubating poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles with primary M1 macrophages. In vitro cell assays demonstrated M1 macrophage still maintained good tumor tropism capability after particle loading, and could efficiently carry particles across endothelial barrier into tumor tissues. In vivo imaging verified that M1-NPs exhibited higher brain tumor distribution than free nanoparticles. DOX@M1-NPs (doxorubicin-loaded M1-NPs) presented significantly enhanced anti-glioma effect with prolonged survival median and increased cell apoptosis. In conclusion, the results provided a new strategy exploiting M1 macrophage as carrier for drug delivery, which improved targeting efficiency and therapeutic efficacy of chemodrugs for glioma therapy.

Cell-mediated drug delivery systems employ specific cells as drug vehicles to deliver drugs to targeted sites. Therapeutics or imaging agents are loaded into these cells and then released in diseased sites. These specific cells mainly include red blood cells, leukocytes, stem cells and so on. The cell acts as a Trojan horse to transfer the drug from circulating blood to the diseased tissue. In such a system, these cells keep their original properties, which allow them to mimic the migration behavior of specific cells to carry drug to the targeted site after in vivo administration. This strategy elegantly combines the advantages of both carriers, i.e. the adjustability of nanoparticles (NPs) and the natural functions of active cells, which therefore provides a new perspective to challenge current obstacles in drug delivery. This review will describe a fundamental understanding of these cell-based drug delivery systems, and discuss the great potential of combinational application of cell carrier and NPs.

In vehicular ad hoc network, wireless jamming attacks are easy to be launched in the control channel and can cause serious influence on the network performance which may cause further safety accidents. In order to address the issue of wireless jamming attacks, a new technique which localizes the jamming attackers and prevents vehicles from jamming through human intervention is proposed. In this article, we propose a range-free approach to localize the source of the attacker and determine the number of jamming attackers. The data set is the locating information and the jamming detection information associated with each vehicle. Then, we formulate the problem of determining the number of attackers as a multiclass detection problem. We define the incorrectly classified area and use it to measure the distance between samples and centroids in fuzzy c-means algorithm. We further determine the number of jamming attackers through the coverage rate of beaconing circles and utilize weight-based fuzzy c-means to classify the data set. When the data set is classified as acceptable, we further explore the means of using particle swarm optimization algorithm to calculate the positional coordinates of each attacker. We simulate our techniques in MATLAB, and both urban traffic area and open area are considered in our simulation. The experimental results suggest that the proposed algorithm can achieve high precision when determining the number of attackers while the result of the classified performance is always satisfying. Our localization results lead to higher accuracy than other existing solutions. Also, when the data set is limited, the chances of taking accurate localization are higher than other measures.

Recreational activities have acquired the favor and interest of college students and are now essential for their physical and mental well-being. Most activities, including leisure activities, share theoretical and practical elements. This research aims to evaluate a conceptual model about the relationship between leisure attitudes, theoretical and practical leisure, and life satisfaction, as well as to investigate the determinants of life satisfaction. Nine hundred ninety-eight students were sampled and questioned using the "Leisure Values Questionnaire," "Leisure Attitude and Expenses Questionnaire," and "life satisfaction Questionnaire." The outcomes of the primary data were evaluated using a quantitative research strategy based on association and aggressive analysis. The results indicated that the more their preference for leisure activities, the greater their life satisfaction. Those who spend more money and time on leisure activities report greater life satisfaction. Practical leisure was more strongly connected with life satisfaction than theoretical leisure. The predictor for the affective component of life satisfaction was theoretical leisure, while practical leisure was positively associated with the experience component. Meanwhile, positive affect and experience were positively associated with life satisfaction. The study emphasizes the significance of developing a positive attitude toward leisure to increase life satisfaction, supports the significance of leisure favor and practical leisure in achieving life satisfaction, and is helpful for detailed theoretical interpretation and policymakers who develop leisure programs to increase public life satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing number of coastal and offshore structures have been built for coastal protection and marine development in recent years, and these marine structures need to be reasonably designed on the basis of wind speed. In this paper, extreme wind speed estimates are studied in detail by using the best-track datasets of northwestern Pacific Ocean tropical cyclones and ERA5 wind field data. The extreme wind speed fits by five distributions are compared using a blended sample of the wind fields from the ERA5 dataset and parametric wind data. The blend of wind fields improved the data accuracy and extreme value estimation reliability. In addition, the effects of the distribution model, data, threshold, and parameter estimation methods on the calculated results are discussed. The results show that the data had the greatest influences on probability prediction, followed by the distribution model and the parameter estimation method, with the threshold presenting the least influence. In this study, the reliability of the estimates was improved and the uncertainty of the results was analyzed, and the findings provide a wind speed design reference for the northern South China Sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind speed is one of the main factors to be considered in the design of offshore structures. However, due to the long period fluctuation of typhoons and climate change, the return levels of the wind speed derived using the samples of different years are considerably different, which can lead to unstable results. To solve this problem, in this study, the extreme wind speed is calculated based on the Bayesian method. In the Bayesian parameter estimation method, the parameters of the distribution are considered as random variables, and thus, the priori information can be fully exploited for parameter estimations. The data utilized in this study are deriveds from the best data set of the northwest Pacific tropical cyclone. A typical point in the South China Sea is selected as the calculation point. The samples are determined are determined using a parametric wind model developed by Cardone. Considering the influence of the difference samples of in different time instants, the samples are divided into early and recent samples, which are used as priori and posteriori information, respectively. The normal distribution is used as the priori distribution, and the estimator of the parameters is the expectation of the posteriori distribution, which is calculated using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm. By comparing the results pertaining to between Bayesian and maximum likelihood method, it can be observed that the former is more stable and reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has been conducted on copper-contained building block. The authors have demonstrated that the thermodynamically controlled crystallization of these blocks carried out from methanol-ethanol mixture solvent produces a combinatorial mixture of crystalline solids.