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Twenty new species of the genus BisetocreagrisĆurčić, 1983 are described from caves in the provinces of Guizhou (B. baiyunensis sp. nov., B. baimensis sp. nov., B. bangenensis sp. nov., B. daxingensis sp. nov., B. diaojiangensis sp. nov., B. dongjiensis sp. nov., B. duolangpingensis sp. nov., B. ganxiaoensis sp. nov., B. guanyinensis sp. nov., B. matuoensis sp. nov., B. sanhensis sp. nov., B. shahensis sp. nov., B. shangshanensis sp. nov. and B. yaolinensis sp. nov.), Yunnan (B. mahnerti sp. nov. and B. tuanjiensis sp. nov.), Sichuan (B. tianyangensis sp. nov.), Chongqing (B. xianduhensis sp. nov.), Hubei (B. changchaoensis sp. nov.) and Guangxi (B. xiniuyanensis sp. nov.). An identification key is provided to all known Chinese cave-inhabiting representatives of the genus Bisetocreagris. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in females worldwide and evidence suggests that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection may be implicated in the progress of breast cancer. HCMV glycoprotein B (gB) is the most abundant envelope protein and serves an important role in host cell entry. The present study aimed to clarify the role of HCMV gB in breast cancer cells. A HCMV gB construct (UL55) was generated and stable vUL55 gene lentivirus-transfected MDA-MB-231 cells were established. Subsequently, the effect of HCMV gB on the apoptosis and proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells was measured by flow cytometry and Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Furthermore, whether HCMV gB may modulate MDA-MB-231 cell migration was examined using Transwell and cell scratch assays. In addition, alterations in HCMV gB-modulated protein levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and Mothers against decapentaplegic homologs 2/3 (Smad2/3) were detected using western blot analysis. The results indicated that UL55 cDNA was stably transfected into MDA-MB-231 cells, and that HCMV gB protein was stably expressed. No significant differences in cell apoptosis and proliferation between transfected (231-GB-OE) and negative control (231-NC) cells were observed, while the rate of cell migration was signifi- cantly decreased in the 231-GB-OE cells compared with the 231-NC cells. Additionally, the expression level of TGF-β and phosphorylation level of Smad2/3 were also decreased in 231-GB-OE cells compared with the 231-NC cells. Although certain previous studies indicated that HCMV infection was associated with breast carcinogenesis, the results of the present study indicate that the envelope protein HCMV gB exhibits no effect on cell apoptosis and proliferation, but inhibits breast cancer cell migration. This may be due to downregulated TGF-β/Smad signaling. Taken together, these studies may assist in developing anti-TGF-β agents that contribute to tumor suppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Two 3d‐4f hetero‐metal pentanuclear complexes with the formula {[CrIII2LnIII3L10(OH)6(H2O)2]Et3NH} [Ln=Tb (1), Dy (2); HL=pivalic acid, Et3N=triethylamine] have been produced. The metal core of each cluster is made up of a trigonal bipyramid with three LnIII ions (plane) and two CrIII ions (above and below) held together by six μ3‐OH bridges. Also reported with this series is the diamagnetic CrIII–YIII analogue (3). Fortunately, we successfully prepared AlIII–LnIII analogues with the formula {[AlIII2LnIII3L10(OH)6(H2O)2]Et3NH⋅H2O} [Ln=Tb (4), Dy (5)], containing diamagnetic AlIII ions, which can be used to evaluate the CrIII–LnIII magnetic nature through a diamagnetic substitution method. Subsequently, static (dc) magnetic susceptibility studies reveal dominant ferromagnetic interactions between CrIII and LnIII ions. Dynamic (ac) magnetic susceptibility studies show frequency‐dependent out‐of‐phase (χ′′) signals for [CrIII2TbIII3] (1), [CrIII2DyIII3] (2), and [AlIII2DyIII3] (5), which are derived from the single‐ion behavior of LnIII ions and/or the CrIII–LnIII ferromagnetic interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four 3d–4f heterometallic complexes with the formula, {[Ln2Co6(OH)4(L1)6(L2)8(CH3CN)2]·nCH2Cl2} (Ln = Dy (1), n = 0.5; Ho (2), n = 1; Gd (3), n = 1; Y (4), n = 1; HL1 = 6-chloro-2-pyridinol, HL2 = pivalic acid), were synthesized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that complexes 1–4 consisted of a [Ln2Co6] core, featuring a Ln–Ln edge-sharing double-trigonal-bipyramid configuration. The magnetic susceptibilities revealed ferromagnetic coupling within complexes 1 and 2, and complex 1 displayed slow relaxation of magnetization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) have attracted attention due to their potential applications in quantum computation and information storage, and many SMMs have been reported in the past two decades. In this review, we summarize the structures and the magnetic exchange interactions of pyridine alcohol-based SMMs to give a possible relationship between structure and magnetic property, providing information to generate new molecule-based magnetic materials. According to the correlated metal centers, these SMMs are separated into three segments to discuss. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Rainwater chemistry was investigated at a semi-rural site in Ya'an, Sichuan basin with rain samples collected from May 2013 to July 2014. The rainwater pH values ranged from 3.25 to 6.86, with an annual volume-weighted mean (VWM) of 4.38, and the acid rain frequency was 74 %. Such severe acidification, 15 % of the total events showed a pH below 4.0, attributed to the deficiency of Ca, significant anthropogenic pollution contribution, and rainy pattern to this area. The annual VWM of total ions concentration was 477.19 μeq/L. NH was the most abundant ionic species, followed by SO, NO, Ca, Cl, Na, K, Mg, and F in a descending order. The total ionic concentrations presented a seasonal trend of lower values in autumn and summer but higher ones in winter and spring. Based on enrichment factor, correlation analysis and principle component analysis, three factors were identified: factor 1 (NH, SO, NO, K, and Cl, 47.45 % of the total variance) related to anthropogenic sources (coal/fuel combustion, biomass burning and agriculture), factor 2 (Ca, Mg, Na, and Cl, 34.01 % of the total variance) associated with natural sources, and factor 3 (H, 11.78 % of the total variance) related to free acidity. Back trajectory analysis indicates that the rainwater chemistry in Ya'an was mainly affected by regional air masses from Sichuan basin. Long-range transported air masses from southwest with heavy anthropogenic pollution increased the total ion concentration and acidity of rainwater. Considering its special topography, anthropogenic emissions from regional and long-range transport (especially from southwest) must be controlled effectively to improve the acid rain condition of non-urban areas in Sichuan basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PM 2.5 samples were collected from five different cooking activities, namely, meat roasting, cafeteria frying, fish roasting, snack-street boiling, and cafeteria boiling in Ya’an, China. Their chemical compositions were investigated. The PM 2.5 concentrations in the cooking samples were 2.5–9.6 times higher than those in the corresponding backgrounds. Meat roasting produced the highest amount of PM 2.5 . In general, charbroilings emitted more PM 2.5 than the other cooking activities because of the characteristics of cooking method and fuel type. High organic carbon (OC) contents (> 53% of PM 2.5 ) and OC/EC ratios (> 54) in meat roasting and cafeteria frying samples suggest that oils and high-fat raw materials significantly affect the PM 2.5 and OC emissions. However, the cooking activity was proved to be a minor source for elemental carbon (EC) with its low contents in all of the samples. High ion compositions in PM 2.5 and WSOC/OC ratios in the snack-street boiling and cafeteria boiling samples represent that water-based cooking emitted more water-soluble species. Considering that high OC/EC ratios were measured in the oil-based cooking samples and most secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) are water soluble, it is more reasonable to estimate SOA with WSOC/OC ratio in populated urban areas. We found that the formation of SOA is significant when the WSOC/OC ratio is larger than 0.40. Principal component analysis (PCA) with the quantified metals identified four contributors to the samples, including coal combustion and non-licensed business activities, soil dust, charcoal burning, and stainless steel utensils, and explained 73% of the total variance. The high emissions of PM 2.5 and toxic components from the cooking activities suggest that food safety control and environmental standard establishment should be strengthened in small and medium-sized cities in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three Cd(II) coordination complexes based on two different pyridine dicarboxylic acids (pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (H2PDA) and its derivative 4-hydroxypyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (chelidamic acid, H3CAM)), [Cd2(PDA)2(H2O)3]n(1), {[Cd2(HCAM)2(H2O)4]·3H2O}n(2), and [Cd4(HCAM)4(H2O)8] (3) have been isolated under hydrothermal conditions. Compound1, with H2PDA and Cd(NO3)2·4H2O, exhibits a 1-D chain structure. Compound2, obtained by using H3CAM instead of H2PDA, contains a different 1-D chain from that of1. When using CdCl2·2.5H2O and H3CAM, a discrete tetranuclear Cd4compound (3) was obtained, and the isolated molecules are expanded to a eight-connected CsCl-like topology with point symbol (424·64) through hydrogen bonding interactions. Furthermore, the photoluminescent properties of1–3were investigated. Three Cd(II) coordination complexes (1–3) have been obtained under hydrothermal conditions and characterized. Compounds1and2exhibit 1-D chain structures and the structures are further connected by hydrogen bonding interactions to form the 3-D packing structures, while compound3shows a discrete Cd4structure, which is expanded to a 3-D framework through hydrogen bonds with the CsCl-like eight-connected topology. Fluorescence properties indicate that1and2yield good luminescence and have potential applications in optical materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One Co(II) coordination polymer with 4-hydroxypyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (H3L)-[Co1.5L (H20)4]n (1) has been fabricated under hydrothermal condition through reaction of Co(OH)2 and H3L with mole ratio of I : I. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that 1 crystallizes in triclinic space group PI with a 1-D stair-like structure and rich hydrogen bonding interactions expand the 1-D structure to a CsCl-like 8-connected topology. Magnetic properties of 1 have been studied showing antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between Co(II) ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: PM2.5 samples were collected at six general stations and one roadside station in Hong Kong in two periods of high particulate matter (PM) in 2003 (27 October–4 November and 30 November–13 December). The highest PM2.5 reached 216μgm−3 during the first high PM period and 113μgm−3 during the second high PM period. Analysis of synoptic weather conditions identified individual sampling days under dominant influence of one of three types of air masses, that is, local, regional and long‐range transported (LRT) air masses. Roadside samples were discussed separately due to heavy influences from vehicular emissions. This research examines source apportionment of fine organic carbon (OC) and contribution of secondary organic aerosol on high PM days under different synoptic conditions. Six primary OC (POC) sources (vehicle exhaust, biomass burning, cooking, cigarette smoke, vegetative detritus, and coal combustion) were identified on the basis of characteristic organic tracers. Individual POC source contributions were estimated using chemical mass balance model. In the roadside and the local samples, OC was dominated by the primary sources, accounting for more than 74% of OC. In the samples influenced by regional and LRT air masses, secondary OC (SOC), which was approximated to be the difference between the total measured OC and the apportioned POC, contributed more than 54% of fine OC. SOC was highly correlated with water‐soluble organic carbon and sulfate, consistent with its secondary nature. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this study, we investigate the influence of long-range transport (LRT) episodes brought in by cold front on the concentration levels of PM2.5, major aerosol constituents, organic tracers, and PM2.5 source characteristics in Hong Kong, China. PM2.5 samples were collected during January–March 2004 and January–March 2005 and analyzed for major constituents and organic tracer species. Synoptic weather conditions and characteristics of common air pollutants were used to categorize the sampling days to three groups, i.e., groups mainly affected by local emissions or regional transport (RT) or cold front LRT. Concentrations of PM2.5 mass and its major constituents during cold-front days were lower than those during RT-dominated periods but higher than those during local emissions-dominated periods. Source apportionment using chemical mass balance (CMB) indicates that vehicular exhaust was a significant primary OC source of mainly local emissions, making average contributions of 1.82, 1.50, and 2.39μgCm−3 to OC in the local, LRT, and RT sample groups, respectively. During cold front periods, primary OC concentrations attributable to biomass burning and coal combustion were approximately triple and double, respectively, those during periods dominated by local emissions. Suspended dust, a minor primary OC source (0.24–0.40μgCm−3), also showed increased contribution during cold fronts. The unexplained OC by CMB (i.e., total OC minus apportioned primary OC), an approximate indicator for secondary OC, was a significant fraction of OC (>48%) and its mass concentration was much higher in the cold front LRT and RT sample groups (6.37 and 9.48μgCm−3) than in the local sample group (3.8μgCm−3). Source analysis as well as tracer concentration variation shows that biomass burning OC and water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) were correlated, suggesting biomass burning as a significant contributor to WSOC. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This study investigated the inhibitory action of 131I-recombinant human EGF (131I-rhEGF) on MCF-7 human breast cancer tumor development in nude mice. The activity and tumor uptake of 131I-rhEGF was measured by tissue distribution assay, and its effect on tumor growth was measured by monitoring tumor size after treatment with 131I-rhEGF. Changes in tumor cell ultrastructure were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and pathological changes in tumor tissue were observed by light microscopy. The tissue distribution assay revealed that 131I-rhEGF was markedly absorbed by the tumor and reached its maximal uptake rate (16.73%ID · g−1) at 120 hours at which point the drug concentration in the tumor was 11.1-fold, 8.1-fold, and 6.6-fold higher than that in blood, liver, and kidneys, respectively. Tumor size measurements showed that tumor development was significantly inhibited by intravenously and intratumorally injected 131I-rhEGF. Tumor inhibition rates (82.0% and 80.7%, respectively) were significantly higher than those of tumors treated with 131I (7.49%) and 131I-HSA (6.91%; P < 0.05). TEM and light microscopy revealed that intravenous and intratumoral injection of 131I-rhEGF could significantly damage and ultimately kill tumor cells. Our results suggest that 131I-rhEGF suppresses development of xenografted breast cancer cells in nude mice, providing a novel candidate for receptor-mediated targeted radiotherapy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Six novel decanuclear clusters with formula of {[Fe8Ln2(O)4(OH)4(EtO)2(dhbp)4(dhbpH)2(piv)6]·4EtOH} (Ln = Y (1), Gd (2), Tb (3), Dy (4), Ho (5), Er (6), dhbpH2 = 6,6′‐dihydroxyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine, Hpiv = pivalic acid, EtOH = ethanol) have been synthesized and characterized. Single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction analyses reveal that complexes 1–6 are isostructural and show a sandwich‐like FeIII8LnIII2 structure, in which the [Ln2] unit is sandwiched by two planar [Fe4] units. Magnetic properties of complexes 1–6 have been investigated and display dominant antiferromagnetic interactions, thereinto, complexes 4 and 6 display weak ferromagnetic behaviors associated with LnIII ions, while others are antiferromagnetic‐like features. Furthermore, complex 4 (FeIII8DyIII2) shows temperature/frequency‐dependent ac signals with an energy barrier of 4.1 K, indicating that complex 4 should be a single‐molecule magnet (SMM) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel heterometallic complexes with formula of {[Co 2 (HTRI) 3 (H 2 O) 6 ][Dy 2 Co(HCAM) 6 (H 2 O) 4 ]·22H 2 O} ( 1 , H 3 CAM = 4-hydroxyl-2,6-pyridicarboxylic acid; HTRI = 1,2,4-triazole) and {[Dy 2 Co 3 (HTRI) 2 (HCAM) 6 (H 2 O) 10 ]·2CH 3 OH·13H 2 O} n ( 2 ) have been obtained. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that complexes 1 and 2 show similar molecular elements, but display different structural features: a discrete ionic-pair for complex 1 and an infinite 1D chain for complex 2 , which is probably due to the different coordination modes of HTRI. Luminescent properties have been studied for complexes 1 and 2 , and show the characteristic fluorescence of Dy(III) ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new pseudoscorpion species, Stenohya dongtianensis sp. nov. and S. jiahensis sp. nov., from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, are described and illustrated. An identification key is provided for all known representatives of the genus Stenohya from China.

Five new species of the genus Tyrannochthonius Chamberlin, 1929 are described from caves in the provinces of Yunnan ( T.huilongshanensis sp. nov. , T.xinzhaiensis sp. nov. , and T.yamuhensis sp. nov. ), Guizhou ( T.dongjiensis sp. nov. ), and Sichuan ( T.huaerensis sp. nov. ). An identification key is provided for all known representatives of the genus Tyrannochthonius from China., (Yun-Chun Li.)

Four new species of the genus Metachelifer Redikorzev, 1938 are described from caves in the provinces of Tak ( M.takensis sp. nov. and M.thailandicus sp. nov. ), Chiangmai ( M.mahnerti sp. nov. ), and Nakhon Ratchasima ( M.cheni sp. nov. ). An identification key is provided to all known world representatives of the genus Metachelifer ., (Yun-Chun Li, Ai-Min Shi.)

As a group of heterocyclic macrocycle organic natural compounds occurring universally in animal tissues and plants, porphyrins are composed of four modified pyrrole subunits. Porphyrin analogues/ derivatives possess multiple biochemical properties because of their unique structures and have been extensively investigated in cancer treatment. Studies have shown that porphyrins and their derivatives have the ability to locate tumor cells in a variety of human cancers, and these compounds not only exhibit potent therapeutic effects as photodynamic agents but also show promising properties in medicinal imaging, such as MRI, photoacoustic imaging, fluorescence imaging, and PET/SPECT imaging. This paper reviews the recent reports of porphyrin derivatives as therapeutic agents used in tumor therapies, such as sonodynamic therapy, photodynamic therapy and radiotherapy, as well as the imaging agents for multimodality tumor imaging. The limitations of porphyrin-based compounds in tumor treatments and future prospects are also summarized., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

A new pseudoscorpion, Lagynochthonius bailongtanensis sp. nov., is described and illustrated from specimens collected in a cave in Luoping County, Yunnan Province, China. This species is notable in being strongly troglomorphic. A new identification key is provided to all known Chinese representatives of the genus Lagynochthonius.

Two 3 d -4 f hetero-metal pentanuclear complexes with the formula {[Cr III 2 Ln III 3 L 10 (OH) 6 (H 2 O) 2 ]Et 3 NH} [Ln=Tb ( 1 ), Dy ( 2 ); HL=pivalic acid, Et 3 N=triethylamine] have been produced. The metal core of each cluster is made up of a trigonal bipyramid with three Ln III ions (plane) and two Cr III ions (above and below) held together by six μ 3 -OH bridges. Also reported with this series is the diamagnetic Cr III -Y III analogue ( 3 ). Fortunately, we successfully prepared Al III -Ln III analogues with the formula {[Al III 2 Ln III 3 L 10 (OH) 6 (H 2 O) 2 ]Et 3 NH⋅H 2 O} [Ln=Tb ( 4 ), Dy ( 5 )], containing diamagnetic Al III ions, which can be used to evaluate the Cr III -Ln III magnetic nature through a diamagnetic substitution method. Subsequently, static (dc) magnetic susceptibility studies reveal dominant ferromagnetic interactions between Cr III and Ln III ions. Dynamic (ac) magnetic susceptibility studies show frequency-dependent out-of-phase ( χ '') signals for [Cr III 2 Tb III 3 ] ( 1 ), [Cr III 2 Dy III 3 ] ( 2 ), and [Al III 2 Dy III 3 ] ( 5 ), which are derived from the single-ion behavior of Ln III ions and/or the Cr III -Ln III ferromagnetic interactions.

Nineteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM 2.5 emitted from five different cooking activities were characterized, and their influencing factors were determined. The total quantified particle-bounded PAH concentrations (ΣPAHs) in the airs from the cooking activities were 4.2-36.5-fold higher than those in corresponding backgrounds. The highest ΣPAHs were seen in cafeteria frying (783 ± 499 ng/m 3 ), followed by meat roasting (420 ± 191 ng/m 3 ), fish roasting (210 ± 105 ng/m 3 ), snack-street boiling (202 ± 230 ng/m 3 ), and cafeteria boiling (150 ± 65 ng/m 3 ). The main influencing factors on the PAH emissions were cooking methods, fat contents in raw materials, and oil consumptions. Four- to six-ringed PAHs had the highest contributions to the ΣPAHs (avg. 87.5%). Diagnostic ratios of individual PAH were similar between the two charbroiling and other three conventional Chinese cooking methods, respectively, demonstrating the dominance of cooking methods in the PAH emissions. Remarkably high benzo(b)fluoranthene/benzo(k)fluoranthene (BbF/BkF) ratio (8.31) was seen in the snack-street boiling, attributed to the coal combustion as cooking fuel. Both fluoranthene/(fluoranthene + pyrene) [FLT/(FLT + PYR)] and benzo(a)anthracene/(benzo(a)anthracene + chrysene) [BaA/(BaA + CHR)] ratios were higher for the oil-based cooking than those from the water-based ones. In addition, two ratios of indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene/(indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene + benzo(g,h,i)perylene) [IPY/(IPY + BPE)] and benzo(a)pyrene/(benzo(a)pyrene + benzo(g,h,i)perylene) [BaP/(BaP + BPE)] were higher for two charbroiling than the three conventional Chinese cooking methods. The characterization work in this study is particularly important since cooking is a potential contributor of atmospheric PAHs in urban China. Carcinogenic potencies of PAHs were assessed by comparison with the air quality guideline and health risk estimation. The BaP and BaP equivalent were higher for the oil-based than the water-based cooking activities.

Four 3d-4f heterometallic complexes with the formula, {[Ln 2 Co 6 (OH) 4 (L 1 ) 6 (L 2 ) 8 (CH 3 CN) 2 ]·nCH 2 Cl 2 } (Ln = Dy (1), n = 0.5; Ho (2), n = 1; Gd (3), n = 1; Y (4), n = 1; HL 1 = 6-chloro-2-pyridinol, HL 2 = pivalic acid), were synthesized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that complexes 1-4 consisted of a [Ln 2 Co 6 ] core, featuring a Ln-Ln edge-sharing double-trigonal-bipyramid configuration. The magnetic susceptibilities revealed ferromagnetic coupling within complexes 1 and 2, and complex 1 displayed slow relaxation of magnetization.

Three new species of darkling beetles (Tenebrionidae) belonging to the subgenus Leipopleura of the genus Bioramix Bates, 1879, Bioramix (Leipopleura) baqenensis Li & Egorov, sp. n., Bioramix (Leipopleura) nyainrongensis Li & Egorov, sp. n., and Bioramix (Leipopleura) banbarensis Li & Egorov, sp. n. are described from the Tibet Autonomous Region in China. Additionally, a new identification key is provided to all known Chinese representatives of the subgenus Leipopleura.

Two new species of darkling beetles (Tenebrionidae: Platyscelidini) belonging to the subgenus Cardiobioramix of the genus Bioramix are described. The first one, B. (C.) jinchuanensis sp. nov. known from the Chinese Province Sichuan Jinchuan, is characterized by the elongated parameres which are uniquely curved near the apex. The second one, B. (C.) maoxianensis sp. nov. described from Sichuan Maoxian and can be distinguished from the closely related B. (C.) szetschuana, B. (C.) kulzeri and B. (C.) subaenescens by the basally parallel parameres. A new identification key is provided to all known Chinese representatives of the subgenus Cardiobioramix.

Aim: To explore and compare the radiochemical behavior and biological property of anti-sense oligonuc-leotide (ASON) labeled with technetium-99m using N-hydroxysuccinimidyl S-acetylmercaptoacetyltriglycline (NHS-MAG(3)) and hydrazinonictinamide derivative (HYNIC)., Methods: After HYNIC and NHS-MAG(3) were synthesized, ASON was labeled with technetium-99m using HYNIC and NHS-MAG(3) as a bifunctional chelator. The in vivo and in vitro stability, binding rates of labeled compounds to serum albumen, biodistribution of (99m)Tc-MAG(3)-ASON and (99m)Tc-HYNIC-ASON in BALB/C mouse and its HT29 tumor cellular uptake were compared., Results: The labeling efficiency and stability of (99m)Tc-MAG(3)-ASON were significantly higher than those of (99m)Tc-HYNIC-ASON (P = 0.02, and P = 0.03, respectively). (99m)Tc-MAG(3)-ASON had a significantly lower rate of binding to serum albumen than (99m)Tc-HYNIC-ASON (P < 0.05). In contrast to (99m)Tc-HYNIC-ASON, the biodistribution of (99m)Tc-MAG(3)-ASON was significantly lower in blood, heart, liver and stomach (P < 0.05), slightly lower in intestines and spleen (P > 0.05) and significantly higher in lung and kidney (P < 0.05). The HT29 tumor cellular uptake rate of (99m)Tc-MAG(3)-ASON was significantly higher than that of (99m)Tc-HYNIC-ASON (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: (99m)Tc-MAG(3)-ASON shows superior radiochemical behaviors and biological properties than (99m)Tc-HYNIC-ASON. (99m)Tc-MAG(3)-ASON is a potential radiopharmaceutical agent for in vivo application.

For over one hundred years, viruses have been recognized as capable of killing tumor cells. At present, people are still researching and constructing more suitable oncolytic viruses for treating different malignant tumors. Although extensive studies have demonstrated that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is the most potential oncolytic virus, therapies based on herpes simplex virus type 1 vectors still arouse bio-safety and risk management issues. Researchers have therefore introduced the new idea of treating cancer with HSV-1 mutants labeled with radionuclides, combining radionuclide and oncolytic virus therapies. This overview briefly summarizes the status and mechanisms by which oncolytic viruses kill tumor cells, discusses the application of HSV-1 and HSV-1 derived vectors for tumor therapy, and demonstrates the feasibility and prospect of HSV-1 mutants labeled with radionuclides for treating tumors.

Purpose: HAb18G/CD147 is a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-associated antigen. We developed iodine (131I) metuximab injection (Licartin), a novel 131I-labeled HAb18G/CD147-specific monoclonal antibody Fab'2 fragment, and evaluated its safety, pharmacokinetics, and clinical efficacy on HCC in Phase I/II trials., Methods and Materials: In a Phase I trial, 28 patients were randomly assigned to receive the injection in 9.25-, 18.5-, 27.75-, or 37-MBq/kg doses by hepatic artery infusion. In a multicenter Phase II trial, 106 patients received the injection (27.75 MBq/kg) on Day 1 of a 28-day cycle. Response rate and survival rate were the endpoints., Results: No life-threatening toxic effects were found. The safe dosage was 27.75 MBq/kg. The blood clearance fitted a biphasic model, and its half-life was 90.56-63.93 h. In the Phase II trial, the injection was found to be targeted and concentrated to tumor tissues. Of the 73 patients completing two cycles, 6 (8.22%) had a partial response, 14 (19.18%) minor response, and 43 (58.90%) stable disease. The 21-month survival rate was 44.54%. The survival rate of progression-free patients was significantly higher than that of patients with progressive disease after either one or two cycles (p < 0.0001 or p = 0.0019)., Conclusion: Iodine (131I) metuximab injection is safe and active for HCC patients.

This paper describes a method for the simultaneous determination of monocarboxylic acids (C6-C34), dicarboxylic acids (C2-C24), omega-oxo-carboxylic acids (C2-C9), ketocarboxylic acids (pyruvic and pinonic acid), and select aldehydes (glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and nonanal) in atmospheric particles. Quantification of these compounds gives information on important chemical characteristics of aerosols for source apportioning of aerosol organics and for studying atmospheric processes leading to secondary organic aerosol formation. These target analytes were determined as their butyl ester or butyl acetal derivatives using gas-chromatography mass spectrometry. The method is modified from a method described by Kawamura. Kawamura's original method involved a water extraction step, which practically restricted the method to the determination of only those compounds that are water-soluble. Our method eliminates the water extraction step and combines extraction and derivatization of the target compounds in one step. A mixture of hexane/butanol/BF3 simultaneously derivatizes the polar function groups (i.e., -COOH, -C=O) and extracts the target analytes from the aerosol filter substrates. A prominent advantage of our method is improved recoveries for the more volatile analytes in the target compound classes as a result of eliminating the water evaporation step. Recoveries better than 66% were obtained for the target analytes, including the relatively volatile ones. This improvement for the light species has allowed detection of a new midchain ketocarboxylic acid, 4-oxopentanoic acid, which would have escaped detection by the Kawamura method because of its high susceptibility to evaporative loss. Examples are presented to demonstrate the use of this method in analysis of ambient aerosol samples.