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With the popularity of social network sites (SNSs) among the younger generation, adolescent SNS addiction has become a serious and highly-concerned problem in modern society. Based on the perspective of positive psychology, the current study focused on the protective role of emotional resilience on SNS addiction among adolescents. Specifically, this study tested the mediating effect of emotional expressivity in the association between emotional resilience and SNS addiction, and whether the mediating processes were moderated by Type D personality. The research model was examined with 699 Chinese high school students (mean age = 13.31 years, SD = 0.79; 51.93% were boys). Our mediation analysis revealed that the ability to generate positive emotions (a mechanism of emotional resilience) positively predicted SNS addiction via increasing positive expressivity; the ability to recover quickly from negative emotions (another mechanism of emotional resilience) negatively predicted SNS addiction directly and via decreasing positive and negative expressivity. Moreover, the moderated mediation analysis indicated that Type D personality moderated the association between positive expressivity and SNS addiction, as well as the relationship between negative expressivity and SNS addiction. These findings highlight the importance of uncovering the mechanisms underlying the links between emotional resilience and SNS addiction, which helps to reduce the risk of SNS addiction among adolescents., Author(s): Jia Nie [sup.1] , Wendi Li [sup.2] , Jie Long [sup.1] , Pan Zeng [sup.1] , Pengcheng Wang [sup.1] , Li Lei [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.24539.39, 0000 0004 [...]

The integration of chiral elements within a multiple resonance (MR) motif affords a prospective avenue to construct satisfying emitters tailored for state‐of‐the‐art circularly polarized organic light–emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs). However, the concurrently realizing of both high luminescence efficiency and favorable dissymmetry factors (gPL) still remains a formidable challenge, particularly when aligning with the requirement of high color purity. Herein, a dual‐pronged approach is proposed to reconcile such trade‐offs by directly fusing a secondary chiral donor onto the MR scaffold, thereby facilitating a hybrid short/long‐range charge‐transfer with fine‐tuned compositions. Theoretical calculations unveil the pronounced impact of the chiral donor on meticulously refining the characteristics of excited states, therefore yielding a considerable gPL of 3.3 × 10−3, along with a high fluorescence quantum yield of 0.97, and a rapid reverse intersystem crossing rate of 3.06 × 105 s−1 in one embodiment. Leveraging these merits, electroluminescence devices incorporating them as chiral dopants exhibit exceptional performance, showcasing a peak external quantum efficiency of 36.6% and remarkable Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates of (0.19, 0.71), which represent one of the most notable achievements among pure‐green CP‐OLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of spin–orbit torque (SOT) devices to neuromorphic computing platforms is focused on the development of hardware circuit architectures. However, the inter-device variability, the integration modes of devices and peripheral circuits, and appropriate application scenarios are still unclear, limiting the development of SOT devices in neuromorphic computing. To solve this problem, this paper first proposes a circuit compensation scheme for the difference in resistance values of SOT devices, which solves this variability problem at the circuit level. Moreover, a synergistic scheme with the circuit is developed based on the correspondence between the multistate resistance characteristics of the SOT devices and a convolutional algorithm. To achieve this, a multichannel SOT convolutional kernel circuit architecture is built, which implements an image edge recognition application. Finally, based on a simulation model, an image edge recognition hardware circuit based on our CoPt-SOT devices is implemented, which is capable of performing image edge recognition with an accuracy of 96.33%. This scheme provides technical support and development prospects for SOT devices in neural network hardware applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While spin–orbit torque (SOT) devices are extensively investigated due to their potential for use in neural network computation, it remains challenging to explore the hardware for neural networks. In this paper, the field‐free memristive SOT switching of the CoPt single layer is used to propose a neuromorphic hardware circuit for detecting edges in images. Owing to its threefold symmetry of inversion, the polarity of SOT switching can be reversed by rotating the current by 60°. Moreover, the process of current‐induced SOT switching exhibits stable multi‐state magnetic switching behavior, and can be controllably tuned by using the pulse of the current. As the slope of the applied ramp pulse current increased, the wave of the anomalous Hall resistance changed from a curve with normally memristive property to trigonometric, and finally to cosine. The design of the hardware circuit for a single SOT device is subsequently formulated to detect the edges in images. The results of experiments verified the capability of this device to detect the edge lines in images with high accuracy, which confirms its potential for use in the hardware of neuromorphic computing platforms. The work here provides guidance for the application of SOT‐based devices to neuromorphic hardware. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biochar (BC) and organic fertilizers (OFs) are both organic soil amendments that can be used to improve soil quality, but their effects on soil physicochemical properties and microbial structures may be different. Comparative studies can help us understand the advantages and disadvantages of different types of soils. In the current research, five treatments, including a control group (CK), two concentrations of biochar (2% BC and 4% BC), and two concentrations of organic fertilizer (2% OF and 4% OF) and their effects on soil properties, enzyme activities, and bacterial diversity were evaluated. The BC and OF significantly increased the soil EC, pH, and soil nutrients (p < 0.05). The 2% BC increased the biomass of Pennisetum giganteum by 41.7%. The 4% BC and OF reduced the biomass of P. giganteum. Furthermore, the observed decrease in the P. giganteum yield following the application of the 4% BC can be attributed to reductions in the available phosphorus (AP) and CaCl2-P, as well as alterations in the soil enzyme activity. However, the negative impact of OFs on crop yield may be associated with an increased EC, elevated abundance of soil-borne pathogens, and decreased levels of beneficial microorganisms. In summary, a comparative study of the effects of BC and OF on the growth of P. giganteum in acidic soil is of great significance for improving the soil quality, promoting the development of organic agriculture, protecting the environment, and promoting land reclamation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morel is a popular edible mushroom with considerable medicinal and economic value which has garnered global popularity. However, the increasing heavy metal (HM) pollution in the soil presents a significant challenge to morels cultivation. Given the susceptibility of morels to HM accumulation, the quality and output of morels are at risk, posing a serious food safety concern that hinders the development of the morel industry. Nonetheless, research on the mechanism of HM enrichment and mitigation strategies in morel remains scarce. The morel, being cultivated in soil, shows a positive correlation between HM content in its fruiting body and the HM content in the soil. Therefore, soil remediation emerges as the most practical and effective approach to tackle HM pollution. Compared to physical and chemical remediation, bioremediation is a low-cost and eco-friendly approach that poses minimal threats to soil composition and structure. HMs easily enriched during morels cultivation were examined, including Cd, Cu, Hg, and Pb, and we assessed soil passivation technology, microbial remediation, strain screening and cultivation, and agronomic measures as potential approaches for HM pollution prevention. The current review underscores the importance of establishing a comprehensive system for preventing HM pollution in morels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current-induced field-free magnetization switching in single-layer films has been widely investigated for the application of spin–orbit torque (SOT) drivers in low-power, high-density, and nano-sized memory. In this paper, we report field-free SOT switching with threefold angle dependence in A1 disordered single-layer CoPt using the MgO (111) substrate. It is found that the magnetization could not switch in the absence of an external in-plane magnetic field when the current was flowing in the direction of the mirror symmetry high-symmetry axis ([11–2]). While along the direction of the low-symmetry axis ([1–10]) which destroyed the mirror symmetry to the greatest extent, field-free switching could be performed, and the switching ratio was up to 30%. This was mainly attributed to the composition gradient-induced in-plane inversion asymmetry and the low symmetry at the interface of Co/Pt broken out-of-plane inversion. Furthermore, CoPt devices with nanoscale thickness exhibited stable multistate magnetic switching behavior without an external magnetic field, and simultaneously nonlinear synaptic characteristics were obtained. A neural network was established, in which the synaptic weights between the hidden layer and the output layer are updated by using the resistance state of SOT synaptic devices, and the network could achieve about 90.54% recognition accuracy when applied to MNIST's handwritten digital dataset. This work confirmed that a field-free SOT switch could be realized in single-layer CoPt, which provided theoretical guidance and data support for spin devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bolt-ball joints are widely adopted in grid structures due to their high installation accuracy and short construction period. Since the bolt is inside the joint, it is challenging to evaluate its health status from outside the structure. A finite-element plane-truss structure model, based on the actual grid structure, was constructed to investigate the influence of the rod's preload on the overall stiffness and bearing capacity of the grid structure. Moreover, a model of the grid structure, with a bolt-ball joint connection, was constructed to analyze the influence of the preload loss in bolted-ball joints on the overall mechanical performance of the local members and structures. The results show that the release of preload on the outer web rod is less effective in terms of the overall stiffness and bearing capacity of the structure than on the inner web rod. The preload of the larger span direction rod plays an important role, and the preload of the upper chord has a greater impact, while the preload of the web rod and the upper chord in the smaller span direction has no significant effect on the normal stress in the surrounding rods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic skyrmion, a nano-sized spin texture with topological property, have the potential to develop high-density, low-power, and multifunctional spintronic devices. To realize the reconfiguration of a single logic device and the implementation of the complete logic functions, a new reconfigurable and reusable skyrmion logic is proposed and verified by micromagnetic simulation. Logic functions including AND, OR, NOT, NAND and NOR are realized in ferromagnetic (FM) nanotrack by skyrmion-edge repulsions and the voltage control of magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) effect. The working state of the potential well can be controlled by the link of the input signals, thus changing the function type. In addition, through reusing skyrmion in circular track, the energy required for creation and deletion is reduced. This work can provide guidance for the design and optimization of reconfigurable and reusable logic devices with circular track based on skyrmion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a memristor driven by spin–orbit torque (SOT) is realized in the nanoscale thickness L10 FePt systems with high perpendicular magnetization anisotropy (PMA). Due to the domain nucleation and expansion driven by current pulses, multilevel Hall resistance states can be continuously tuned by current density, where the memristive states are retained by the domain wall pinning effects. The properties of multilevel resistance states for samples with different structures are associated with the magnitude of field-like torque, and the larger efficiency of field-like torque enhances multiple resistance characteristics. Furthermore, the stable memristive behavior is obtained in the FePt/MgO/NiFe heterostructure. Finally, a three-layer multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network is built to perform the MNIST handwritten digit recognition task based on the device's memristive behaviors, and the accuracy of weight update can reach up to 88.55%. These results pave the way for the application of L10 FePt nanomaterials in neuromorphic computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]