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Rhodium(III)‐catalyzed oxindole‐directed oxidative Heck‐type olefination reactions of N‐aryloxindoles and olefins represent an efficient approach for the construction of C−C bond. It offers a straightforward and atom‐economical method for the synthesis of functionalized oxindole alkenylation derivatives in moderate to excellent yields. C‐H Activation: Rhodium(III)‐catalyzed oxindole‐directed oxidative Heck‐type olefination reactions of N‐aryloxindoles and olefins represent an efficient approach for the construction of C−C bond. It offers a straightforward and atom‐economical method for the synthesis of functionalized oxindole alkenylation derivatives in moderate to excellent yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The dual behaviour of acyl azides in transition‐metal‐catalyzed direct C−H amidation is investigated. Variously substituted acyl azides reacted smoothly with 7‐azaindoles providing a diversity of C−C or C−N 7‐azaindole amidated derivatives. This amidation reaction shows an excellent controllability, which is believed to be dependent on catalyst system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A convenient rhodium(III)-catalyzed cascade reaction of 7-azaindoles and alkynes through multiple C−H bond activation for the synthesis of unique [5]azahelicenes has been developed. The optical property of these screw-shaped helicene derivatives could be further utilized in electronic devices to recognize mercury ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient rhodium-catalyzed dehydrogenative Heck-type reaction between N-aryl-substituted 7-azaindoles and various alkenes through a H2-releasing process without the need of any oxidizing agent was developed. The novel methodology broadens the scope of metal-catalyzed hydrogen-releasing reactions to include rhodium catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reconstruction capability of the blue phase (BP) template with low polymer concentration was investigated. A threshold polymer concentration to reconstruct the BP with the chiral three-dimensional template was confirmed in different kinds of polymer systems. The anchoring energy of the template may reassemble the double twist cylinder structure of BP liquid crystal (BPLC) by refilling either the same-handed or reverse-handed chiral materials within a certain range of helical twisting power (HTP). Meanwhile, because of the lowered anchoring energy, the kerr constant of the reconstructed BPLC increased by 104%, from 1.81 nm/V2 to 3.70 nm/V2, by refilling the reverse-handed chiral material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One glass single ITO layer solution has been demonstrated for large size projected-capacitive touch panels. Using simple touch sensors and algorithm, the proposed solution can effectively solve the issues of sensitivity reduction and large coordinate shifting existing in current large size touch panels. A touch system based on the proposed solution can achieve a coordinate shifting of less than 1.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The anchoring energy of blue phase polymer template containing different concentration of conventional polymer has been studied. The lower bound of polymer concentration to form the chiral three-dimensional template of blue phase is confirmed. And it was demonstrated that the template anchoring energy has a threshold value to reassemble the double twist cylinder structure of blue phase liquid crystal by either refilling same-handed chiral materials or reverse-handed chiral materials which may help to improve the driving capacity of the polymer stabilized blue phase liquid crystal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhodium Catalysis An efficient rhodium‐catalyzed dehydrogenative Heck‐type reaction (DHR) between N‐aryl substituted 7‐azaindoles and various alkenes through a H2‐releasing process without the need of any oxidizing agent was developed. This atom‐economical and environmentally friendly DHR method broadens the scope of metal‐catalyzed hydrogen‐releasing reactions to include rhodium catalysis. For more details, see the Communication by L. Dong et al. on page 17926 ff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Population genomics analysis of Ganoderma in China to investigate species diversity and genetic differentiation. • Candidate functional genes related to three important traits including stipe length, cap color, and branching were identified in Ganoderma. This study aimed to investigate the species diversity and genetic differentiation of the genome of the main cultivated strains of Ganoderma in China. Population genomics analysis was conducted based on 150 cultivated strains of Ganoderma collected nationwide. The results indicated that the main species currently cultivated in China were Ganoderma sichuanense and Ganoderma lucidum , with a minor proportion of Ganoderma sessile, Ganoderma weberianum, Ganoderma sinense, Ganoderma gibbosum and Ganoderma australe. A total of 336,506 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci were obtained through population evolution analysis. The Fst values were calculated using a 5-kb sliding window, which ranged from 0.11 to 0.74. This suggests varying degrees of genetic differentiation between populations and genetic exchange among varieties. On this basis, the genes related to the stipe length, cap color and branch phenotypes of Ganoderma were excavated, and the region with the top 1% ZFst value region was used as a candidate region. A total of 137, 270 and 222 candidate genes were identified in the aforementioned 3 phenotypes, respectively. Gene annotation revealed that genes associated with stipe length were mainly related to cell division and differentiation, including proteins such as Nse4 protein and DIM1 protein. The genes related to Ganoderma red color were mainly related to the metabolism of tryptophan and flavonoids. The genes related to the branch were mainly related to cytokinin synthesis, ABC transporter and cytochrome P450. This study provided 150 valuable genome resequencing data in assessing the diversity and genetic differentiation of Ganoderma and laid a foundation for agronomic trait analysis and the development of new varieties of Ganoderma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess the strain resources and address production challenges in Ganoderma cultivation. 150 Ganoderma strains were collected from 13 provinces in China. A comparative analysis of agronomic traits and effective components was conducted. Among the 150 strains, key agronomic traits measured were: average stipe diameter (15.92 mm), average stipe length (37.46 mm), average cap horizontal diameter (94.97 mm), average cap vertical diameter (64.21 mm), average cap thickness (15.22 mm), and average fruiting body weight (14.30 g). Based on these agronomic traits, four promising strains, namely, L08, L12, Z21, and Z39, were recommended for further cultivation and breeding. The average crude polysaccharide content ranged from 0.048% to 0.977%, and triterpenoids ranged from 0.804% to 2.010%. In addition, 73 triterpenoid compounds were identified, constituting 47.1% of the total compounds. Using a distance discrimination method, the types, and relative contents of triterpenoid compounds in 150 Ganoderma strains were classified, achieving 98% accuracy in G. lingzhi identification. The 16 triterpenoid components used for G. lingzhi identification included oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, 3β-acetoxyergosta-7,22-dien-5α-ol, ganoderic acid DM, ganoderiol B, ganorderol A, ganoderic acid GS-1, tsugaric acid A, ganoderic acid GS-2, ganoderenic acid D, ganoderic acid Mf, ganoderic acid A, ganoderic acid K, ganoderic acid V, ganoderic acid G, and leucocontextin J. This study provides valuable insights for exploring and utilizing Ganoderma resources and for the development of new varieties.

Taiwanofungus camphoratus is a parasite medicinal fungus with significant hepatoprotective activity that grows in Cinnamomum camphora, a class II protected tree species in Taiwan. Currently, commercial cultivation of T. camphoratus is limited by the resources of C. camphora. To broaden the range of substrates, this study investigated the feasibility of using apple-wood as a substrate for T. camphoratus cultivation and examined the content of fruit body triterpenoids and liver-protective activity as quality indicators. The triterpenoids were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and compared with T. camphoratus cultivated in C. camphora. The ICR mouse acute alcoholic liver injury model was used to explore the hepatoprotective effects of the apple-wood cultivated fungus. T. camphoratus grew on apple-wood medium within 7 months; a total of 62 fungal triterpenoid components were detected, including the seven characteristic triterpenoids. Only three were higher in T. camphoratus cultured on C. camphora. The medium-dose fungal extracts (150 mg/kg) produced significant protective effects against acute alcoholic liver injury in mice. These results indicate that apple-wood cultivation is a feasible method compared to C. camphora for commercial cultivation of T. camphoratus.

A convenient rhodium(III)-catalyzed cascade reaction of 7-azaindoles and alkynes through multiple C-H bond activation for the synthesis of unique [5]azahelicenes has been developed. The optical property of these screw-shaped helicene derivatives could be further utilized in electronic devices to recognize mercury ions., (© 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)