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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a significant worldwide health issue, experiencing an increasing incidence rate. Effective dietary strategies are vital for T2DM management, but the optimal dietary patterns remain debated due to inconsistent research outcomes and single-outcome reporting. Network Meta-Analysis (NMA) provides a powerful approach for integrating data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs), enabling a detailed evaluation of the impact of different dietary patterns. This document presents our strategy for a systematic review and network meta-analysis, aimed at assessing the influence of key dietary patterns on glycemic control, lipid profiles, and weight management in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Materials and methods: Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) and network meta-analyses guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, without language or date restrictions. Our objective is to assess the efficacy of various dietary interventions in managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). We used standardized mean differences for pairwise comparisons and a Bayesian framework for ranking interventions via Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking Curve (SUCRA). Key analyses include heterogeneity, transitivity, and sensitivity assessments, along with quality and risk evaluations using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Ethics and dissemination: This systematic review and network meta-analysis involve aggregate data from previous trials, obviating the need for additional ethical approval. The search strategy will be executed starting October 2023, with all searches completed by December 2023, to encompass the most current studies available. Findings will be shared through academic conferences and peer-reviewed journals focused on diabetes care and nutrition. Trial registration: PROSPERO registration number CRD42023465791. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obesity is a global public health concern. The goal of this study was to see if eating habits could mediate the relationship between psychological distress and weight maintenance in a population with a history of weight cycling. Methods: A 3-month outpatient intervention consisting of a diet and exercise program was provided to 153 participants. Psychological distress, appetite, and behavior were assessed at the beginning and end of the study. Anthropometric measurements were taken at baseline and six months. Results: After the structural equation model was developed, it was discovered that the psychological status of people with obesity and weight cycling histories correlated with the weight loss outcome effect (three and six months). This effect was mediated by factors related to eating behavior. Associative psychological factors had a direct effect on eating behavior (three months: β = 0.181, 95% CI: 0.055–0.310; six months: β = 0.182, 95% CI: 0.039–0.332) and appetite had a direct effect on eating behavior (three months: β = 0.600, 95% CI: 0.514–0.717; six months: β = 0.581, 95% CI: 0.457–0.713), both of which were significant (p < 0.01). At three months, psychological distress has a more substantial positive impact on weight change, with eating behavior acting as a partial mediator. At six months, there was no support for appetite's moderating role in eating behavior. Conclusions: The findings suggest that psychological interventions should be strengthened to improve weight loss effectiveness, particularly in participants with a history of weight cycling, making weight loss more complicated and prone to rebound. Clinical trial registration: The study has been registered in Clinical Trials (NCT05311462). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The signaling pathways are highly conserved between Drosophila and mammals concerning intestinal development, regeneration, and disease. The powerful genetic tools of Drosophila make it a valuable and convenient alternative to answer basic biological questions that can not be addressed using mammalian models. In this review, we discuss recent advances in how we use fly midgut to answer the following key questions: (1) How intestine stem cell niches are established; (2) which factors control asymmetric division of stem cells; (3) how intestinal cells interact with environmental factors, such as tissue damage, microbiota, and diet; (4) how to screen aging/cancer‐related factors or drugs by fly intestine stem cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Most of the brucellosis vaccines in the application are whole-bacteria vaccines. Live-attenuated vaccines are widely used for brucellosis prevention in sheep, goats, pigs, and cattle. Thus, there is also a need for an adjuvanted vaccine for human brucellosis, because the attenuated Brucella vaccines now utilized in animals cause human illness. Here, we developed a live-attenuated Brucella suis strain 2 vaccine (S2) adjuvanted with Ag85a (Ag85a-S2). We found that Ag85a-S2 activated cGAS-STING pathways both in intestinal mucosal cells in vivo and in the BMDM and U937 cell line in vitro. We demonstrated that the cGAS knockout significantly downregulated the abundance of interferon and other cytokines induced by Ag85a-S2. Moreover, Ag85a-S2 triggered a stronger cellular immune response compared to S2 alone. In sum, Ag85a-S2-mediated enhancement of immune responses was at least partially dependent on the cGAS-STING pathway. Our results provide a new candidate for preventing Brucella pathogens from livestock, which might reduce the dosage and potential toxicity compared to S2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dies and moulds are an important tool in engineering manufacturing, often because of various reasons and failures. As a new remanufacturing technology, laser cladding technology has been extensively used in the surface strengthening of dies and moulds. In this paper, the classification and failure forms of dies and moulds and the process of laser cladding technology are summarized, and the characteristics of laser cladding technology in dies and moulds strengthening are analyzed in detail. Finally, the challenges and opportunities faced by laser cladding are discussed to draw several key conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Autophagy has been proven to play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma and the regulation of the airway epithelial immune microenvironment. However, a systematic analysis of the clinical importance of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) regulating the immune microenvironment in patients with asthma remains lacking. Methods: Clustering based on the k-means unsupervised clustering method was performed to identify autophagy-related subtypes in asthma. ARG-related diagnostic markers in low-autophagy subtypes were screened, the infiltration of immune cells in the airway epithelium was evaluated by the CIBERSORT, and the correlation between diagnostic markers and infiltrating immune cells was analyzed. On the basis of the expression of ARGs and combined with asthma control, a risk prediction model was established and verified by experiments. Results: A total of 66 differentially expressed ARGs and 2 subtypes were identified between mild to moderate and severe asthma. Significant differences were observed in asthma control and FEV1 reversibility between the two subtypes, and the low-autophagy subtype was closely associated with severe asthma, energy metabolism, and hormone metabolism. The autophagy gene SERPINB10 was identified as a diagnostic marker and was related to the infiltration of immune cells, such as activated mast cells and neutrophils. Combined with asthma control, a risk prediction model was constructed, the expression of five risk genes was supported by animal experiments, was established for ARGs related to the prediction model. Conclusion: Autophagy plays a crucial role in the diversity and complexity of the asthma immune microenvironment and has clinical value in treatment response and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The effect of WC content on the bonding strength, residual stress, fracture toughness, compression resistance, bending strength, and fracture morphologies of the specimens was studied. • There are different optimal ranges in each performance. • Each performance has been greatly improved. • The coating with 20% WC has the best comprehensive properties. Laser cladding metal-based ceramic composite coating has significant advantages in improving the surface properties of brake discs. WC powder (5–35%) was mixed into Ni60 powder to prepare different WC/Ni60 composite coatings by laser cladding. The samples were treated by grinding and polishing for further experiments. The effects of WC content on bonding strength, residual stress, fracture toughness, and material strength of cladding coating were studied. At the same time, the fracture morphologies were observed and analyzed by SEM. It was found that the bonding strength of different coatings exceeded 170 MPa. The optimal range of bonding strength was 15–30% WC content. With the increase of WC content, the porosity of the coating increased continuously. When the WC content was 30%, the maximum porosity of the coating was 5.6%. When the content of WC reached 30%, the residual stress of the coating was the largest, but when it exceeded 30%, the residual stress began to decrease. With the increase of WC content, the compression resistance of the coating gradually decreased. The compression resistance maintained a high level, which conformed to the optimal range of bonding strength. When the WC content was less than 35%, the bending strength of the material was improved, which the 25% WC content had the maximum bending strength. The optimal range of bonding strength covered the bending strength. Therefore, when the WC content was 20–30%, which had shown good bonding strength and mechanical properties. In the fracture morphologies, the 20% WC coating was the most smooth, and the bonding strength is the best, which has consistency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sanguisorba officinalis is well known for its incredible performance on stopping bleeding in herbal remedies in China. The chloroplast genome sequence of Sanguisorba officinalis was 155,479 bp length as the circular structure and typical quadripartite structure. It contained a large single-copy (LSC) region of 85,548 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,769 bp and separated by two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 25,581 bp. The overall G + C content of the chloroplast genome sequence is 37.2%. This chloroplast genome contained 131genes that included 86 protein-coding (PC) genes, 37 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and 8 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. In IR region, 18 genes was found, contained 7 PCGs species, 7 tRNA genes species and 4 rRNA genes species. In phylogenetic analysis, the result shown that Sanguisorba officinalis was closed relationship with Sanguisorba tenuifolia in the phylogenetic relationship using the Maximum-Likelihood (ML) method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews the current status of automotive brake disc research and the prospects for future research. At present, the research of brake disc performance mainly includes thermal conductivity, thermal fatigue resistance, wear resistance, and brake noise. It is found that a new alloy composite, heat treatment process, ceramic composite, new structure, and new materials are emerging. At the same time, it was found that ceramic and resin were used as the matrix, fiber materials were used as reinforcements to prepare brake discs, the addition of new fillers and the study of special reinforcement materials have become new hotspots in the study of brake discs. In the future development, carbon-fiber ceramic brake discs may become the main research focus of brake discs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a variety of micro-textures made by imitating the biological body surface are mentioned, and four common biomimetic texture types—convex hull, pit, groove and corrugation—are summarized by referring to a large number of literatures. These texture types that are widely used are those of the grooves and the pits of non-smooth surface because their viscosity drag reduction effects are relatively optimal for wear-resistance; in view of these two types of textures (with others including pit diameter, groove width, depth and area of share, and morphology spacing), we use data analysis and comparisons to find optimal parameter values in order to find the optimal effect of drag reduction and anti-sticking wear-resistance. Several texture processing methods are briefly introduced through case analysis and an illustration of the viscosity drag reduction mechanism of wear-resistance, and general fluid dynamic pressure is deduced from a theory formula in order to facilitate future research work on the basis of the optimal parameters to further improve the friction, wear lubrication, and hydrophobic properties, thus improving the bionic texture surface efficiency of saving energy and reducing consumption in industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron deficiency has detrimental effects in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), which is a common nutritional disorder and inflammation-related disease affects up to one-third people worldwide. However, the specific role of iron metabolism in ACS progression is opaque. In this study, we construct an iron metabolism-related genes (IMRGs) based molecular signature of ACS and to identify novel iron metabolism gene markers for early stage of ACS. The IMRGs were mainly collected from Molecular Signatures Database (mSigDB) and two relevant studies. Two blood transcriptome datasets GSE61144 and GSE60993 were used for constructing the prediction model of ACS. After differential analysis, 22 IMRGs were differentially expressed and defined as DEIGs in the training set. Then, the 22 DEIGs were trained by the Elastic Net to build the prediction model. Five genes, PADI4, HLA-DQA1, LCN2, CD7, and VNN1, were determined using multiple Elastic Net calculations and retained to obtain the optimal performance. Finally, the generated model iron metabolism-related gene signature (imSig) was assessed by the validation set GSE60993 using a series of evaluation measurements. Compared with other machine learning methods, the performance of imSig using Elastic Net was superior in the validation set. Elastic Net consistently scores the higher than Lasso and Logistic regression in the validation set in terms of ROC, PRC, Sensitivity, and Specificity. The prediction model based on iron metabolism-related genes may assist in ACS early diagnosis., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The handling editor SB declared a past co-authorship with the author(s) TL, (Copyright © 2022 Xu, Li, Li, Yuan, Pang, Liu, Liang, Cheng, Sun and Dong.)

Background: Although fatty acid metabolism has been confirmed to be involved in the pathological process of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), systematic analyses on the immune process mediated by fatty acid metabolism-related genes (FAMRGs) in IPF remain lacking., Methods: The gene expression data of 315 patients with IPF were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus database and were divided into the training and verification sets. The core FAMRGs of the training set were identified through weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Then, the fatty acid metabolism-related subtypes in IPF were identified on the basis of k-means unsupervised clustering. The scores of fatty acid metabolism and the expression of the fibrosis biomarkers in different subtypes were compared, and functional enrichment analysis was carried out on the differentially expressed genes between subtypes. A random forest model was used to select important FAMRGs as diagnostic markers for distinguishing between subtypes, and a line chart model was constructed and verified by using other datasets and rat models with different degrees of pulmonary fibrosis. The difference in immune cell infiltration among subtypes was evaluated with CIBERSORT, and the correlation between core diagnostic markers and immune cells were analyzed., Results: Twenty-four core FAMRGs were differentially expressed between the training set and normal samples, and IPF was divided into two subtypes. Significant differences were observed between the two subtypes in biological processes, such as linoleic acid metabolism, cilium movement, and natural killer (NK) cell activation. The subtype with high fatty acid metabolism had more severe pulmonary fibrosis than the other subtype. A reliable construction line chart model based on six diagnostic markers was constructed, and ABCA3 and CYP24A1 were identified as core diagnostic markers. Significant differences in immune cell infiltration were found between the two subtypes, and ABCA3 and CYP24A1 were closely related to NK cells., Conclusion: Fatty acid metabolism and the immune process that it mediates play an important role in the occurrence and development of IPF. The analysis of the role of FAMRGs in IPF may provide a new potential therapeutic target for IPF., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Yang, Ma, Li, Kong, Zong, Wendusu, Wu, Li, Dong, Zhao and Wang.)

Background: Although studies have shown that cell pyroptosis is involved in the progression of asthma, a systematic analysis of the clinical significance of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) cooperating with immune cells in asthma patients is still lacking., Methods: Transcriptome sequencing datasets from patients with different disease courses were used to screen pyroptosis-related differentially expressed genes and perform biological function analysis. Clustering based on K-means unsupervised clustering method is performed to identify pyroptosis-related subtypes in asthma and explore biological functional characteristics of poorly controlled subtypes. Diagnostic markers between subtypes were screened and validated using an asthma mouse model. The infiltration of immune cells in airway epithelium was evaluated based on CIBERSORT, and the correlation between diagnostic markers and immune cells was analyzed. Finally, a risk prediction model was established and experimentally verified using differentially expressed genes between pyroptosis subtypes in combination with asthma control. The cMAP database and molecular docking were utilized to predict potential therapeutic drugs., Results: Nineteen differentially expressed PRGs and two subtypes were identified between patients with mild-to-moderate and severe asthma conditions. Significant differences were observed in asthma control and FEV1 reversibility between the two subtypes. Poor control subtypes were closely related to glucocorticoid resistance and airway remodeling. BNIP3 was identified as a diagnostic marker and associated with immune cell infiltration such as, M2 macrophages. The risk prediction model containing four genes has accurate classification efficiency and prediction value. Small molecules obtained from the cMAP database that may have therapeutic effects on asthma are mainly DPP4 inhibitors., Conclusion: Pyroptosis and its mediated immune phenotype are crucial in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of asthma. The predictive models and drugs developed on the basis of PRGs may provide new solutions for the management of asthma., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Yang, Wang, Yan, Li, Kong, Zong, Chao, Li, Zhao and Wang.)

to investigate the tracing and therapeutic effects of carbon nanoparticles epirubicin (CNP-EPI) on axillary lymphadenectomy for breast cancer and postoperative lymphedema nursing intervention, a total of 60 breast cancer patients in Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital were selected as the study subjects and randomly divided into group A (n=30) and group B (n=30). They were subcutaneously injected with 1 mL of CNP-EPI 1 day before surgery and 3 days before surgery, respectively, and underwent axillary lymph node dissection. Lymphedema nursing intervention and routine care were implemented in groups A and B, respectively. After adsorption of 2 mL of 6 mg/mL epirubicin by 1 mL carbon nanoparticles, epirubicin could be slowly released with a cumulative release rate of 64.7 %. The black staining rate was 80.2 % (341/425) in group A and 57.7 % (217/376) in group B, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The black staining rate in metastatic lymph nodes was 73.1 % (23/52) in group A and 65.9 % (27/41) in group B (P > 0.05). The incidence rate of edema at 1, 3, and 6 months after operation in group A was significantly lower than that in group B (P < 0.05). Carbon nanoparticles have strong adsorption properties and slow drug release ability; subcutaneous injection of CNP-EPI axillary lymph nodes around the areola 1 day before surgery has a better lymphatic tracing effect; lymphedema nursing intervention can effectively reduce the incidence of prognostic lymphedema.