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Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: la enfermedad de Pompe (EP) o glucogenosis tipo II es una enfermedad autosómica recesiva causada por mutaciones en el gen GAA que codifica para la proteína alfa-1,4-glucosidasa. Su deficiencia lleva a un almacenamiento anormal de glucógeno en los lisosomas de varias células, a través de los diferentes tejidos, lo que causa un compromiso musculoesquelético predominante. Contenidos: los fenotipos de la enfermedad dependen de las variantes genéticas y de los niveles de la actividad enzimática residual. La enfermedad se presenta como EP de inicio infantil, EP de inicio tardío y EP intermedio, por lo que es de suma importancia su diagnóstico temprano, por medio de estudios moleculares como la secuenciación de Sanger y la secuenciación de nueva generación. Conclusiones: se ha demostrado, mediante diferentes estudios, que las variaciones genéticas pueden diferir entre etnias, y es importante su caracterización molecular para determinar el tratamiento más adecuado, de acuerdo con el estado del material inmunológico de reacción cruzada (CRIM).

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Universidade Estadual Paulista. Revista de Odontologia is the property of Universidade Estadual Paulista. Revista de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana: AOL is the property of Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of astaxanthin on the hematological, biochemical and somatic response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) orally administered in the feed for a period of 60 days. For the study, 105 tilapia (n=35) from the same spawn were used, constituting the following treatments: Control = animals (not treated with astaxanthin); T100 and T200 = fish treated with 100 and 200 mg of astaxanthin/kg of feed, respectively. There were no hematological alterations in red blood cells counts, hematocrit, hemoglobin, MCV and MCHC. In addition, astaxanthin-fed tilapia presented a better thrombocyte and leukocyte responses with a marked decrease in the number of thrombocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils. Among treatments, there were no changes in serum levels of total protein, albumin, globulins, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphate. Treatment with astaxanthin resulted in a decrease in triglyceride and glucose levels, as well as increase in hepatosomatic indices. The results of hematological and biochemical analyzes of tilapias demonstrated the clinical safety of this carotenoid, not causing harmful effects to the health of fish. Therefore, the antioxidant activity of this compound in tilapias resulted in an improvement in the leukocyte profile and contributed to hypolipidemic effects at the dose of 200mg of astaxanthin/kg of feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nivel mundial las infecciones virales toman mayor protagonismo al causar millones casos anualmente y millones de muertes, las alteraciones leucocitarias se presentan en muchos casos. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar el valor semiológico y pronóstico las alteraciones leucocitarias en infecciones virales. Se realizó una investigación documental basada en una revisión sistemática, las bases de datos utilizadas fueron PubMed, SciELO, Elsevier, Embase, Dialnet, y Lilacs. Se incluyó bibliografía científica de los últimos 10 años, los idiomas inglés y español fueron los incluidos en las bibliografías analizas, se excluyeron fuentes de información con más de 10 años de antigüedad, además se excluyeron estudios clínicos en animales. Se evidencio en pacientes con Covid-19 que no sobrevivieron un recuento de células TCD8 de 98,89 mientras que pacientes sobrevivientes fue de 203,98; en los pacientes no sobrevivientes se evidenciaron niveles elevados de IL-6, 10 veces superiores a los que sobrevivieron. Se concluye que en pacientes con Covid-19 los niveles de IL-6 (>20 pg/mL), así como el recuento de TCD8 (63 pg/dL) se pueden utilizar como predictor de la gravedad del dengue

Se evaluó la seropositividad a Neospora caninum mediante ensayo inmunoenzimático (ELISA) y se detectó el ADN por PCR anidada con iniciadores externos Np 21-4 e internos Np 9-10 en leucocitos de vacas del sistema de producción de leche en pequeña escala en Amecameca, Estado de México. Se estudió un hato con 34 hembras adultas realizando el seguimiento con muestreos sanguíneos durante cinco meses; también, se analizaron dos muestras de encéfalo de fetos abortados y se constató la secuencia de los amplicones en el Genbank. La concordancia entre técnicas fue comparada mediante la prueba Kappa. La seroprevalencia por ELISA fue de 85.3 %; y se detectó ADN del parásito en 89.4 % de las vacas. Una muestra de encéfalo fue positiva. La similitud de los amplicones osciló entre 91 y 96 %, el índice Kappa fue de 0.41. El empleo de leucocitos aumenta la probabilidad de amplicar ADN de N. caninum.

Blood samples from ten Swedish dairy cows were taken one month before calving, at calving, and one month after calving. The blood concentration of vitamins A and E, and the trace element selenium (Se) were analysed, as well as the total and differential white blood cell counts,a nd the presenceo f CD62L and CD18 adhesionm oleculeso n blood neutrophils. The levels of vitamins A and E decreased significantly at calving, while whole blood Se increased Leukocytosisw as detectedat calving, explainedm ainly by neutrophilia.T he number of lymphocytest endedt o decreasea t calvrng.T he proportion of CD62L- neutrophilsd ecreased sisnlficantlv at this ttme

Objetivo. Determinar la efectividad antiinflamatoria del eugenol frente al croton lechleri en el tratamiento de la estomatitis aftosa recurrente. Métodos. Se trata de un estudio experimental donde fueron incluidos 60 muestras, divididas en tres grupos de estudio (G.E): G.E. 1 (croton lechleri), con 20 sujetos; G.E. 2 (eugenol), con 20 sujetos; y el grupo control (G.C), con otros 20 sujetos. Se evaluaron las características clínicas, el dolor, el eritema, el tiempo de cicatrización; así como el recuento de los leucocitos y la proteína Creactiva, antes y dos días después de la aplicación del tratamiento. Se utilizó la prueba t de Student, la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis y la U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados. Las aftas menores presentaron mayor frecuencia, con el 93,3 %; la forma redonda predominó en los sujetos estudiados, con un 63,3 %; con un 28,3 % en varias localizaciones; seguidas de la lengua, con el 25 %, y la mucosa labial, con el 16,7 %. El dolor cesó al 100 % en los pacientes al segundo día de aplicado el eugenol, el eritema al tercer día y la cicatrización culminó al cuarto día. Con el uso del croton lechleri, al tercer día cesó el dolor y el eritema, culminando el proceso de cicatrización. Conclusión. Los resultados del presente estudio demuestran que tanto la aplicación tópica de croton lechleri, como la del eugenol, son efectivos en el tratamiento de la estomatitis aftosa recurrente.

Introduction: The leuko-glycaemic index has been proposed as a prognostic marker of death in patients with acute myocardial infarction, but there is uncertainty surrounding its prognostic value to predict one-year mortality. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of leukoglycaemic index for one-year mortality in Cuban patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Method: The data were obtained from the medical records and all cause one-year deaths was the primary endpoint. The leuko-glycaemic index was calculated from measurements at admission. The patients were divided into leuko-glycaemic index tertiles to be evaluated. Receiver operating characteristics and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were performed. Cox regression model was used for all multivariable analysis. Results: Three hundred and forty-four patients were assessed (median age, 68 years; 65.7% males; 25.6% diabetic). The mortality rate was 25.6%, being significantly higher in the upper tertile (55.7%, p<0.0001). The deceased patients presented a median of leuko-glycaemic index significantly higher than the survivors (2.18 and 1.34 respectively, p<0.0001). The area under the curve for leuko-glycaemic index was 0.715 and its cut-off value was 2.2. Any leuko-glycaemic index value higher than 2.2 was associated with significantly lower survival (177 vs. 309 days, p<0.0001) and it was an independent predictor of mortality (HR=3.56, CI 95%, 2.09-6.07, p<0.0001). Conclusions: The leuko-glycaemic index is a good predictor for all cause one-year mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of adding Agaricus blazei to the diet of broilers on immunity, serum parameters, and antioxidant activity was evaluated. A total of 840 1-day-old chicks were used, distributed among five levels of a completely randomized design (0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20% A. blazei), with six replications and 28 birds per experimental unit. The weights of the thymus, spleen and cloacal bursa were not influenced (P > 0.05). Leukocytes, macrophages and nitric oxide were unaffected (P > 0.05), but at each supplementation level compared with the control, differences appeared in the percentages of eosinophils and macrophages (P < 0.05) at inclusion levels of 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20%. At 28 days, the antibody titer against Newcastle disease showed a quadratic response (P < 0.05) with supplementation, and from the estimated level of 0.08% the production of antibodies was stimulated; however, the same behavior was not observed (P > 0.05) at 42 days. Hypocholesterolemic effect was demonstrated (P < 0.05), but the serum triglyceride concentration was not affected (P > 0.05). The antioxidant activity of mushroom showed a positive linear effect (P < 0.05) on DPPH capture on day zero of meat cooling. The inclusion of A. blazei in the diet of broilers provided an immunostimulatory activity and hypocholesterolemic effect. Residual compounds with antioxidant activity were present in the meat, which may promote tissue protection of the animal in vivo, making possible the use of A. blazei as a natural additive.

ABSTRACT Euphorbia tirucalli (L.), commonly known as aveloz, has been indiscriminately used in popular medicine to treat various illnesses. However, some components can have devastating consequences. Injury to a cell's genetic material can cause mutations, cancer, and cell death. Our main goal in this work was to evaluate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of E. tirucalli extract on human leukocytes. For this purpose, we performed a phytochemical analysis to evaluate the plant's components. In the second step, we treated cultured human leukocytes with different concentrations of the dry extract of the plant and then evaluated the oxidative and genotoxic profiles of these leukocytes. We found that at 1% and 10% concentrations, the aveloz extract acted as a genotoxic agent that could damage DNA and increase oxidative damage. We conclude that despite its popular use, aveloz can act as a genotoxic agent, especially when it contains phorbol ester. Aveloz's indiscriminate use might actually promote tumors and therefore carry a considerable genetic risk for its users.

A ingestão de líquidos isotônicos (carboidratos e eletrólitos), durante as marchas, pode melhorar a reposição hídrica e o desempenho nas atividades militares (Pitaluga, 2001). Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito de uma marcha militar de 16 km sobre o índice de desidratação (Inddes), índices hematológicos, contagem de leucócitos e densidade de urina, segundo diferentes tipos de repositores hídricos. Participaram do estudo 42 militares do Exército Brasileiro, do 1º Esquadrão de Cavalaria Pára-quedista, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, do sexo masculino, idade 22,6 ± 2,34 anos, massa corporal 72,99 ± 7,70 kg e peso transportado (material militar) 27,04 ± 2,11 kg. A amostra foi dividida, de forma aleatória, em quatro grupos, conforme o tipo de repositor utilizado (1 litro por indivíduo): água mineral (Gp 1); sem re hidratação (Gp 2); soro Babydrax (Gp 3); e Gatorade (Gp 4). Duas horas antes da marcha, foi realizada hidratação controlada de 600 ml de água. A marcha foi realizada das 11:30h às 15:30 h, com temperatura média de 16 oC e umidade relativa do ar de 79%. Foram realizadas três paradas de 10 minutos, a cada quatro km. O consumo do repositor foi controlado nas três paradas, devendo ser totalmente consumido até a última. Foram medidas, antes (A) e após (D) a marcha, a massa corporal (Pes), para avaliação do Inddes (diferença percentual entre a massa pré e pós-marcha), densidade de urina (DensU), índices hematológicos (porcentagem do hematócrito-Hm e contagem de hemoglobina Hb) e contagem de leucócitos (Leuc). Foi caracterizada a normalidade pelo teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov.Utilizou-se o teste estatísticoANOVA one way para verificar a diferença entre as médias dos grupos em cada indicador. Entre todos os índices, DensU (F = 1,981, para p = 0,07), Hm (F = 0,48, para p = 0,86), Hb (F = 0,44, para p = 0,88) e Inddes (F = 5,175 para p = 0,004), apenas o Inddes apresentou diferença significativa entre os grupos. Utilizou-se o teste post hoc de Tukey para apontar os grupos distintos, indicando que a diferença foi entre os Gp 2 e 4, comvalores sugestivos à desidratação (Inddes > 3%) no Gp 2 e menores perdas no Gp 4. Conclui-se que a abstinência de líquidos, em atividade de marcha, pode levar à desidratação (Gp 2) e, apesar de não serem significativas, as diferenças nos Inddes dos Gp 1 e Gp 3 sugerem a possibilidade de alterações mais relevantes em distâncias maiores ou em condições climáticas menos favoráveis, parecendo ser interessante o consumo de bebida isotônica nestas atividades. Provavelmente, o não fornecimento de repositores estabelecesse efeito negativo no prosseguimento de uma operação militar, fruto da desidratação.

Resumo: A indoleamina 2,3-dioxigenase (IDO) é uma enzima que cataboliza o aminoácido triptofano, levando à inibição da proliferação de linfócitos T, seja pela exaustão desse aminoácido no ambiente, ou pela indução via catabólitos induzindo-os a apoptose. Em mamíferos, esta enzima atua em diversas condições do organismo como a gestação, infecções, inflamações crônicas, transplantes e tumores, atuando na regulação imunológica. Estudos recentes identificaram a presença de moléculas homólogas a IDO em espécies filogeneticamente inferiores, cuja função parece estar restrita ao metabolismo do triptofano como fonte de energia. Este estudo teve por objetivo averiguar a expressão da IDO em células sanguíneas e órgãos hematopoiéticos de truta arco-íris pela imuno-histoquímica, buscando evidências de que a mesma poderia, nesta espécie, estar relacionada ao sistema imune. A expressão de IDO foi observada nos órgãos hematopoiéticos estudados incluindo o rim cefálico que apresentou marcação em células interrenais e leucócitos; baço, na qual a marcação restringiu à alguns leucócitos; no fígado a marcação ficou limitada à apenas algumas células dentro dos vasos sanguíneos e nas extensões sanguíneas pode-se visualizar a marcação de alguns leucócitos como os monócitos, linfócitos e neutrófilos. A predominância da marcação da IDO nesses tecidos pode constituir uma evidência de que a IDO identificada na O. mykiss esteja relacionada ao sistema imunológico nessa espécie.

BackgroundSpontaneous bacterial peritonitis is defined as an ascetic fluid infection without an evident intra-abdominal surgically treatable source. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is one of the severe complications in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Without early antibiotic treatment, this complication is associated with high mortality rate; therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is necessary for survival. Leukocyte esterase reagent can rapidly diagnose the spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.ObjectiveThis study aimed to find out the diagnostic accuracy of leukocyte esterase dipstick test for the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.MethodsA single centered hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted during July 2013 to August 2014 on children with cirrhotic liver disease and ascites who were admitted in the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology in Nemazee Hospital affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (Iran). All patients underwent abdominal paracentesis, and the ascitic fluid was processed for cell count, leukocyte esterase reagent strip test (Combiscreen SL10) and culture. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was defined as having a polymorphonuclear count (PMN ≥250/m3) in ascitic fluid. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of leukocyte esterase test were calculated according to the formula.ResultsTotally, 150 ascitic fluid sample of cirrhotic male patients (53.2%) and their mean age (4.33±1.88 years) were analyzed. Biliary atresia (n=44, 29.4%) and idiopathic neonatal hepatitis (n=29, 19.3%) were the most frequent etiology of cirrhosis. Also, abdominal pain (68.6%) and distension (64%) were the most common presenting complaint. Of all cases, 41patients (27.35%) were diagnosed to have spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (PMN ≥250/mm3). Sensitivity and specificity of leukocyte esterase reagent test according to PMNs ≥250mm3 were 87.80% and 91.74%, also on ascitic fluid culture results were 88.23% and 77.44%. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value of this test in PMNs ≥250mm3 were 80% and 95.23% and in cases with positive culture 33.33% and 98.09% were obtained, respectively. Efficiency of leukocyte esterase reagent test in diagnosing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, according to PMNs ≥250mm3 and culture results were 90.66% and 78.66%.ConclusionThe leukocyte esterase strip test may be used as rapid test for diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to its high diagnostic validity.

A utilização de bactérias do ácido láctico (LAB) como uma alternativa ao uso de antimicrobianos tem sido proposta para o controle da mastite bovina. No entanto, antes dessas aplicações, o efeito in vivo das LAB sobre a glândula deve ser cuidadosamente avaliado. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se a infusão intramamária de Weissella confusa e seus metabólitos em vacas afeta a contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e a contagem diferencial de leucócitos no leite. Vinte e quatro tetos de seis vacas Hartón del Valle foram selecionados para a pesquisa. Uma alíquota de 5mL de uma solução aquosa de células de W. confusa (W) (concentração 109u.f.c. mL-1), 5mL de células de W. confusa com seus metabólitos (W + W10b) ou 5mL de metabólitos (W10b) foi aplicada ao acaso em três tetos de cada vaca. O teto restante em cada úbere representou a unidade experimental de controle (C). Nos dias 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13 e 15 após infusão (PI), a CCS, o pH, a acidez titulável e a contagem diferencial de leucócitos no leite foram avaliadas. A aplicação das três substâncias biológicas produziu aumentos significativos na CCS, no pH e na contagem de neutrófilos polimorfonucleares. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre W e W+W10b. O W10b mostrou a menor alteração sobre as variáveis avaliadas. Os resultados sugerem que a aplicação de W. confusa e seus metabólitos afeta a CCS e a contagem diferencial de leucócitos no leite.

Micotoxinas representam um vasto grupo de contaminantes químicos naturais originados a partir do metabolismo secundário de fungos filamentosos patogênicos. Elas são produzidas, principalmente, pelos gêneros Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus e Penicillium, os quais podem contaminar grãos e cereais, como trigo, milho e soja. Conforme sua natureza e níveis de concentração, micotoxinas podem induzir efeitos tóxicos em animais de produção e humanos. Um estudo in vitro foi realizado para avaliar a susceptibilidade das células linfocitárias de frangos de corte a diferentes concentrações de ocratoxina A, deoxinivalenol e zearalenona. Cada micotoxina foi adicionada ao meio celular em diferentes concentrações (0,001; 0,01; 0,1 e 1μg/mL). A viabilidade celular e atividade de ecto-adenosina desaminase foram analisadas em 24, 48 e 72 horas através de ensaios colorimétricos. Para isso, foram utilizados 0,7x10(5) linfócitos/mL em meio RPMI 1640, suplementado com 10% de soro fetal bovino e 2,5 UI de penicilina/estreptomicina por mL, incubados em atmosfera de 5% de CO2 a 37 °C. Todos os experimentos foram realizados em triplicata e os resultados foram expressos como média e erro padrão da média. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que tanto ocratoxina A como deoxinivalenol induziram proliferação linfocitária e baixa atividade enzimática in vitro (P0,05). Foi possível correlacionar os dados referentes à viabilidade celular e atividade de ecto-adenosina desaminase, sugerindo que, em concentrações mínimas, as micotoxinas testadas não estimularam a atividade da enzima, que possui ação pró-inflamatória e contribui para o processo de imunossupressão e, portanto, evitando um decréscimo na viabilidade celular. Este é o primeiro estudo feito com OCRA, DON e ZEA sobre linfócitos de frangos de corte em cultivos in vitro na avaliação desses parâmetros.

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte is the property of Redprint Editora Ltda. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Three trials occured to estimate the optimal dietary level of lysine (Lys) and its ratio with metabolizable energy (ME) using pigs from 50 to 70 kg BW. The first with 72 barrows (49.75±0.41 kg initial BW) and second with 72 gilts (46.05±0.38 kg intial BW). Dietary levels of Lys were: 7.00, 8.00, 9.00, 10.00 11.00 and 12.00 g/kg, and 14.25 MJ/kg ME. The thirth with 12 barrows and 12 gilts were fed with four diets (7.00, 9.00, 10.00 and 12.00 Lys g/kg) from the performance trial to evaluate apparent nutrient digestibility. In the first trial, there was a linear improve on feed conversion ratio, crude protein intake (g/day) (CPI) and crude protein efficiency (CPE) of the gilts from 0 to 16 days. From 0 to 32 days dietary lysine levels continued to show linear increase in CPI and CPE and a quadratic effect on relative weight gain (RWG) and FCR of the gilts. There was linear increase on CPE for barrows from 0 to 16 days and quadratic effect on CPI from 0 to 32 days. Data from digestibility and metabolism assay did not show interaction between sex as effect of Lys, although N retention (g) was higher in gilts than barrows. Therefore, it was concluded that for gilts and barrows from 50 to 70 kg, the recommended levels were 10.14 and 7.00 g/kg Lys or 0.71 and 0.49 g Lys/MJ ME, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experiment was performed to determine the effect of diets with varying salt levels on the haemogram, whole blood viscosity and osmotic fragility of Barred Plymouth Rock (BPR) and Isa White (IW) breeding cocks. Four experimental diets designated as: T1 (control diet with 0.25 % salt), T2 (diet with 0.50 % salt), T3 (diet with 0.75 % salt) and T4 (diet with 1.00 % salt) were fed to 48 cocks of the two different breeds grouped into 12 birds per treatment and at four birds per replicate. At the end of eight weeks of experiment, blood samples were collected for the determination of the haemogram, whole blood viscosity and red blood cell osmotic fragility. The results revealed differences (P<0.05) in erythrocyte sedimentation rate, haemoglobin content, red blood corpuscles, packed cell volume and whole blood viscosity between the two breeds. Also, percentage eosinophils (3.30±0.15 versus 3.10±0.10) and basophils (1.60±0.16 versus 1.80±0.13) differed (P<0.05) between breeds. The red blood cells of birds on the high salt diets were more osmotically fragile than the control diet. There was no breed difference in the osmotic fragility between the BPR and IW cocks, however the BPR breed was more sensitive to osmotic fragility at all saline concentrations and dietary levels than the IW breed. Conclusively, increase in the dietary salt up to 0.75 % level has no significant effect on the two commercial breeding cocks as far as their differential leucocyte count is concerned, but a case of sub-clinical basophilia could be induced at 1.00% level. Also, the IW seemed the more osmotically stable breed in terms of its erythrocytic osmotic fragility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Odonto Ciencia is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Biological Sciences is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se recolectaron 69 muestras de Trachemys callirostris en condiciones ex situ e in situ, para determinar sus parámetros hematológicos, comparar estos valores (considerando sexo, edad y condición) y establecer la morfología de sus células. A los animales se les extrajo sangre de la vena yugular. Se determinaron hematocrito, concentración de hemoglobina, recuentos total de eritrocitos, leucocitos y trombocitos e índices eritrocitarios (volumen corpuscular medio, hemoglobina corpuscular media y concentración de hemoglobina corpuscular media). En extendidos sanguíneos se realizaron el conteo diferencial de leucocitos y la descripción de la morfología de las células encontradas. Los valores promedio encontrados para todos los individuos fueron: hematocrito (29,9 % ± 5,1), hemoglobina (4,0 ± 1,0 g/dl), VCM (327 ± 15,3 fl), HCM (45 ± 17,5 pg), CMHC (14 ± 6 %), conteo total de trombocitos (15,0 ± 5,4 × 10³ μL), conteo total de eritrocitos (0,92 × 10⁶/μL ± 0,12), conteo total de leucocitos (12,10 ± 5,0 × 10³ μL). Al aplicar el análisis de varianza se encontró que no existe diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,05) entre Trachemys callirostris de distintos pesos (500 a 2000 g). Sin embargo, existen diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) y altamente significativas (p < 0,01) de la mayoría de las variables hematológicas entre sexos y entre hicoteas mantenidas en condición in situ y ex situ. De esta forma, las diferencias encontradas entre individuos, dependiendo su peso, sexo y condición de mantenimiento (in situ o ex situ), sirven como referencia para el establecimiento de protocolos de manejo de la especie en cautiverio.

69 samples from Trachemys callirostris were collected in situ and ex situ, to determine their hematological parameters, to compare these values (considering sex, age, and condition), and to establish the morphology of their cells. Blood was collected from the jugular vein of the animals. Hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, total counts of erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes, and red cell indices were determined (mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration). Differential leukocyte count was performed, and the morphology of cells found in blood smears was described. The average values found for all individuals were: hematocrit (29.9% ± 5.1), hemoglobin (4.0 ± 1.0 g / dl), MCV (327 ± 15.3 fL), MCH (45 ± 17.5 pg), MCHC (14 ± 6%), total count of thrombocytes (15.0 ± 5.4 × 10³ μL), total count of erythrocytes (0.92 × 10⁶ / μL ± 0.12), and total count of leukocytes (12.10 ± 5.0 × 10³ μL). Analysis of variance showed no statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between Trachemys callirostris of different weights (500 to 2000 g). Nevertheless, it showed significant (p < 0.05) and highly significant differences (p < 0.01) for most hematologic variables between sexes and hicotea turtles maintained in situ and ex situ. Thus, differences found between individuals, depending on weight, sex and condition of maintenance (in situ or ex situ), serve as a reference to establish protocols for maintaining turtles in captivity.

Background: the use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as a potential therapeutic agent to control bovine mastitis was previously proposed. However, little is known about the cellular response of the bovine mammary gland in cattle infected with Streptococcus agalactiae and treated with LAB. Objective: to assess the cellular response by the mammary gland in lactating cows after infection with Streptococcus agalactiae followed by infusion with Weissella confusa as antibacterial treatment. Methods: healthy udder quarters of lactating cows were infected with S. agalactiae (10(7) cfu/mL). After 24 h of pathogen infusion, 50% of the quarters were infused with 109 cfu/mL of W. confusa (SW) and the remaining 50% were kept as control units (S). At days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, and 14 post-infusion of the pathogen, the clinical signs of mastitis and the degree of cellular response by the mammary gland were evaluated using the California mastitis test, somatic cell count, electrical conductivity, and differential leukocyte count in milk. Results: the SW quarters showed clinical inflammation of the mammary gland associated with a significant increase in somatic cell count, California mastitis test, electrical conductivity and high proportion of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The results suggest that the infusion with W. confusa cells induced a higher cellular immune response in the bovine mammary gland than S. agalactiae alone. Conclusions: results indicate that W. confusa infusions for controlling S. agalactiae should not be adopted. However, the activation mechanism of somatic cells in the mammary gland needs to be elucidated.

Case Description: The main objective of this paper was to report the clinical effectiveness of leukocyte- platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) in the treatment of a combined endo-periodontal lesion of an upper first premolar. Clinical Findings: The tooth had a profound abfraction on the vestibular aspect and presented no mobility but revealed a deep pocket measuring of 11 mm on the mesial vestibular aspect and 14 mm on the mesial palatine aspect. The three dimensional image analysis showed total bone loss in the mesial aspect and an extensively bone loss of the vestibular aspect of the vestibular root. Treatment and Outcome: Endodontic treatment was performed and periodontal access surgery (surgical periodontal therapy) was done with the application of autologous L-PRF. Three month and 6 months after surgery, the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) exams showed no bone regeneration in any aspect of the tooth. However, periodontal examination showed a significative improvement in the deepness of surcus. The mesial vestibular aspect had a deep pocket of 3 mm and 5 mm on the mesial palatine aspect showing a reduction in deepness of 8 mm and 9 mm, respectively. Clinical Relevance: The actual treatment for teeth with bad prognosis is the extraction and replacement with implants. Even though implants are capable of restore function and aesthetic, the abuse of this approach have led to the loss of teeth that could be successfully treated with a less invasive technique. The prognosis of teeth with endoperiodontal lesion is poor but could be enhanced with regenerative therapies. Until now there are no clinical trials and just four case report about the treatment of these teeth with platelet rich fibrin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although resting immune function is not very different in athletes compared with non-athletes periods of intensified training (overreaching) in already well trained athletes can result in a depression of immunity in the resting state. Illness-prone athletes appear to have an altered cytokine response to antigen stimulation and exercise. Having low levels of salivary IgA secretion also makes athletes more susceptible to upper respiratory tract infections. Overtraining is associated with recurrent infections and immunodepression is common, but immune functions do not seem to be reliable markers of impending overtraining. There are several possible causes of the diminution of immune function associated with periods of heavy training. One mechanism may simply be the cumulative effects of repeated bouts of intense exercise (with or without tissue damage) with the consequent elevation of stress hormones, particularly glucocorticoids such as cortisol, causing temporary inhibition of TH-1 cytokines with a relative dampening of the cell-mediated response. When exercise is repeated frequently there may not be sufficient time for the immune system to recover fully. Tapering has been described as a gradual reduction in the training load which allows the recovery of physiological capacities that were impaired by previous intensive training and permits further training-induced adaptations to occur accompanied by competition performance enhancements. The majority of the studies that have examined the recovery of immunoendocrine responses during 1-3 week tapers in trained athletes have mainly reported enhanced performance, often accompanied by increased anabolic activity, reduced physiological stress and restoration of mucosal immunity and immune function.Quando se compara a função imune, em repouso, de atletas e não atletas, não se verificam grandes diferenças. Porém, períodos de treinamento intensificado ("overreaching") em atletas bem treinados podem induzir supressão da imunidade no estado de repouso. Os atletas com maior propensão para contrair doenças parecem apresentar uma resposta alterada de citocinas, tanto quando estas são estimuladas por antígenos, quanto em resposta ao exercício propriamente dito. Baixos níveis de secreção de IgA salivar também contribuem para tornar os atletas mais susceptíveis à infecções do trato respiratório superior. A síndrome do "overtraining" é associada a infecções recorrentes e a imunossupressão é comum; no entanto, marcadores da função imune não parecem ser suficientemente sensíveis ao "overtraining" eminente. Existem várias possíveis causas para a diminuição da função imune associadas com períodos de treinamento severo. Um possível mecanismo pode ser simplesmente, o efeito acumulativo de atividades e sessões repetidas de exercício intenso (com ou sem dano tecidual), com a consequente elevação dos hormônios de estresse, particularmente os glicocorticóides como o cortisol, causando assim, uma inibição temporária das citocinas de TH-1, com uma relativa atenuação da resposta imune celular. Quando o exercício é repetido frequentemente, pode não haver tempo suficiente para uma total recuperação do sistema imunológico. O "Tapering" tem sido descrito como uma gradual redução na carga de treinamento a qual permite a recuperação das capacidades fisiológicas, que por sua vez, foram afetadas pelo treinamento intensivo anterior, permitindo assim, que adaptações adicionais decorrentes do treinamento ocorram, acompanhadas pelo incremento do desempenho competitivo. A maioria dos estudos que investigaram a recuperação das respostas imuno-endócrinas em atletas durante uma a três semanas de "taper" tem registrado aumento do desempenho, frequentemente acompanhado pelo aumento da atividade anabólica, redução do estresse fisiológico e restabelecimento da imunidade das mucosas e da função imune.

OBJETIVO: Analisou-se o impacto do treinamento físico moderado (TFM) e intenso (TFI) sobre o perfil leucocitário e a atividade microbicida de macrófagos alveolares, em 29 ratos machos Wistar. MÉTODOS: Foram formados três grupos: controle-sedentário (CS), treino-moderado (TM) e treino-intenso (TI). Os TFM e TFI foram efetuados através da natação, com aumento progressivo de carga conforme o peso corporal, até um máximo de 3% para o TFM, e 5% para o TFI. As coletas de sangue para contagem total e diferencial dos leucócitos foram automatizadas através do analisador hematológico Sysmex XT- 1800i (Roche®) antes e após o treino. E ao final realizou-se o lavado broncoalveolar para determinar a taxa de fagocitose e a produção de óxido nítrico (ON) de macrófagos. RESULTADOS: O grupo TM apresentou valores maiores para o número de leucócitos (12,77±2,0 x 17,25±2,4 10³/mm³), linfócitos (8,87±1,0 x 12,5±2,1 10³/mm³) e neutrófilos (0,99±0,5 x 3,18±1,0 10³/mm³), pOBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of moderate (MPT) and intense physical training (IPT) on the white blood cell profile and the microbicide activity of alveolar macrophages in 29 Wistar male rats. METHODS: The sample was separated into three groups: control group (sedentary), moderate training (MT), and intense training groups (IT). Swimming was the tool used to classify both moderate and intense training groups with a progressive increase of exercise load regarding body weight (up to 3% for the moderate physical training and 5% for the intense training group). The blood samples used to count total and differential leucocytes were automated by a hematological analyzer Sysmex XT-1800i (Roche®) before and after training sessions. At the end of the process, a bronchoalveolar lavage was carried out so to determine the amount of phagocytosis and the production of nitric oxide (NO) of the macrophages. RESULTS: The MT showed an increase in the number of leucocytes (12,77±2,0x17,25±2,4 10³/mm³), lymphocytes (8,87±1,0x 12,5±2,1 10³/mm³) and neutrophils (0,99±0,5x3,18 ±1,0 10³/mm³), p

Clofazimine and clarithromycin are used to treat leprosy and infections caused by Mycobacterium avium complex. Little data on the toxicity of co-administration of these two drugs are available. Here we evaluated the potential adverse effects of polytherapy with these two drugs in male Wistar rats by determining WBCs counts and other blood cell counts, neutrophilic phagocytosis, and burst oxidative, by flow cytometry. We observed an increase in WBCs, in multiple-dose regimens, and in polymorphonuclear cells, in both single- clarithromycin only and multiple dose regimens. We also observed a reduction in mononuclear cell counts in single and multiple doses. The drugs seem to reverse the mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cell ratio. An increase in oxidative burst was observed in animals treated with the drugs administered either individually or combined. In conclusion, clofazimine and clarithromycin change WBCs counts. Our results may contribute for a better understanding of the mechanisms related to the effects of co-administrating the two drugs.Clofazimina e laritromicina são utilizadas no tratamento da hanseníase e em infecções causadas pelo complexo Mycobacterium avium. Devido à escassez de dados sobre a toxicidade de esquemas terapêuticos que associam estes fármacos, este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos adversos desta terapia, em ratos machos Wistar, por meio da determinação da contagem global e específica de leucócitos e ensaios de fagocitose e burst oxidativo de neutrófilos por citometria de fluxo. Houve aumento do número de leucócitos (dose múltipla) e de células polimorfonucleares (doses única e múltipla) nos grupos tratados com claritromicina em monoterapia ou associada à clofazimina e redução das células mononucleares, em doses única e múltipla, nos mesmos grupos. Os fármacos parecem inverter a proporção entre células mono e polimorfonucleares. Observou-se aumento do burst oxidativo nos animais tratados com os fármacos isolados ou associados. Concluindo, clofazimina e claritromicina provocam alterações leucocitárias e os resultados podem contribuir para melhor entendimento dos mecanismos relacionados aos efeitos da administração dos fármacos em associação.

Se evaluaron las concentraciones de metales Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd y Ni y su relación con marcadores de estrés oxidativo en 50 fumadores crónicos de ambos géneros (30 y 84 años). Los fumadores se dividieron en dos grupos: 25 fumadores de 1-5 cigarrillos/día (cig/día) y 25 fumadores de más de 6 cig/día. Los niveles de metales en sangre total y en orina fueron determinados por espectrofotometría de emisión atómica con plasma inductivamente acoplado (ICPOES). Se realizaron determinaciones hematológicas y bioquímicas de proteínas totales, fraccionadas y de tioles totales. Los fumadores presentaron mayores concentraciones de Fe en sangre independientemente del número de cigarrillos fumados y menores concentraciones de Zn, Cr y Ni. No se observaron diferencias en las concentraciones de Cu en sangre. El Cd en fumadores estuvo entre 5,0-10,0 μg/L y en no-fumadores entre 0,0-5,0 μg/L. No se observaron diferencias signi cativas en las concentraciones de hemoglobina, hematocrito y la hemoglobina corpuscular media en los grupos, ni entre las concentraciones de albúmina ni globulinas; se observó un incremento en los leucocitos y en los grupos tioles totales de fumadores. Las concentraciones de Fe en sangre se correlacionaron con los glóbulos blancos y con el Cd; igualmente se encontró correlación entre la albúmina y los grupos tioles. Las concentraciones de Zn y el Cu se incrementaron en la orina de fumadores, no así las concentraciones de Fe. De acuerdo a estos resultados, en los fumadores crónicos, la distribución de Fe en el organismo juega un papel central en la posible progresión y desarrollo de las enfermedades relacionadas con este hábito.

This work sought to evaluate the effects of chronic intake of flaxseed upon hematologic parameters and immunological findings on body development of Wistar rats. Female Wistar rats were used after gestation. They were randomly assigned into two groups during lactation period: Control group (CG), fed with casein based diet, made up of 17% protein and flaxseed group (FG), fed with casein based diet with the addition of 25% flaxseed. At weaning, 12 male pups of each group continued to receive the experimental diets of their mothers (with only 10% of protein) until adult age, when they were killed at 250 days of life aiming at blood collection. At 250 days old FG presented significant reduction in body mass (p < 0.000) and higher levels of hemoglobin (p = 0.019) and albumin (p = 0.030) than CG. It was observed smaller percentage of segmented lymphocytes (p = 0.016) in rats from FG and bigger percentage of segmented leucocytes (p = 0.023) when compared to CG. The chronic consumption of flaxseed altered hematologic and immunological indicators in adult Wistar rats. Supplementation with flaxseed seems to be beneficial to maintenance or reduction of body mass.Este trabajo pretendía evaluar el efecto de la ingestión crónica de linaza sobre parámetros hematológicos y hallazgos inmunológicos del desarrollo corporal de ratas Wistar. Se emplearon ratas hembra Wistar tras la gestación. Se las distribuyó al azar en dos grupos durante el período de lactancia: grupo control (GC), alimentado con una dieta basada en caseína, con un 17% de proteína y el grupo linaza (GF), alimentado con una dieta basada en caseína con la adición de un 25% de linaza. En el destete, 12 ratas macho continuaron recibiendo las dietas experimentales consumidas por sus madres (con sólo el 10% de proteína) hasta la edad adulta, en que fueron sacrificados a los 250 días de vida para la recogida de las muestras. A los 250 días de edad, el GF presentaba una reducción significativa de la masa corporal (p < 0,000) y mayores concentraciones de hemoglobina (p = 0,019) y albúmina (p = 0,030) que el GC. Se observó un menor porcentaje de linfocitos segmentados (p = 0,016) en las ratas del GF y un mayor porcentaje de leucocitos segmentados (p = 0,023) en comparación con el GC. El consumo crónico de linaza alteró los indicadores hematológicos e inmunológicos en las ratas Wistar adultas. La suplementación con linaza parece ser beneficiosa en el mantenimiento o la reducción de la masa corporal.

The action of the "Stress Factor Ostrich (Arenales - Fauna and Flora)" was tested in the release of superoxide anion by cells in the peripheral blood of rhea (Rhea americana). Sixteen samples of 0.5mL of venous blood were collected through the jugular vein in the morning and placed in heparinized tubes. The leukocytes were separated into polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mononuclear (MN). The production of superoxide anion by phagocytes of peripheral blood was determined using the chromogen ferricytochrome C. There was a reduction of superoxide by MN cells in the presence of "Stress Factor Ostrich" indicating a positive influence of product against oxidative stress. Furthermore, future researches, such as the evaluation of other reactive oxygen intermediates and antioxidant enzymes, researches.

The objective of this work was to characterize the hematological profiles of steers and bulls, according to residual feed intake (RFI), after feed deprivation. Twenty‑month‑old Nellore steers and bulls were fed feedlot diets for 70 and 56 days, respectively. RFI was calculated as the difference between actual feed intake and expected feed intake. More and less efficient steers and bulls, according to RFI, were subjected to 24 hours of food deprivation. Blood was sampled prior to and following the withdrawal period. Hematological analyses included total and differential white blood cell count, red blood cell count and morphology, and plasma glucose concentration. Variation in RFI did not influence plasma glucose concentration or blood cell profiles. Glucose concentrations in bulls decreased from 114 to 97 mg dL‑1, but remained unchanged in steers, and the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio increased from 0.39 to 0.57 following deprivation. Hematological profiles do not differ between more and less efficient steers and bulls, according to RFI.

A leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma zoonose causada pelo protozoário Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi. A leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) é a doença de maior relevância zoonótica. Usualmente, a infecção ocorre entre um hospedeiro invertebrado para um hospedeiro vertebrado, entretanto, a transmissão na ausência do vetor já é conhecida. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi identificar a presença de formas amastigotas, quantificar as células leucocitárias, estimar o risco relativo da presença de formas amastigotas no aparelho reprodutivo de cães sorologicamente positivos com e sem sinais clínicos. Para isso, foram utilizados cães sem raça definida, sexualmente maduros e testados sorologicamente para LVC (com sinais clínicos, n=25; sem sinais clínicos, n=25), que após eutanásia, tiveram fragmentos de testículo, epidídimo (cabeça, corpo e cauda) e glândula prostática (selecionados ao acaso) impressos em lâminas. Um grupo de 20 cãs sorologicamente negativos e sem sinais clínicos foi usado como controle. Amostras do baço foram incluídas como controle parasitológico positivo. O percentual de linfócitos foi superior (P

Os eventos de isquemia-reperfusão desencadeiam uma resposta inflamatória sistêmica que pode levar a lesões celulares e até falência de órgãos. Tais repercussões são notadas no pós-operatório de cirurgias, em especial, com o uso de circulação extracorpórea. Sabe-se, atualmente, que os leucócitos exercem importante papel neste processo. Assim, este estudo aborda o papel dos leucócitos na fisiopatologia das lesões de isquemia-reperfusão e a ativação das cascatas inflamatórias por esse processo e procura auxiliar na compreensão destes mecanismos assim como trazer contribuições acerca das abordagens terapêuticas que possam atenuá-los. Esta revisão bibliográfica retrospectiva foi realizada a partir de documentos científicos publicados nos últimos dez anos, em português e inglês, indexados em bases de dados internacionais Medline e SciELO e de textos clássicos relacionados. Os descritores pesquisados foram: isquemia-reperfusão, leucócitos, resposta inflamatória, circulação extracorpórea, efeitos adversos e apoptose.The events of ischemia-reperfusion injury triggers a systemic inflammatory response and can lead to cellular injury and organ failure. Such effects are noted in the postoperative recovery, especially with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. Nowadays, it is known that leukocytes play an important role in this process. Therefore, this study addresses the role of leukocytes in the physiopathology of ischemia-reperfusion injuries and activation of inflammatory cascades through this process and seek to help in the understanding of these mechanisms as well as to bring contributions on the therapeutic approaches that can mitigate them. This retrospective review was performed from indexed scientific papers published over the last ten years in Portuguese and English in international databases MEDLINE and SciELO and related classic texts. The descriptors investigated were: ischemia-reperfusion, leukocytes, inflammatory response, cardiopulmonary bypass, adverse effects and apoptosis.

O presente estudo comparou os níveis plasmáticos de glicose, proteínas totais, uréia, triglicerídeos e colesterol, a contagem de eritrócitos, leucócitos e trombócitos entre alevinos e juvenis de Arapaima gigas (Osteoglociformes, Arapaimidae) de uma piscicultura semi-intensiva de Manaus, estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Os alevinos de A. gigas apresentaram níveis significativamente (p0,05) no número de trombócitos e leucócitos totais entre alevinos e juvenis. Os juvenis de A. gigas apresentaram menor quantidade de linfócitos e maior quantidade de monócitos, neutrófilos e eosinófilos, quando comparados aos alevinos. Em estudos futuros, espécimes de A. gigas com outras idades também deverão ser comparados para melhor entendimento dos efeitos da idade neste peixe amazônico, pois estas informações, além de possibilitarem uma melhor compreensão da fisiologia desta espécie, poderão auxiliar no estabelecimento de estratégias para seu manejo.The present study compared the biochemical and hematological parameters of fingerlings and juveniles Arapaima gigas (Osteoglociformes, Arapaimidae) from a semi-intensive fish farming in Manaus, Amazon State, Brazil. Fingerlings A. gigas had lower levels of total protein, triglycerides, urea and mean cell volume (MCV), but higher (p0.05) in the total thrombocytes and total white blood cell counts between fingerlings and juveniles. Juveniles A. gigas presented lower lymphocytes number and higher monocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils number when compared to the fingerlings. In further studies, A. gigas specimens with other ages should also be compared for a better understanding of the ontogenic development in this Amazon fish, because this information besides increase the knowledge of the physiology of this species, can aid in the establishment of strategies for its adequate handling.

Objetivo. Evaluar los valores medios del hemograma en perros sanos durante la quimioterapia con cisplatina. Materiales y métodos. Se evaluaron los parámetros del hemograma de ocho caninos sanos sometidos a terapia con cisplatina, distribuidos en dos grupos. A los perros del grupo uno se les administró cisplatina (70 mg/m², i.v.) y para prevenir la nefrotoxicidad recibieron suero fisiológico al 0.9% (25mL/kg/h, i.v.). Los animales del grupo dos no recibieron cisplatina. Resultados. El hemograma de los perros del grupo uno no mostró diferencia significativa (p>0.05) con respecto al de los animales del grupo dos. Conclusiones. Los datos obtenidos indicaron que el protocolo con cisplastina no alteró significativamente los valores medios del hemograma y el número de sesiones de quimioterapia aumenta el riesgo de disminución de los valores del hemograma.

Neste estudo, foram avaliadas as características hematológicas e a morfometria de Auchenipterus nuchalis, Psectrogaster amazonica e Squaliforma emarginata, capturados no rio Tocantins. As amostragens foram realizadas no rio Tocantins, onde o sangue foi coletadopor punção caudal dos animais, determinando-se hemograma completo e morfometria dos eritrócitos. Auchenipterus nuchalis (n = 15) apresentou maior número de eritrócitos, hemoglobina e hematócrito, seguido de P. amazonica (n = 26) e S. emarginata (n = 26). Otamanho dos eritrócitos foi maior para S. emarginata, mostrando que quanto maior o tamanho dos eritrócitos, menor o número de células circulantes. Squaliforma emarginata também apresentou maior número de blastos (eritrócitos ortocromáticos e policromatófilos) no sangue periférico. Estas diferenças podem ser atribuídas a adaptaçõesrespiratórias de natureza comportamental e/ou fisiológicas, relacionadas ao meio ambiente. O maior percentual de linfócitos foi observado em P. amazonica; o de monócitos e neutrófilos, na espécie A. nuchalis. A variação nos percentuais de leucócitos entre as espécies pode estar relacionada ao nicho ocupado, favorecido pela exposição a diferentes microrganismos.This study evaluated the hematological characteristics anderythrocyte morphometry in Auchenipterus nuchalis, Psectrogaster amazonica and Squaliforma emarginata captured in Tocantins river. The samples were taken in the Tocantins river, where blood was collected by puncturing the caudal vein of the animals. The completehemogram and morphometry of the erythrocytes were determined. Auchenipterus nuchalis (n = 15) showed the largest number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit, followed by P. amazonica (n = 26) and S. emarginata (n = 26). Squaliforma emarginata showed the largest erythrocytes and the smallest number of circulating cells. Squaliforma emarginata also showed the highest number of circulating blast cells (orthochromatic and polychromatophil erythrocytes) in the peripheral blood. These differences can be attributed to respiratoryadaptations of a behavioral or physiological nature related to the environment. The highest percentage of lymphocytes was observed in P. amazonica, and of monocytes and neutrophils in A. nuchalis. The variation among the species in the percentages of leucocytes can also be attributed to the niche occupied, favored by exposure to different microorganisms.

OBJETIVOS: Analisar a influência de obesidade na contagem de células imunológicas e na concentração dos hormônios cortisol e leptina, a fim de estabelecer uma relação entre as variáveis analisadas. MÉTODOS: Foram recrutados 27 adolescentes obesos [índice de massa corporal (IMC) ≥ percentil 95[ e 21 não-obesos (IMC ≤ percentil 75), de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 15 e 19 anos, na fase pós-púbere. O IMC foi calculado através da divisão do peso pela altura ao quadrado e a composição corporal foi estimada por pletismografia no sistema Bod PodTM. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas para análise de leucócitos, neutrófilos, linfócitos, monócitos, plaquetas, cortisol e leptina. O teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov foi utilizado, seguido pelo teste t de Student independente supondo distribuição normal. O nível de significância estabelecido foi p < 0,05 e expresso como média ± desvio padrão. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o programa SPSS para Windows versão 12.0. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença entre o grupo obeso e o não-obeso na concentração sérica de leucócitos, neutrófilos, linfócitos, monócitos e cortisol. O grupo de adolescentes obesos apresentou maiores concentrações de plaquetas e leptina (p < 0,01). A prevalência de hiperleptinemia foi de 25,92% nos adolescentes obesos (15,38%, sexo masculino e 35,7%, feminino). CONCLUSÕES: Os adolescentes obesos apresentaram maiores concentrações de plaquetas e leptina em comparação aos não-obesos. Observou-se que as adolescentes obesas apresentaram maior prevalência de hiperleptinemia do que os adolescentes obesos.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of obesity status on immune cell count and concentration of the hormones cortisol and leptin, in order to establish a relationship among the variables analyzed. METHODS: We recruited 27 obese [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 95th percentile[ and 21 non-obese (BMI ≤ 75th percentile) adolescent boys and girls, aged 15-19 years at the post-pubertal stage. BMI was calculated as body weight divided by height squared, and body composition was estimated by plethysmography in the Bod PodTM system. Blood samples were collected to analyze leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets, cortisol, and leptin. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was performed, followed by the independent Student t test in case of normal distribution. Significance values were set at p < 0.05 and expressed as means ± standard deviation. The statistical package SPSS for Windows version 12.0 was used. RESULTS: There was no difference between obese and non-obese adolescents in terms of leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte and cortisol serum concentrations. The group of obese adolescents presented higher platelet and leptin concentrations (p < 0.01). The prevalence of hyperleptinemia was 25.92% in the obese adolescents (15.38% in boys and 35.7% in girls). CONCLUSIONS: Obese adolescents have higher platelet and leptin concentrations in comparison with non-obese adolescents. It was also found that obese girls presented a higher prevalence of hyperleptinemia than obese boys.

The aim of this study was not only to determine the red blood cells parameters, thrombocyte and leukocyte counts in farmed Brycon amazonicus (matrinxã), to compare these parameters among Bryconinae species from literature, and also to investigate the presence of special granulocytic cells in these fish. The results of the blood cells parameters here established for farmed B. amazonicus, a species of great economic importance in Brazilian aquaculture, could help a better understanding of the blood features in natural populations of this Amazon species. Blood parameters varied between Bryconinae species investigated, mainly the red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). The presence of the blood granulocytes, neutrophils and heterophils in matrinxã suggest that both leukocytes can be a characteristic for Bryconinae family. Furthermore, it indicates that the existence of special granulocytic cells in the blood of Bryconinae species from literature is an artifact, and this was herein discussed.O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os parâmetros eritrocíticos, as contagens de trombócitos e de leucócitos de espécimes de Brycon amazonicus (matrinxã), criados em cativeiro e compará-los com aqueles descritos na literatura para outras espécies de Bryconinae. Além disso, foi ainda investigada a presença de células granulocíticas especiais nestes peixes. Os resultados dos parâmetros sangüíneos apresentados para B. amazonicus podem ajudar a entender melhor as características sangüíneas em população natural desta espécie de grande importância para a aqüicultura brasileira. Os parâmetros sangüíneos das espécies de Bryconinae investigadas apresentaram variação interespecíficas principalmente a contagem de eritrócitos, hemoglobina, hematócrito e volume corpuscular médio (VCM). A presença dos granulócitos sangüíneos, neutrófilos e heterófilos em matrinxã sugere que esta pode ser uma característica das espécies pertencentes à subfamília Bryconinae. Além disso, indica que a existência de células granulocíticas especiais no sangue de espécies de Bryconinae da literatura é um artefato, e isto foi aqui discutido.

Esse trabalho avaliou as mudanças na contagem de leucócitos e algumas proteínas séricas de bovinos confinados e terminados a pasto. De 120 amostras sangüíneas coletadas, 60 foram obtidas de bovinos Nelores machos confinados e 60 de animais com as mesmas características, porém manejados extensivamente. As amostras foram obtidas por ocasião do abate desses animais. Os parâmetros estudados foram contagem de leucócitos, razão albumina/globulina e concentração de fibrinogênio plasmático. Na análise dos dados empregou-se estatística descritiva, obtendo-se as médias, desvio padrão e coeficiente de variação para todos as variáveis avaliadas e posteriormente comparou-se as médias por meio de teste não-paramétrico. Os bovinos terminados a pasto apresentaram maior nível de globulina e fibrinogênio (P>0,05) quando comparados com os confinados (globulina: pastejo=3,29g dL-1 0,76; confinamento 2,99g dL-1±0,60 e Fibrinogênio: pastejo=872mg dL-1±610; confinamento=633mg dL-1±319). O número de leucócitos total foi de 7,64±2,15 em bovinos confinados e de 7,72±1,84 nos terminados a pasto. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre essa variável e a contagem diferencial de leucócitos bem como na proteína sérica total (g dL-1) dos bovinos terminados a pasto (6,10±0,53) e dos confinados (5,96±0,49). O nível de albumina dos bovinos confinados (3,01g dL-1±0,43) e a razão A/G (1,07±8,91) foram maiores quando comparados com os bovinos terminados a pasto (2,82g dL-1±0,45) e (0,95±0,38) respectivamente. O nível mais elevado de albumina nos bovinos confinados sugere que eles foram submetidos a uma dieta nutricional mais adequada. O constante desafio imunológico sofrido pelos animais terminados a pasto pode ter sido responsável pelo elevado nível de globulina e fibrinogênio. Esses resultados indicaram que, apesar das adversidades que os bovinos confinados são submetidos, eles não apresentaram alterações correlacionadas com esse fato.This research aimed to evaluate the changes in the white blood cell count and some serum proteins of confined cattle (CC) and grass cattle (GC). From the 120 blood samples collected, 60 were obtained from confined Nelore male bovines and 60 from animals with the same characteristics but managed extensively. Samples were obtained at the moment of slaughter. Parameters studied were the white blood cell count, serum albumin/globulin ratio and concentration of plasma fibrinogen. Descriptive statistics was used in the analysis of the data, and the averages, standard deviation and coefficient of variation calculated for all parameters evaluated. The comparisons between averages were made by non-parametric test. The grazing cattle showed higher levels of globulin and fibrinogen when compared to the confined ones (globulin: GC=3.29g dL-1±0.76; CC=2.99g dL-1±0.60 and Fibrinogen: GC=872mg dL-1±610; CC=633mg dL-1±319). The total number of white blood cells mL-1 was 7.64±2.15 in confined cattle and 7.72±1.84 in grazing cattle. There was no significant difference between this variable and differential white blood cell count as well as the total serum protein (g dL-1) from grazing cattle (6.10±0.53) and confined cattle (5.96±0.49). The level of albumin from confined cattle (3.01g dL-1± 0.43) and the A/G ratio (1.07±8.91) were greater when compared to the grazing bovines (2.82g dL-1±0.45) and (0.95±0.38) respectively. The higher serum levels of albumin found in confined herd suggest that they were subjected to a more adequate nutritional diet. The constant immunological challenge suffered by the GC could be responsible for the elevated serum levels of globulin and fibrinogen. These results showed that although feedlots present a stressful environment they did not show any blood alterations correlated to this fact.

Foram examinados 20 eqüinos adultos portadores de abdômen agudo e submetidos à laparotomia. Dez recuperaram-se sem intercorrência pós-operatória (G1) e 10 foram a óbito sete a 10 dias após a cirurgia, com sinais de choque séptico (G2). Avaliaram-se temperatura retal, freqüências cardíaca e respiratória, tempo de preenchimento capilar e teores plasmáticos das proteínas de fase aguda - fibrinogênio, ceruloplasmina, proteína C-reativa, antitripsina, haptoglobina e glicoproteína ácida -, antes e até sete dias após a laparotomia. As leucometrias às 72h e no sétimo dia pós-operatório dos eqüinos que foram a óbito foram, respectivamente, 34,6% e 57,1%, mais altas que a dos animais curados. Os maiores valores de proteína de fase aguda ocorreram no sétimo dia após a cirurgia; os percentuais de elevação de fibrinogênio, antitripsina, glicoproteina ácida, proteína C-reativa, ceruloplasmina e haptoglobina de eqüinos do G2 em relação ao G1 foram 46,8%, 67,9%, 91,9%, 112,2%, 126,9% e 186,2%, respectivamente.Twenty adult horses with acute abdomen were examined and submitted to treatment by laparotomy; ten had no postoperative complication (group 1), and ten showed septic shock symptom and died from seven to ten days after surgery (group 2). Body temperature, heart and respiratory rates, filling capillary time, and plasma acute phase protein concentrations - fibrinogen, ceruloplasmin, C-reactive protein, antitrypsin, haptoglobin, and acid glycoprotein - were evaluated before laparotomy and until seven days after surgery. White blood cell counts at 72h and seven days after surgery in group 2 animals were, respectively, 34.6% and 57.1%, and were higher than those measured in group 1 horses. The highest values of acute phase proteins occurred on the seventh day after surgery. The increase percentages of fibrinogen, antitrypsin, acid glycoprotein, C-reactive protein, ceruloplasmin, and haptoglobin plasma concentrations in group 2 animals in comparison to group 1 animals were 46.8%, 67.9%, 91.9%, 112.2%, 126.9%, and 186.2%, respectively.