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Focusing on Correspondence from the Double-Cassia Studio (Shuanggui xuan chidu [phrase omitted] ), a collection of letters by a gentlewoman named Ding Shanyi [phrase omitted] (1799-after 1861), this paper examines how elite women in mid-nineteenth-century China applied epistolary conventions in their social life. Compared to other literary collections of individual women in late imperial China, Ding's letter collection is exceptional in recording the life of its author through the epistolary genre and in revealing the sociopolitical dynamics that underlay elite women's epistolary gentility. Ding's letters are indicative of the noticeable concerns shared by gentlewomen in mid-nineteenth-century China and provide specific contexts for understanding some of the epistolary techniques used by literary women to facilitate social networking. This paper uncovers Ding's life and explores three major themes in her epistolary collection: her responses to crises, concerns about health, and cultivation of friendship. Ding's letters show how elite women evinced sophistication and erudition in their epistolary composition, which was an important way for them to express themselves and demonstrate their mastery of language and rhetorical tradition., If it is convenient [for you to send] fish and wild geese, please be unstinting in sharing delightful messages. [phrase omitted] INTRODUCTION: AUTOBIOGRAPHY, TEXTBOOK, AND GENTILITY The longing for letters [...]

This paper examines the role of early modern letters of recommendation as facilitators of trust and mobility across geographic and social networks in the early modern period, a topic neglected by world historians despite their focus on mobility and border crossing. The paper seeks to fill this gap in the scholarship by focusing on the 'global microhistory' of Thomas Vanandets'i, an Armenian archbishop and printer who set up an Armenian printing press in Amsterdam in 1695 following his travels there from the South Caucasus. By examining the archbishop's multilingual letters of recommendation that paved his journey, the paper sheds light not only on how Armenians traveled across the many worlds of their early modern diaspora but also more generally on the question of how the ubiquitous yet understudied genre of the letter of recommendation served as the 'quintessential locus of brokerage' for travelers and merchants across the early modern world. KEYWORDS: letters of recommendation, early modernity, mobility, Armenians, print culture, Amsterdam, diasporas., ON July 8, 1708, a nonagenarian Armenian archbishop named Thomas Vanandets'i (Thomas of Vanand) arrived in the Belgian city of Antwerp and immediately took up lodging at the city's Catholic [...]

IN THEODORE ROETHKE'S 1954 POEM, 'Elegy for Jane: My Student, Thrown by a Horse,' a teacher whose beloved student has died ponders how it was possible that he could have [...]

This paper examines the seven-month period between January and July 1807 that Heinrich yon Kleist spent in French confinement on charges of espionage, and the Trauerspiel Pemhesilea he wrote during [...]

In this study, we examine 63 letters written in West Kewa by a Papua New Guinean man (called Yombo throughout) to Karl Franklin and his family over a period of fifteen years. We first discuss the ways complaints have been handled by various authors. We then provide a brief background to the Kewa culture before analyzing the pragmatic context of speech acts that disclose various complaints in a sampling of the letters. The classification and modification of the complaints have benefitted in particular from the theories of A. Trosborg, and also J. House and G. Kasper. We relate the complaints to various cultural scenarios and scripts in order to show how Yombo complains and what he is complaining about. He often avoids direct confrontation and mitigates the offense. The study also demonstrates how a newly literate man uses various styles and features from his language (West Kewa) to discuss the events in his life and to complain about some of them., 1. INTRODUCTION. (1) The main character in this study is a young man we call Yombo. He first worked with the Franklins in 1967 as a domestic helper, but quickly [...]

INTRODUCTION One of the earliest attested texts in Neo-Mandaic, and one of the few witnesses to the now-extinct Iraqi dialect of Neo-Mandaic, was a letter first published among the texts [...]

Suicide is a global concern, hence, cross-cultural research ought to be important; yet, there is a paucity of cross-cultural study in suicidology. This study sought to investigate suicide notes drawn from India and the United States, as these countries have similar suicide rates but markedly different cultures. A thematic or theoretical-conceptual analysis of 72 suicide notes drawn from these countries, matched for age and gender, was undertaken, based on Leenaars' (1996) multidimensional model of suicide. The results suggested that there were more commonalities than differences; yet, not consistent with previous cross-cultural studies of suicide notes, Indian notes expressed more indirect expression including veiled aggression, or aggression turned inward, and unconcious dynamics. It was concluded that the model may be applicable to suicide in both countries, but also much greater study in India is warranted on collectivism and dissembling as a suicide risk factor. DOI: 10.1080/07481181003697712

A study was conducted to investigate the Israeli establishment's attempts to justify the outcomes of deployment of force on behalf of the state. The letters sent for Remembrance Day to the bereaved families of fallen soldiers are analyzed. It is believed that addressing the families as a distinct group in the country changed the inclusive reference to the nation or the collective 'we.'

ABSTRACT The present paper presents the preliminary results of the study of were in nonstandard positions as well as nonstandard preterit negative forms of to be in mid- and late [...]

An analysis of the correspondence between Paul Celan and Peter Szondi from 1959 to 1970, explores the idiomatic use of names, words and sentences in the letters.

The exchange of letters in the 1790s between Kant and Maria von Herbert, a young Austrian noblewoman devoted to Kant's critical philosophy is examined, wherein she argues that Kant ignored the main request of Herbert's letters that life has value. It is argued that there is a principled distinction to be drawn between lies and reticence and that Kant provides an argument for such a distinction, lying is necessarily deceptive whereas reticence is not necessarily deceptive.

In Edgar Allan Poe's famous short story, The Purloined Letter, the contents of the mysterious epistle are never revealed; rather, it is the place and the successive replacements of the [...]

If soon she be not made a wife, Her honour's singed, and then for life, She's--what I dare not name. --John Gay, The Beggar's Opera (2611) At four o'clock on [...]

IT IS DOUBTFUL THAT ANY mature letter of Henry James was ever read with such consummate indifference as the one he wrote in 1913 to Stark Young. Visiting Fanny Prothero [...]

To Guy Livingston Triests, Italy At present I am leaving here tonight because I could not find anything but the most expensive hotel and all the others are filled to [...]

The following exchange of letters first appeared in Japanese in mid-June and mid-July in the Tokyo daily The Asahi Shimbun. English versions followed within a few days in special editions [...]

Conrad's friendship with John Galsworthy, begun when both men had yet to make their way in the world of letters, was, according to his own account of it, one of [...]

Dreams and visions played an important part in the medieval universe. They could give religious and moral guidance, but could also provide information on future political events. When the monks [...]

In September 1767 the Mozart family paid a visit to Vienna with a view to Wolfgang's taking part in the celebrations for the forthcoming marriage of the Empress Maria Theresa's [...]

We know little of Gluck's relationships with members of his family. He was the eldest of five boys and two girls. Two of his brothers, Karl and Franz Anton Ludwig, [...]

A NEW edition of the letters of Peter of Blois, whose whole career from about in 1168 till his death in 1212 was based in England, has been a major [...]

ALEXANDER POPE'S friends, acquaintances, and contacts among the aristocracy were extensive, as might be expected from a man whose natural wit and undoubted personal charms were enhanced by a finely [...]

"Philosophy's Letters" is a course I have always wanted to teach, although and probably because it would be regarded by the institution as non-serious, superfluous to "the discipline" and to [...]

DURING the First World War the fighting man's principle means of communication to his loved ones at home was by letter. Over the post-war decade a prodigious number of privately [...]

Information about the life of cleric and historian Laurence Echard is provided. Echard was an ordained and active member of the Church of England, and he wrote seven books of geography and contemporary history. Echard's connection with the Tonsons, as seen in his letters, is also examined.

Letters were vital to Jane Rule. She answered every fan letter she received, she appreciated friends and family members who shared her love of letters, and she rewarded everyone who [...]

Agnes M.C. Latham focused on a previously unpublished epistolary piece that Sir Walter Ralegh had addressed to his heir, the young Walter. Latham examined Ralegh's 'Instructions to his Son and to Posterity,' and noted that this letter is extant in scribal transcripts in two seventeenth-century manuscripts.

A letter written by Laurence Sterne to James Dodsley on July 29, 1765 was published for the first time in 2006, along with a facsimile of the original now housed in the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York. The letter had gone unnoticed for at least a decade since its purchase. Information about Dodsley's rumored expression of dissatisfaction is also provided.

Four letters by Paul Feyerabend to Thomas Kuhn from the 1950s and 60s were discovered in Kuhn's Nachlass at the Institute Archives and Special Collections of MIT, out of which, two of them deal with topics that were at the focus of the controversy between the two authors that was ignited by Feyerabend's reading of Proto-Structure, the draft version of Kuhn's The structure of scientific revolutions. These letters are presented after correcting the misprints in them.

Letters from students, serve to enhance the insight toward students at a personal level while adding a familiar form and friendly voice to the classroom community. The biographical letter and study-skill letter are the two sets of students' letters discussed. It is found that one need's to know one's student better versus the time needed for this communication is the matter of concern.

MOST OF THE YOUNG MEN WHO rushed to enlist in the Union army in the spring and summer of 1861 soon found themselves in army camps with little to do [...]

WITH ALL the emphasis on children by both Presidential candidates, it occurred to me to look at how Presidents past addressed them. This I was able to do thanks to [...]

One of the seven letters written by William Wordsworth to Dr. Charles Henry Parry one of which was written in December 1840 when William Wordsworth and his son had come across an accident and are in the special collections of the Pennsylvania State University Library is described. The contents of Wordsworth's letter to Parry are given.

The future of letter-writing in an age in which e-mail is becoming the dominant form of communication is examined. It is suggested that future generations of biographers will have lost a rich source of material as a result of the decline in letter-writing.

In the summer of 1867 Grace King was invited to visit Charles Gayarre and his wife at their Louisiana country home 'Roncal.' A girl of fifteen, she and her sister [...]

James S. Osborn in his Young Philip Sidney prints the text, or rather the English translation, of a letter written from Philip Sidney from Prague on 8 April 1577. The [...]